英国文学名词解释

2024年3月25日发(作者：唐山大地震观后感)

英国文学名词解释

ROMANTICISM浪漫主义: It was prevalent during the first

third of the nineteenth century (about 1800-1830). Romanticism

rejected the earlier philosophy of the Enlightenment, which

stresd that logic and reason were the best respon humans

had in the face of cruelty, stupidity, superstition, and barbarism.

Instead, the Romantics asrted that reliance upon emotion and

natural passions provided a valid and powerful means of

knowing and a reliable guide to ethics and living. The Romantic

Movement typically asrts the unique nature of the individual,

the privileged status of imagination and fancy, the value of

spontaneity over "artifice" and "convention," the human need for

emotional outlets, the rejection of civilized corruption, and a

desire to return to natural primitivism and escape the spiritual

destruction of urban life. Their writings often are t in rural,

pastoral or Gothic ttings and they show an obssive concern

with "innocent" characters--children, young lovers, and animals.

The major Romantic poets included William Blake, William

Wordsworth, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Gordon

Byron. Contrast with Enlightenment.

RENAISSANCE文艺复兴: The term originally described a

period of cultural, technological, and artistic vitality during the

economic expansion in Britain in the late 1500s and early 1600s.

Thinkers at this time and later saw themlves as rediscovering

and redistributing the legacy of classical Greco-Roman culture by

renewing forgotten studies and artistic practices, hence the name

"renaissance" or "rebirth." They believed they were breaking with

the days of "ignorance" and "superstition" reprented by recent

medieval thinking, and returning to a golden age akin to that of

the ancient Greeks and Romans from centuries earlier--a cultural

idea that will eventually culminate in the Enlightenment of the

late 1600s up until about 1799 or so. The Renaissance saw the

ri of new poetic forms in the sonnet and a flowering of drama

in the plays of Shakespeare, Jonson, and Marlowe.

ROMANCE浪漫: In medieval u, romance referred to

episodic French and German poetry dealing with chivalry and the

adventures of knights in warfare as they rescue fair maidens and

confront supernatural challenges. The medieval metrical

romances rembled the earlier chansons de gestes and epics.

However, unlike the Greek and Roman epics, medieval romances

reprent not a heroic age of tribal wars, but a courtly or chivalric

period of history involving highly developed manners and civility.

Their standard plot involves a single knight eking to win a

scornful lady's favor by undertaking a dangerous quest. Along

the way, this knight encounters mysterious hermits, confronts evil

blackguards and brigands, slays monsters and dragons,

competes anonymously in tournaments, and suffers from

wounds, starvation, deprivation, and exposure in the wilderness.

Medieval romances often focus on the supernatural. In the

classical epic, supernatural events originate in the will and actions

of the gods. However, in cular medieval romance, the

supernatural originates in magic, spells, enchantments, and fairy

trickery. Divine miracles are less frequent, but are always Christian

in origin when they do occur, involving relics and angelic

visitations. A condary concern is courtly love and the

proprieties of aristocratic courtship--especially the

conquences of arranged marriage and adultery.

Enlightenment:启蒙运动the philosophical and artistic

movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until