小王子作者--圣埃克絮佩里中英文

2024年2月8日发(作者：金融的逻辑)

安托万?马里?让-巴蒂斯特?罗歇?德?圣埃克絮佩里(法语:Antoine Marie

Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupéry，1900年6月29日,1944年7月31日)，法国作家、飞行员，1900年6月29日生于法国里昂。1944年获得“法兰西烈士”称[N 1]号。 在他的经典儿童小说《小王子》出版一年后，为祖国披甲对抗纳粹德军。在1944年7月31日执行一次飞行任务时失踪。他以于1943年出版的童话《小王子》(Le

/The Little Prince)而闻名于世，其他著名的小说分别有《夜航》、《人类Petit Prince

的土地》等。位于其家乡的里昂圣-埃克苏佩里机场是以他命名的。直到2004年4月，离奇失踪近60年的埃克苏佩里飞机残骸才在法国南部马赛海底附近被寻获。在他逝世50周年时，法国人将他与小王子的形象印在50法国法郎的钞票上。

生平

童年和青年时期[编辑]

圣埃克絮佩里出生于一个贵族家庭，在五个孩子中排行老三，他有三个姐妹和一个金发小弟弟弗朗索瓦斯(François)。父亲让•德圣埃克絮佩里(Jean de Saint-Exupéry )(1863-1904)是伯爵，1904年死于中风，此时安托万还未满四岁。母亲Marie de Fonscolombe独自抚养五个孩子。弗朗索瓦斯是安托万最亲近的知己，却在15岁时患上风湿热，并不幸死于心包炎。那是1917年夏天，他们都在瑞士弗里堡的Marianist教会学校上学。安托万在弗朗索瓦斯离世前一直照顾他，并在《小王子》一书的结尾处写到:“他的脚踝处闪过一道金光。他似乎呆了一下，也没有喊叫，像一棵树一样倒下了。因为地上是沙子，他甚至没有发出一点声音。„„”安托万在17岁就成了家里唯一的男性。 受到弟弟离世和一战的影响，安托万开始创作讽刺普鲁士士兵的漫画，并开始写诗.

1917年，他通过了高中毕业会考，成绩平平，随后两次报考海军学校落榜。他的理科成绩很好，文科成绩却很差。此后，他对美术和建筑产生了兴趣，并进入了法国美术学院学习建筑，但15个月后半途而废。1918年他结识了作家Loui de

Vilmorin，开始

写爱情诗。

1921年，圣埃克絮佩里成为了一名骑兵，开始了军旅生涯。他在斯特拉斯堡附近的Neuhof服役，并开始接受飞行员培训。

飞行员生涯

1926年圣埃克絮佩里在斯特拉斯堡服兵役时成为一名邮政飞行员，往返于图卢兹和塞内加尔。1929年他迁往南美洲。1932年，他的事业进入了一个困难时期，辗转于越南(1934年)、莫斯科(1935年)和西班牙(1936年)。这段经历为他提供了许多写作灵感，集中体现在《人类的大地》一书中。 1939年，他离开法国来到纽约，希望和美国军队一起抵抗纳粹对法国的侵略。1944年春天，他终于如愿以偿。 沙漠坠机

1935年12月30日，凌晨02:45，在飞行了19小时44分钟后，圣埃克絮佩里和他的机械师André Prévot在撒哈拉沙漠中坠机了。两个人都幸存了下来。当时他们正试图打破巴黎到西贡的最短飞行时间记录，争夺150，000法郎的奖金。坠机地点可能在Wadi Natrun山谷附近，靠近尼罗河三角洲。

两人虽然逃过了坠机，却面临着严重的脱水。他们只带了一幅简陋的地图、一些水果和只够两人喝一天的饮用水。两人都出现了幻觉，迷失在巨大的沙丘之间。最终，第四天，一个骑着骆驼的贝都因人发现了他们，并用当地治疗脱水的办法拯救了他们的生命。这段濒临死亡的经历体现在《人的大地》和《小王子》中。

旅居美加

1940年，法兰西第三共和国和德国纳粹签订了第二次贡比涅停战协定。圣埃克絮佩里随即通过葡萄牙，在1940年的最后一天来到了美国纽约，希望能让美国尽快加入反对纳粹的战争。1941年1月14日，在Hotel Astor举办的一次约有1500人出席的作家午餐会中，圣埃克絮佩里得到了他的作品《风，沙和星辰》(法文版名为“人的大地”)一年前赢得的美国国家图书奖，当时他正为法国而战斗。妻子龚苏萝(又译作康苏尔洛)先是迁往法国南部小镇奥佩德的艺术家社区，几个月后也来到了纽约。

从1941年1月到1943年4月，圣埃克絮佩里居住在纽约中央公园南的一间双阁楼公寓里。他还有两处住所，分别是纽约长岛Asharoken区的豪宅The Bevin

Hou和曼哈顿Beekman广场的连栋房屋。

一些学者认为，圣埃克絮佩里在美国期间和美国著名飞行员查尔斯•林德伯格(Charles Lindbergh)的妻子Anne Morrow Lindbergh关系亲密。讽刺的是，圣埃克絮佩里到美国的目的是劝说美国政府加入盟军，Anne和她的丈夫Charles都强烈反对美国加入欧洲的战争。

更讽刺的是，二战期间圣埃克絮佩里和林德伯格都成为了P-38闪电式战斗机的飞行员，林德伯格秘密参与了太平洋战争，而圣埃克絮佩里不久后就永远消失在地中海上空，举世震惊。

圣埃克絮佩里不喜欢美国人称呼他“埃克絮佩里先生”，到美国后才逐渐接受。他在美国期间完成了《战争飞行员》，广受好评。还有《给人质的一封信》，献给纳粹控制下的四千万法国人民，以及许多支持法国的短篇。

1942年暮春，圣埃克絮佩里夫妇在加拿大魁北克逗留了几个星期。他们居住在哲学家Charles De Koninck家，并在那里遇到了他八岁的儿子托马斯，这是个有着一头金色卷发的早熟孩子。

1942年下半年，圣埃克絮佩里在纽约和Asharoken写出了《小王子》，并于10月份完成了手稿。几个月后，也就是1943年初，《小王子》在美国以英语和法语出版，直到作者逝世和法国解放之后，书才在法国出版。

飞行员[编辑]

出版于1926年。这是他出版的第一部作品，后来被扩写成《南方邮航》。 南方邮航[编辑]

出版于1929年。圣埃克苏佩里借助雅克•贝尼斯(Jacques Bernis)的形象描述了自己作为飞行员的生活和情感，吉娜叶薇芙(Geneviève)的形象则是法国作家路易丝•德•维尔莫亨(Loui de Vilmorin)的投影。

夜航[编辑]

出版于1931年12月。《夜航》由作者的朋友安德烈•吉德作序，并为他赢得了费米娜文学奖，让他跻身名作家的行列。这本书受到了广泛的欢迎，并被翻译成多种语言，好莱坞甚至买下了它的电影版权。 主角里维埃的灵感来自于作者的上司迪迪耶•窦哈(Didier Daurat)。

人的大地[编辑]

出版于1939年12月，获法兰西文学院大奖。美国版名为《风沙星辰》。这是作者对在旅行中的自身经历、情感和回忆的描述和思考。这本书也是作者对他和梅尔莫兹(Mermoz)和吉约梅(Guillaumet)之间的友情的献礼，从更深层次来说，他还从一个浪漫的视角描述了人性的高贵。

小王子[编辑]

主条目:小王子

作者于战争期间在纽约完成的作品，1943年在纽约出版，1945年在法国出版。 给人质的一封信[编辑]

1944年在美国发表。

要塞[编辑]

出版于1948年。

青年时代的信札[编辑]

出版于1953年。1976年更名为《青年时代给一个虚拟朋友的信》(Lettres de

jeunes

à l'amie inventée)后重新出版。

笔记[编辑]

出版于1953年，1975年重新结集出版。这是作者对1935~1940年间的一个日程本和五

个记事本上的内容的整理，内容广泛，展示了一个作家对科学、宗教和文学的浓厚兴趣，

还有对一些名言警句的思考。

给母亲的信[编辑]

出版于1955年，包含了作者在1910~1944年间和母亲的通信。

舞者玛侬[编辑]

这部短篇小说完成于1925年，出版于2007年。这是一个舞女玛侬和一个四十岁的男人

之间的爱情故事，这个男人严肃，悲伤，正寻找生命的意义。从他们相识开始，男人就

一直保护着这个他以为是舞女的“可怜的小姑娘”。他们在汽车旅行途中发生了没有爱

的性关系。但某天，玛侬的三个主顾告诉他，她其实是个妓女。他们断交后重新见面，

玛侬投身一辆大卡车的车轮，但自杀未遂，只是腿瘸了。

给一个陌生女人的信[编辑]

出版于2007年11月。这是作者写给一个红十字急救护士的情书合集。1943年5月，他

们在Oran-Alger的火车上相遇。

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (French pronunciation: [,,twan də

st ,ɛɡzypeʁi]), officially Antoine

[3][4][Note 1][Note 2]Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger, comte de Saint

Exupéry (29 June 1900 – 31 July

[Note 3]1944, Mort pour la France), was a French aristocrat, writer,

poet, and pioneering aviator. He became a laureate of veral of

France's highestliterary awards and also won the U.S.

[7]National Book Award. He is best remembered for his novella The

Little Prince(Le Petit

) and for his lyrical aviation writings, including Wind, Sand and

Stars and Night Flight. Prince

Saint-Exupéry was a successful commercial pilot before World War II,

working airmail routes in Europe, Africa and South America. At the

outbreak of war, he joined the French Air Force (Armée de l'Air), flying

reconnaissance missions until France's armistice with Germany in 1940.

After being demobilid from the French Air Force, he travelled to the

United States to persuade its government to enter the war against Nazi

Germany. Following a 27-month hiatus in North America, during which

he wrote three of his most important works, he joined the Free French

Air Forcein North Africa, although he was

far past the maximum age for such pilots and in declining health. He

disappeared over the Mediterranean on his last assigned reconnaissance

mission in July 1944, and is believed to have died at that time.

Prior to the war, Saint-Exupéry had achieved fame in France as an

aviator. His literary works — among them The Little Prince, translated

into over 250 languages and dialects —

[8][9]posthumously boosted his stature to national hero status in

France. He earned further

widespread recognition with international translations of his other

works. His 1939 philosophical memoir Terre des hommes became the name of

a major international

humanitarian group, and was also ud to create the central theme

(Terre des

) of the most successful world's fair of the 20th century, Expo

hommes—Man and His World

[67 in Montreal, Canada.

Youth and aviation

Saint-Exupéry was born in Lyon to an aristocratic family that could

trace its lineage back veral centuries. He was the third of five

children of the Countess Marie de Fonscolombe

[11][12][Note 4]and Count Jean de Saint-Exupéry (1863–1904). His

father, an executive of the Le

(The Sun) insurance brokerage, died of a stroke in Lyon's La Foux

train station before Soleil

his son's fourth birthday. His father's death would greatly affect

the entire family,

[14]transforming their status to that of 'impoverished aristocrats'.

Saint-Exupéry was the third of five children, with three sisters and

a younger blond-haired

brother, François, who at age 15 would tragically die of rheumatic

fever contracted while both were attending the Marianist College Villa

St. Jean in Fribourg, Switzerland, during

World War I. Saint-Exupéry attended to his brother, his clost

confidant, beside François'

death bed, and later wrote that François "...remained motionless for

an instant. He did not cry out. He fell as gently as a [young] tree

falls", imagery which would much later be recrafted into the climactic

ending ofThe Little Prince. At age 17, and now the only "man" in

the family following the death of his brother, the young author was

left as distraught as his mother and sisters, but he soon assumed the

mantle of a protector and took to consoling

[15]them.

After twice failing his final exams at a preparatory Naval Academy

(intentionally, some

believe), Saint-Exupéry entered theÉcole des Beaux-Arts as an

auditor to study architecture

for 15 months, again without graduating, and then fell into the

habit of accepting odd jobs. In 1921, Saint-Exupéry began his military

rvice with the 2e Régiment de chasurs à

(2nd Regiment of Light Cavalry) and was nt to Neuhof, near

Strasbourg. While there cheval

he took private flying lessons and the following year was offered a

transfer from the French Army to the French Air Force. He received his

pilot's wings after being posted to the 37th

Fighter Regiment in Casablanca, Morocco. Later, being reposted to

the 34th Aviation

Regiment at Le Bourgeton the outskirts of Paris, and then

experiencing the first of his many aircraft crashes, Saint-Exupéry bowed

to the objections of the family of his fiancée, future

novelist Loui Lévêque de Vilmorin, and left the air force to take

an office job. The couple ultimately broke off their engagement and he

worked at veral more odd jobs without success over the next few years.

By 1926, Saint-Exupéry was flying again. He became one of the

pioneers of international postal flight, in the days when aircraft had

few instruments. Later he complained that tho who flew the more

advanced aircraft had become more like accountants than pilots. He

worked for Aéropostale between Toulou and Dakar, and then also became

the airline

stopover manager for the Cape Juby airfield in the Spanish zone of

South Morocco, in the

Sahara dert. His duties included negotiating the safe relea of

downed fliers taken hostage by hostile Moors, a perilous task which

earned him his first Légion d'honneur from

the French Government.

In 1929, Saint-Exupéry was transferred to Argentina, where he was

appointed director of the

Aeroposta Argentina airline. He surveyed new air routes across South

America, negotiated agreements, and even occasionally flew the airmail

as well as arch missions looking for downed fliers. This period of his

life is briefly explored in Wings of Courage, an IMAX film by

[16]French director Jean-Jacques Annaud.

Writing career

Saint-Exupéry's first novella, L'Aviateur (The Aviator), was

published in a short-lived literary

[19]magazine (). In 1929, his first book, le Navire d'argentThe

Silver ShipCourrier Sud

(Southern Mail) was published; his career as an aviator and

journalist was about to burgeon. That same year, Saint-Exupéry flew the

Casablanca—Dakar route.

The 1931 publication of Vol de nuit (Night Flight) established

Saint-Exupéry as a rising star in

the literary world. It was the first of his major works to gain

widespread acclaim and won the prix Femina. The novel mirrored his

experiences as a mail pilot and director of the Aeroposta

[20]Argentina airline, bad in Argentina.

That same year, at Gras, Saint-Exupéry married Consuelo Suncin

(née Suncín Sandoval), a

twice-widowed Salvadoran writer and artist, who possd a bohemian

spirit and a "viper's tongue". Saint-Exupéry, thoroughly enchanted by

the diminutive woman, would leave and then return to her many times —

she was both his mu and, over the long term, the source

[21]of much of his angst. It was a stormy union, with Saint-Exupéry

travelling frequently and

indulging in numerous affairs, most notably with the Frenchwoman

Hélène de Vogüé

(1908–2003), known as "Nelly" and referred to as "Madame de B." in

Saint-Exupéry

[22][Note 5]biographies. De Vogüé became Saint-Exupéry's literary

executrix after his death, and

also wrote her own Saint-Exupéry biography under a pudonym, Pierre

Chevrier.

Dert crash

On 30 December 1935, at 02:, after 19 hours and 44 minutes in

the air, Saint-Exupéry,

[25]along with his mechanic-navigator André Prévot, crashed in the

Sahara dert. They were

attempting to break the speed record in a Paris-to-Saigon air race

(called a raid) and win a

[26][Note 6]prize of 150,000 francs. The crash site is thought to

have been near the Wadi Natrun

[27]valley, clo to the Nile Delta.

Both Saint-Exupéry and Prévot miraculously survived the crash, only

to face rapid dehydration in the inten dert heat. Their maps were

primitive and ambiguous, leaving them with no idea of their location.

Lost among the sand dunes, their sole supplies were grapes, two oranges,

a thermos of sweet coffee, chocolate, a handful of crackers, and a small

[28]ration of wine. The pair had only one day's worth of liquid.

They both began to e

mirages and experience auditory hallucinations, which were quickly

followed by more vivid hallucinations. By the cond and third day, they

were so dehydrated that they stopped sweating altogether. Finally, on

the fourth day, a Bedouin on a camel discovered them and

[26]administered a native rehydration treatment that saved their

lives. The near brush with

death would figure prominently in his 1939 memoir, Wind, Sand and

Stars, winner of veral

awards. Saint-Exupéry's classic novella The Little Prince, which

begins with a pilot being

marooned in the dert, is, in part, a reference to this experience.

American and Canadian sojourn and The Little Prince

Main article: The Little Prince

Two editions of The Little Prince(lower left and upper right,

artwork not shown) on display at the Saint-Exupéry exhibit at the Air

and Space Muum in Paris, France. Also, upper left: Lettre

(Letter to a Hostage), and bottom right: Pilote de guerre (English

version: Flight to à un otage

). Arras

Saint-Exupéry continued to write until the spring of 1943, when he

left the United States with American troops bound for North Africa in

World War II. During the war, he initially flew a Bloch MB.174 with the

GR II/33 reconnaissance squadron of the Armée de l'Air. After

France's 1940 armistice with Germany, he voyaged to North America,

escaping through

Portugal and arriving in New York on the last day of 1940 with the

intention of convincing

[29]the U.S. to enter the conflict against Nazi Germany quickly. On

14 January 1941, at a Hotel

Astor author luncheon attended by approximately 1,500, he belatedly

received his National

Book Award for Wind, Sand and Stars, won a year earlier while he was

occupied witnessing

[30]thedestruction of the French Army. Consuelo followed him to New

York veral months later after a chaotic migration to the southern

French town of Oppède, where she lived in an

artist's commune, the basis of her autobiography, Kingdom of the

Rocks: Memories of

[31][32]. Oppède

Between January 1941 and April 1943, the Saint-Exupérys lived in New

York City's Central

[33]Park South in twin penthou apartments, as well as The Bevin

Hou mansion in

[34]Asharoken on Long Island, New York and a townhou on Beekman

Place inManhattan.

Some rearchers have implied that during his stay in the United

States, Saint-Exupéry

became intimate with Anne Morrow Lindbergh, wife of the famous

American aviator Charles

Lindbergh. Ironically, while his intention was to convince the U.S.

Government of the need to

fight fascism, both Anne and her husband Charles were strongly

advocating against American intervention in the European war. Anne wrote

a 41-page booklet, The Wave of the

, in support of her husband, who was lobbying for a U.S.–German

peace treaty similar Future

to Stalin's treaty with Hitler. The Roovelt administration

subquently attacked The Wave

as "the bible of every American Nazi, Fascist, Bundist and Appear",

and the of the Future

[35]booklet became one of the most despid writings of the period.

With further irony, Saint-Exupéry and Charles Lindbergh both became

P-38 pilots during

[36]World War II, with a disgraced Lindbergh fighting

surreptitiously in thePacific War, and

[37]with Saint-Exupéry fighting and dying very publicly over the

Mediterranean.

It was after Saint-Exupéry's arrival in the United States that the

author adopted the hyphen

[3]within his surname, as he was annoyed with Americans addressing

him as "Mr. Exupéry". It

was also during this period that he authored Pilote de guerre

(Flight to Arras, which earned )

widespread acclaim, and Lettre à un otage(Letter to a Hostage),

dedicated to the 40 million

French living under Nazi oppression, plus numerous shorter pieces in

support of France. The Saint-Exupérys also resided in Quebec City,

Canada for veral weeks during the late spring

of 1942, during which time they met a precocious eight-year-old boy

with blond curly hair, Thomas, the son of philosopher Charles De Koninck,

with whom the Saint-Exupérys

[38][39][Note 7]resided.

After he returned from his stay in Quebec, which had been wrought

with illness and stress, the French wife of one of his publishers helped

convince Saint-Exupéry to produce a

[40]children's book, hoping to calm his nerves and also compete with

the new ries of Mary

stories by P. L. Travers. Saint-Exupéry wrote and illustrated The

Little Prince in New Poppins

York City and the villiage of Asharoken in mid-to-late 1942, with

the manuscript being

[38]completed in would be first published months later in

early 1943 in both English and French, but only in the United States,

and would later appear in his native homeland posthumously, after the

liberation of France