英语人称代词、物主代词、反身代词讲解

2023年12月21日发(作者：假虞灭虢)

英语人称代词、物主代词、反身代词

英语人称代词、物主代词、反身代词总表：

人称代词

数

人称

第一人称

第二人称

单数

第三人称

我

你

他

她

它

第一人称

复数

第二人称

我们

你们

主格

I

you

he

she

it

we

you

宾格

me

you

him

her

it

us

you

them

形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词

my

your

his

her

its

our

your

their

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

yours

theirs

反身代词

mylf

yourlf

himlf

herlf

itlf

ourlves

yourlves

themlves

物主代词

第三人称 他们、她们、它们 they

人称代词：

要讲英语人称代词，咱们先要知道什么叫代词。代词(pronoun)是指代或替代名词或名词词组的词类，包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词。

表格（1）

人称代词

数

人称

第一人称

第二人称

单

他

数

第三人称 她

它

复

数

第一人称

第二人称

我们

你们

She

It

We

You

her

it

us

you

He him

我

你

主格

I

You

宾格

me

you

第三人称

表格（2）

他们

They their

人称

主格

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

I

you

he

she

it

单数

宾格

me

you

him

her

it

主格

we

you

they

复数

宾格

us

you

them

人称代词里的主格放在名首做主语和表语，宾格放在句末或名中做动词和介词的宾语。打个比方，主人邀请宾客，主格就像主人，宾格就像宾客。主格在动词前面，宾格在动词或介词后面。

1. 人称一致

人称代词作主语通常要与随后的动词保持人称的一致。例如：

I am a teacher.

You are a student.

He is a doctor.

She is a nur.

It is a computer.

2．数的一致

人称代词应与它的先行项在单、复数形式上保持一致。例如：

Jenny is a nur. She works at our school clinic.

Here are a few TV ts for sale. They are all make in Japan.

You, Mike and Andy have finished your work. You can go.

3．性的一致

单数第三人称代词有阳性、阴性和中性之分，它们的使用决定于所指对象的自然性别。

John didn’t find us, so he left.

Jane hasn’t been back, so we are waiting for her.

That va is valuable. It is more than 300 years old.

如果是类指，则代词和物主限定词可用he/his:

A teacher should offer his students challenging projects.

5．格的选择

人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，表示“所有”用属格。

I teach him Chine.

He teaches me English.

This is my bag, that one is yours.

人称代词在介词之后常用宾格：

I brought some story books for them.

They are talking about me.

Most of us like learning English.

人称代词在动词be之后常用宾格：

Who is it?-It’s me.

If I were him, I would not do that thing.

★ It 可以有许多用法，表示：

a. 某样东西：Where’s my map? I left it on the table.

b. 抽象事物：You saved my life. I shall never forget it.

c. 不知性别的孩子：What a beautiful baby!—Is it a boy?

d. 某种感觉或情况：Where does it hurt? How is it going with you?

e. 是谁：Who is it(that)?—It’t me.

f. 时间、日期等：What time is it ? –It’s eight o’clock.

g. 天气、环境：It’s raining.

h. 距离等：How far is it to New York? --It is 800 kilometers.

例句：

1、I 和me.

我是一名学生。 __I___ am a student.

妈妈喜欢我。 Mother likes ___me___.

2、We 和 us.

我们是中国人。 ____We___ are Chine.

父母爱我们。 Parents love __us____.

3、you 人称代词最容易记住的。（你能翻译下列句子吗？试一试！）

你是一名学生。 You are a student. 我喜欢你。 I love you.

你们是学生。 You are students 我爱你们。 I love you.

4、你能推出she 和 her的位置吗？

她是一名护士。 __She____ is a nur.

你能帮助她。 You can help _her_____.

5、He和 him

他是我的朋友。____He__ is my friends. (想想用he还是him呢？)

我想和他一起玩。I want to play with ____him__.

6、it 的用法。

-Where is my car?

-___It__ is over there.

指天气 It is raining outside.

指气候 It is cold in Harbin.

指时间 -What time is it ?

-It’s six o’clock.

7、they和 them.

______They_ are listening to the radio.

There are some cats, I like _them____ very much.

物主代词

物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词：

数 单数 复数

人称

第一 第二 第三 第一 第二人第三

类别

人称 人称 人称 人称 称 人称

形容词性物主my your his her its our your their

代词

名词性物主代mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

词

形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词

而名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs则相单于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：

Is this your book?

No，it isn’t, it’s hers.(her book)

The are my books. The books are mine.

This is my cup. Yours is the blue one.

My husband’s father is a doctor. Mine is a lawyer.

★名词性物主代词可用于“双重所有格”结构：

My sister makes friends wherever she goes. Jack is just a friend of hers.

★ Yours 常常写在信末：

Yours faithfully, yours truly, yours sincerely, yours, yours ever

例句：

你知道形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别吗？

1、.形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用在名词前。

This is my book. 这是我的书。

We love our motherland. 我们热爱我们的祖国。

2、名词性物主代词起名词的作用。

Look at the two pencils. The red one is yours and the blue one is mine.

看那两支铅笔，红的是你的，蓝的是我的。

He likes my pen. He doesn't like hers.

他喜欢我的钢笔。不喜欢她的。

3、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词

反身代词典型用法例举

反身代词在中学英语中的用法极其灵活，搭配频频出现，为帮助同学们复习和积累，特将中学英语中出现的反身代词用法归纳如下：

1． 用以加强语气，表示亲自。

If one wants knowledge of a skill, one must take part in it onelf.

He went there himlf the day before yesterday.

2. 与典型介词搭配，构成固定短语，表达特定含义。

1) (all) by onelf 单独地

When I was young, I had to make a living all by mylf.

Would you go there by yourlf?

2) to onelf 独自享用

When he eats in a restaurant, he likes a table to himlf.

3) for onelf 为自己；独自

One shouldn’t live for himlf alone.

You must find it out for yourlf.

4) of onelf自动地

The door opened of itlf.

5) between ourlves私下里

Just between ourlves, I don’t think much of him.

6) in onelf本身

The materials in themlves were not poisonous.

7) beside onelf喜怒时发狂

She was beside herlf with joy.

8) by itlf自然地

The machine will start by itlf in a few conds.

3. 与典型动词搭配，构成固定短语。

1) be not onelf身体不好

I’m not quite mylf today.(I’m unwell.)

2) enjoy onelf玩得很痛快

3) help onelf to sth. 随便吃

Plea help yourlf to some fish.

4) teach onelf sth.自学

When he was young, he taught himlf advanced mathematics.

5) accustom onelf to 习惯于

He quickly accustomed himlf to this new way of life.

6) devote onelf to致力于

I am determined to devote mylf to the cau of education.

7) adapt onelf to适应

She quickly adapted herlf to the new climate.

8) adjust onelf to调整；适应

The body quickly adjusts itlf to changes in temperature.

9) behave onelf举止得体

Plea behave yourlves.

10) dress onelf穿衣服

He is too young to dress himlf.

11) at onelf就坐

He ated himlf in the chair and began to read the novel.

12) make onelf heard / understood / en / known / believed让自己被（别人）听见/听懂/看见/认识/相信

He raid his voice to make himlf heard by all.

13) find onelf无意识中发现自己

At last, we found ourlves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and sat down

to eat our picnic lunch.

14) express onelf清楚表达自己的意思

He is still unable to express himlf in English.

15) talk to onelf自言自语

16) come to onelf 苏醒