水产词汇-汇总

2023年12月4日发(作者：英文短篇小说)

biological invasionˌ[ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl ɪnˈveʒən]

生物入侵

Global Aquaculture Education全球水产养殖教育 aquaculture水产养殖

Cage culture[kedʒˈkʌltʃɚ]网箱养鱼 Lobster[ˈlɑbstɚ] 龙虾

Life History生活史 Blue Crab [blu kræb] 三疣梭子蟹；蓝蟹；青蟹

channel catfish斑点叉尾鮰 biodiversity[ˌbaɪodɪˈvɚrsɪti]生物多样

shrimp [ʃrɪmp] 虾；小虾 shellfish贝类 algae[ˈældʒi] 藻类

aquatic plant[əˈkwætɪk plænt] 水生植物 freshwater淡水 pond池塘

pearl珍珠 mortality[mɔrˈtælɪti] 死亡率reproduction繁殖

mollusc[ˈmɑləsk] 软体动物 crustacean [krʌˈsteʃən] 两栖动物clam[klæm] 蛤

oyster[ˈɔɪstɚ] 牡蛎 abalone[ˌæbəˈloni] 鲍鱼 scallop[ˈskɑləp] 扇贝

amphibian[æmˈfɪbiən]两栖动物crayfish [ˈkreˌfɪʃ] 小龙虾 reptile [ˈrɛptɪl, -ˌtaɪl] 爬行动物breeding繁殖；饲养 afood海鲜 catfish鲶鱼 trout [traʊt] 鳟鱼，鲑鱼dissolved oxygen溶解氧

Spawn[spɔn]产卵 Mate配对 Sponge [spʌndʒ] 海绵 molt[molt]脱皮 predator['prɛdətɚ] 捕食者Distribution分布 Mature成熟的 embryo['ɛmbrɪo]胚胎 Animal protein['protin]动物蛋白

Fishmeal鱼粉 Capture fisherie捕捞渔业Fisheries resources渔业资源

starfish海星 packets of sperm[spɝm] 数包精子 planktonic[,plæŋk'tɔnik] 浮游生物Hatchling['hætʃlɪŋ]

人工孵化 King Crab, Red King Crab皇帝蟹 Fishery渔业Enhancement[in'hænsmənt]增加

Symposium[sɪm'pozɪəm]讨论会 Workshop车间 forum['fɔrəm]论坛small scale/large scale experiment小范围/大型实验 broodstock cultivation 亲鱼培育

Air stone气泡石 Flow through溢流道 Larval/larve['lɑrvəl]幼虫Artemia卤虫 Larval diet幼虫饮食 Hatchery['hætʃəri]孵化器

larve/fry/fingerling/ Juvenile['dʒʊvənaɪl]幼虫（体） diatom['daɪətəm]硅藻nutrition enrichment[njuˈtrɪʃn]营养强化survial生存dry weight干重 duration[du'reʃən] of experiment实验持续时间Vibrio ['vɪbrɪ,o] bacteria弧菌fatty acid /protein['protin]/amino acid[ə,mi:nəu 'æsid] 脂肪酸/蛋白质/氨基酸

Pond culture池塘养殖Aquaculture modes水产养殖模式“Eight Words” Water,Seeds, Feeds, Density，Polyculture混养, Rotation[ro'teʃən] 轮流, Dia[dɪ'ziz]疾病 Management，

paddy ['pædɪ]cuture稻田养殖 Silver carp 鲢鱼Bighead carp 鳙鱼 Grass carp草鱼 Black carp青鱼Common carp鲤鱼Crucian carp鲫鱼 Blunt snout bream武昌鱼（团头鲂）

Mud [mʌd]carp鲮鱼Mandarin['mændərɪn] fish鳜鱼Japane eel日本鳗鲡

River crab河蟹；大闸蟹 Chine mitten['mɪtn] crab中华绒蝥蟹

Japane prawn[prɔn]日本对虾 Tilapia[tə'lɑpiə] 罗非鱼Rainbow trout[traʊt]虹鳟

Largemouth bass['lɑ:dʒmauθbes]大嘴鲈鱼 Giant tiger prawn 草虾

giant river prawn 罗氏沼虾 Penaeus monodon Giant tiger prawn 斑节对虾

Kelp海带 White leg shrimp白对虾 Litopenaeus vannamei凡纳滨对虾

Litopenaeus vannamei Boone 对虾 Big yellow croaker['krokɚ]大黄鱼

Perch[pɝtʃ] 鲈鱼 turbot['tɝbət]大比目鱼 Intensive [ɪn'tɛnsɪv] culture集约化养殖

Extensive [ɪk'stɛnsɪv] culture粗养 formulate['fɔrmjə'let] feed配合饲料

water quality ['kwɑləti] management水质管理 optimal['ɑptəml] temperature最适温度

Sexual maturity['sɛʃʊəl mə'tʃʊrəti]性成熟 Food Habits食性Spawning time['spɔ:niŋ] 产卵期powdered

feed粉状饲料 pelleted ['pɛlɪtɪd]feed颗粒饲料 Stocking density放养密度

Raft筏 Loach[lotʃ] 泥鳅Tuna['tunə]金枪鱼Seed collector集卵器Shell[ʃɛl]贝壳

Water temperature['tɛmprətʃɚ]水温 Yellow tail[tel]黄尾袋鼠 Experimental station试验站

Suitable feed合适的饲料 Man-made shelter['ʃɛltɚ]人工海礁

In diameter[daɪ'æmɪtɚ]/width/depth直径/宽度/深度 Salmon['sæmən]大马哈鱼

Conrve/conrvation保存/保护 Young fish幼鱼Artificial fertilize[,ɑrtɪ'fɪʃl 'fɝtəlaɪz]人工受精

Life cycle生命周期 species物种 Basic rearch基础研究Hatch/hatching孵化

Migratory ['maɪɡrətɔri]fish 洄游鱼类Coastal ['kostl] waters沿海水域Large scale大规模的

Penaeus monodon斑节对虾 Giant tiger prawn草虾 grass prawn草虾 Mangrove['mæŋɡrov] 红树林omnivorous [ɑm'nɪvərəs]杂食的 herbivory [hə:'bivəri]草食性 carnivorous[kɑrˈnɪvərəs]肉食性的Fertilization[,fɝtlə'zeʃən]受精nauplius['nɔpliəs]无节幼体 Protozoea[ˌproʊtə'zəʊə]蚤状幼体 mysis['maisis]糠虾；糠虾幼体；糠虾期metamorpho[,mɛtə'mɔrfoz] 变态 salinity[sə'lɪnəti]盐度 milkfish虱目鱼 Eel鳗鱼

Estuary['ɛstʃʊ'ɛri]河口 Anguilla anguilla[æŋ'ɡwilə]欧洲鳗鲡

anguilla japonica[dʒə'pɑnɪkə]日本鳗鲡 Glass eel 玻璃鳗 Yellow eel黄鳗 silver eel银鳗

Recirculating Aquaculture System再循环水产养殖系统recirculating/recirculation system再循环/再循环系统 progeny['prɑdʒəni] 后代 Secondary['sɛkəndɛri]次要的 Grow-out养殖出来Fingerling['fɪŋgɚ,lɪŋ]小鱼 Selective [sɪ'lɛktɪv]harvest选择性收获Secondary species/Main species主要/次要物种的物种 Organic fertilizer[ɔr'gænɪk 'fɝtəlaɪzɚ]有机肥料 Marketable size市场规格Culture period培养期 Fertility生育能力 Water body水体 Stocking size放养规格 Murray cod['mʌri;]虫纹石斑鱼

golden perch[pɝtʃ]黄金鲈 silver perch银鲈 offspring ['ɔfsprɪŋ]子代 survival rate[ret]存活率

scale规模handling处理 capture捕获 oxygenation[,ɑksədʒə'neʃən]氧化作用 parasite['pærəsaɪt]寄生虫 formalin['fɔrməlɪn] 福尔马林 antibiotics[,æntɪbaɪ'ɑtɪks]抗生素 methylene ['mɛθɪlɪn]blue美蓝 malachite green['mæləkaɪt]孔雀石绿 fungal['fʌŋɡl] 真菌 heal治愈 yolk sac[sæk]卵黄囊 Mm(millimeter)毫米Cm(centimeter)厘米 µm(micrometer)测微计 Aquatic Dias水生疾病

Stress压力 Chemical Stressor['strɛsɚ]化学压力源Biological stressor生物压力源 Microorganism微生物 Population[,pɑpju'leʃən] density种群密度 Physical stressor物理压力 Procedural stressor程序上的压力 Pathogen ['pæθədʒən]病原体；病菌 immunity[ɪ'mjʊnəti] 免疫力 Mucus['mjukəs]粘液 Inflammation['ɪnflə'meʃən]炎症Antibody['æntɪ'bɑdi]抗体 sodium['sodɪəm] 钠 potassium[pə'tæsɪəm]钾chloride['klɔraɪd]氯dehydration[,dihaɪ'dreʃən] 脱水Sanitation[,sænɪ'teʃən] 环境卫生

Nitrogenous [naɪ'trɑdʒənəs]含氮的organic debris[də'bri] 有机残骸 Disinfect['dɪsɪn'fɛkt]消毒Infectious传染性Parasitic[,pærə'sɪtɪk]/parasite寄生/寄生虫 Protozoa[,protə'zoə] 原生动物

Proteins['protiɪn]蛋白质Lipids['lipidz]脂类

Carbohydrate[,kɑrbo'haɪdret]碳水化合物

Vitamins维生素

Minerals['mɪnərəl]矿物质Attractants[ə'træktənt]剂

plant protein植物蛋白

animal protein动物蛋白 crude protein粗蛋白Esntial[ɪ'sɛnʃl] amino[ə'mino] acids['æsɪd]必需氨基酸

Methionine[mɛ'θaɪənin]蛋氨酸

lysine['laɪsɪn]

赖氨酸Esntial fatty acids必需脂肪酸

chloroform['klɔrəfɔrm]/methanol['mɛθənɔl]

氯仿/甲醇high unsaturated[ʌn'sætʃə'retɪd] fatty acids (HUFA)高不饱和脂肪酸 Energy代谢能

Digestible[daɪ'dʒstəbl] Energy可消化能 Feed

Conversion[kən'vɝʒn] Ratio[reʃɪo](FCR)饲料转化率

Polyculture of bighead carp in ponds and pens

In China, bighead carps are usually cultured as condary species together with other carp species. The

grow-out stocking density is 750-1500/ha of 13-15 cm fingerlings. If lective harvesting is to be practiced,

a certain proportion of larger sized fish (up to 250 g) is also stocked. There is no special feeding/fertilization

required for bighead when herbivorous and omnivorous fish are cultured as the main species. However, organic fertilizer is usually applied to rai natural food if bighead and silver carp are cultured as major

species. The fish can reach marketable size (750-1500 g) within 8-10 months in China. The culture period

may be much shorter in tropical and subtropical areas. The yield of bighead carp is usually 500-1000 kg/ha,

which accounts for 10-15% of the total production.

In Vietnam, bighead grow-out is conducted through polyculture with other species, such as grass carp,

silver carp, rohu, mrigala, common carp and tilapia. Bighead carp is stocked as a minor species in the ponds,

usually accounting for 3-5% of the total. However, bighead carp usually account for 5-7% of the total

production. No special feeding for bighead carp is practid. The market size of bighead carp is 2.5-3 kg.

Extensive culture in small lakes and rervoirs

In this system, bighead carp are usually stocked as the major species, with a stocking density of

150-750/ha, depending on the size and fertility of the water body. This level reprents about 40-50% of the

total number of fish stocked. The stocking size is usually 13-15 cm. A small percentage of large fingerlings

(up to 250 g) is also stocked for lective harvesting to fully utilize the water and the available natural food.

Neither feed nor fertilizer is ud in this form of rearing. The production of bighead can reach 150-400 kg/ha,

which accounts for 40-60% of total production.

池塘和网拦鳙鱼的混养

在中国，鳙鱼与其他鲤科鱼类通常作为次要种类。养成的放养密度为13〜15厘米的鱼种750-1500/ha 。如果选择性收获要按照大规格鱼（到250克）按一定比例再放养。草食性和杂食性鱼类作为主要的养殖种类没有特别投饲/施肥。然而如果鳙鱼和鲢鱼作为主养种类，施有机肥通常适用于提高天然饵料。在中国这种鱼可以8-10个月达到上市规格（750-1500克）。饲养期可能会比热带和亚热带地区短得多。鳙鱼产量通常为500-1000公斤/公顷，占总产量的10-15 ％ 。

在越南，鳙鱼养成通过与其他品种混养，如草鱼，鲢鱼，南亚野鲮，印鲮，鲤鱼和罗非鱼。鳙鱼在池塘作为次要种类，通常占总量的3-5％ 。然而，鳙鱼通常占5-7 ％的总生产。不对鳙鱼做特别的投饲。市场规格为2.5-3公斤。

小型湖泊和水库粗养

在这个系统中，鳙鱼通常放养为主要品种，根据水体的大小和生育能力放养密度150-750/ha。这个级别代表约40-50 ％的鱼放养总数。放养规格一般为13-15厘米。一部分（超过250克）大型苗种也选择性放养和捕捞，以充分利用水体和天然饵料。无论是使用饲料和肥料养殖的那种类型。鳙鱼产量都能达到150-400公斤/公顷，占总产量的40-60 ％ 。

WORLD REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

Fisheries resources: trends in production,utilization and trade

OVERVIEW

Global production from capture fisheries and aquaculture supplied about 101 million tonnes of food

fish in 2002, providing an apparent per capita supply of 16.2 kg (live weight equivalent), with aquaculture

accounting for the growth in per capita supply since 2000. Outside China, the world’s population has been

increasing more quickly than the total food fish supply; as a result the average per capita fish supply outside China declined from 14.6 kg in 1987 to 13.2 kg in 1992 and has since remained stable. Overall, fish

provided more than 2.6 billion people with at least 20 percent of their average per capita animal protein

intake. The share of fish proteins in total world animal protein supplies grew from 14.9 percent in 1992 to a

peak of 16.0 percent in 1996 and remained clo to that level (15.9 percent) in 2001.

Preliminary estimates for 2003 bad on reporting by some major fishing countries indicate that total

world fishery production decread slightly (–1 percent) compared with 2002. However, the total amount of

fish available for human consumption incread to 103 million tonnes and, on average, the per capita supply

was maintained. The decrea in capture fisheries resulting from the contraction of reduction fisheries in

some major fishmeal-producing countries was partly compensated for by increas in other food fisheries

and aquaculture.

China remains by far the largest producer, with reported fisheries production of 44.3 million tonnes in

2002 (16.6 and 27.7 million tonnes from capture fisheries and aquaculture, respectively), providing an

estimated domestic food supply of 27.7 kg per capita as well as production for export and non-food purpos.

However, there are continued indications that capture fisheries and aquaculture production statistics for

China may be too high, as indicated in The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002,1 and that this

problem has existed since the early 1990s. Becau of the importance of China and the uncertainty about its

production statistics, China, as in previous issues of this report, is generally discusd parately from the

rest of the world. Source：FAO,

回顾世界渔业和水产养殖

渔业资源：在生产，利用和贸易趋势

概述

在2002年全球生产供应捕捞和养殖约1.1亿吨的食用鱼，、人均供应16.2千克（活体等重） ，自从2000年以来养殖占人均供应量在增长。中国境外，世界人口增长比总食用鱼供应量更迅速，其结果，中国人均鱼供应量从1987年14.6公斤下降到1992年13.2公斤，一直以来保持稳定。总体而言，鱼类提供了260亿人至少超过有20％的动物蛋白摄入量。鱼蛋白占世界动物蛋白供应份额从1992年的14.9％增长到1996年16.0％的高峰，并在2001年仍接近这一水平（ 15.9％ ） 。

根据2003年一些主要捕捞国家报告的初步估计显示，世界渔业产量与2002年相比略有下降（-1 ％）。然而，鱼类平均供人类消费的总量增加至1.03亿吨，人均供应量保持不变。一些主要的鱼粉生产国在减少，导致捕捞渔业的萎缩，减少的部分由增加其他食品渔业和水产养殖补偿。

目前中国仍然是最大的生产国，据报道2002年渔业产量4430万吨，（捕捞1660万吨，养殖2770万吨） ，相当于供应了国内人均粮食27.7公斤，用于生产出口和非食品用途。不过，在2002,1《世界渔业和水产养殖》有迹象表明，中国捕捞渔业和水产养殖产量统计可能过高，自上世纪90年代初这个问题一直存在。由于中国的重要性，以及有关其生产统计的不确定性，中国作为本报告的前几期，一般是独立于世界其他地方讨论。资料来源：粮农组织，《2004年世界渔业和水产养殖状态》