英国文学史名词解释

2024年3月25日发(作者：我们仨摘抄)

1. Ballad(民谣)

A ballad originally is a song intended as an accompaniment to a dance or a

popular song. In the relatively recent n, now most widely ud, a ballad is a

single, spirited poem in short stanzas, in which some popular story is graphically

narrated. The ingredients of ballads usually include a refrain, stock descriptive

phras, and simple, ter dialogue.

2. Alliteration(头韵)

It refers to a repeated initial consonant to successive words and it is the most

striking feature in its poetic form. In alliterative ver, certain accented words in a

line begin with the same consonant sound. There are generally 4 accents in a line,

three of which show alliteration, and it is the initial sound of the third accented

syllable that normally determiners the alliteration. In old English ver, alliteration

is not an unusual or expressive phenomenon but a regular recurring structural

feature of the ver.

3. Sonnet (十四行诗)

It is a poem of 14 lines (of 11 syllables in Italian and 10 in English), typically in

rhymed iambic pentameter. Sonnets characteristically express a single theme or

idea.

The sonnet was introduced to England by Sir T. Wyatt and developed Henry

Howard (Earl of Surrey) and was thereafter widely ud notably in the sonnet

quences of Shakespeare, Sidney, and Spenr.

4. Tragedy(悲剧)

The word is applied broadly to dramatic works in which events move to a fatal

or disastrous conclusion. It is concerned with the harshness and apparent injustice

of life. Often the hero falls from power and his eventual death leads to the

downfall of others. The tragic action arous feelings of awe in the audience.

5. Lyric(抒情诗)

As a genre, it was the tradition of popular song flourishing in all the medieval

literatures of Western Europe. In England lyric poems flourished in the Middle

English period, and in the 16

th

century, heyday of humanism. This tradition was

enriched by the direct imitation of ancient models. During the next 200 years the

links between poetry and music was gradually broken, and the term “lyric” came

to be applied to short poems expressive of a poet’s thoughts or feelings.

6. Epic(史诗)

It is a poem that celebrates in the form of a continuous narrative the

achievements of one or more heroic personages of history or tradition. Among the

great epics of the world may be mentioned the

Iliad, Odysy, Aeneid,

and

Paradi Lost.

7. Renaissance(文艺复兴)

The word “renaissance” means rebirth or revival. It is commonly applied to

the movement or period of great flowering of art, architecture, politics, and the

study of literature, usually en as the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning

of the Modern worn world. It came about under the influence of Greek and Roman

models. It began in Italy in the late 14th century, reached the highest development

in the early 16th century, and spread to the rest of Europe in the 15th century and

afterwards. Its emphasis was humanist: that is , on regarding the human figure and

reason without a necessary relating of it to the superhuman.

8. Enlightenment(启蒙运动)

Enlightenment also called the neoclassic movement. It refers to the

philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and

continuing until the 19th century. The term is generally ud to describe the

philosophical, scientific, and rational spirit, the freedom from superstition, the

skepticism and faith in religious tolerance of much of 18th-century Europe. Te

Enlightenment writers would u satire to ridicule the illogical errors in

government, social custom, and religious belief. This period’s poetry in England

was typified by Alexander Pope, John Dryden and others.

9. Classicism(古典主义)

The term, when applied generally, means clearness, elegance, symmetry, and