2024年3月25日发(作者:种树过程)
1 The Enlightenment(启蒙运动): The Enlightenment was an intellectual
movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the
ruling and intellectual class of Europ e and North America in the cond half of
the 18th century. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to u
critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression
by Church or State. Therefore, the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of
Reason
2 American Dream(美国梦): It is the faith held by many in the United States of
America that through hard work, courage, and determination one can achieve a
better life for onelf, usually through financial prosperity. The were values held by
many early European ttlers, and have been pasd on to subquent generations.
Nowadays the American Dream has led to an emphasis on material wealth as
measure of success or happiness
3. Transcendentalism (超验主义、先验主义) : It was a group of new ideas in
literature, religion, culture and philosophy that emerged in New England in the
middle 19th century. It began as a protest against the general state of culture and
society. Among transcendentalist’s core beliefs was an ideal spiritual state that
“transcends” the physical and empirical(以观察或实验为依据的) and is only realized
through the individual’s intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established
religions. Prominent transcendentalists included Ralph Waldo Emerson(爱默生),
Henry David Thoreau(梭罗), Walt Whitman(惠特曼), etc. It is a kind of philosophy
that stress belief in transcendental things and the importance
of spiritual rather than material existence. (相信超凡的事物,认为精神存在比物质
存在更重要).
4. American Puritanism: It is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. The
Puritans were originally members of a division of the Puritan Church. The first
ttlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few
of them. They were a group of rious, religious people, advocating highly religious
and moral principles. As the word itlf hints, Puritans wanted to purity their
religious beliefs and practices. They accepted the doctrine of predestination宿命论,
original sin and total depravity性恶说, and limited atonement 有限的救赎 through a
special infusion 浸渍 of grace from God. As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have
a profound influence on the early American mind.
:It is the writing technique of using symbols. It’s a literary movement that
aro in France in the last half of the 19th century and that greatly influenced
many English writer, particularly poets, of the 20th century. It enables poets to
compress a very complex idea or t of ideas into one image or even one word. It’
s one of the most powerful devices that
poets employ in creation.
novel is a type of romance very popular late in the 18th century and at the
beginning of the 19th novel emphasizes things which are grotesque怪异的,
violent, mysterious, supernatural,desolate 荒凉 and horrifying. Gothic, originally
in the n of “medic医学,not classical”,with its descriptions of the dark,
irrational side of human nature,Gothic novel has exerted a great influence over the
writers of the Romantic period.
8 Imagism: it’s a poetic movement of England and the flourished from 1909
to 1917. The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct
treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording. The leaders of this
movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell艾米•洛威尔.
8. Imagism: It came into being in Britain and around 1910 as a reaction to the
traditional English poetry to express the n of fragmentation and dislocation.
The imagists, with Ezra Pound leading the way, hold that the most effective means
to express the momentary impressions is through the u of one dominant image.
Imagism is characterized by the following three poetic principles: direct treatment of
subject matter; economy of expression; as regards rhythm, to compo in the
quence of the musical phra, not in the quence of metronome节拍器. Pound’
s “In a Station of the Metro” is a well-known imagist poem.
9. Stream of Consciousness(意识流): It is a style ud in the prentation of the
character’s inner working of mind. The assumption is that an individual’s
psychological process are a continuous flow like a shifting, uninterrupted stream,
highly changeable and confusing, often appearing illogical and contrary to reason.
In tracing the stream of consciousness of an individual the writer may prent
interior monologue(内心独白) by his character, hint with symbols, rever(颠倒) the
order of time, and alternate(轮流的/交替的) recollections(回忆) with the prent
or sometime illusions(幻想) with given facts.
10. Point of view( 视角):It is a term referring to the vantage point (能观察某
事物的有利位置) or position from which a story is told. To identify(识别) the narrator
of a story is to identify the story’s point of view. Basically there are two narrative
ways: first-person point of view and the third-person
point of view.
12. The Harlem Renaissance: it was the first important movement in black
American literature. Immediately after the First World War, as a result of a massive
black migration to Northern cities, a group of young, talented black artists
congregated in Harlem, a predominantly black ction of New York City, and made it
the cultural, and intellectual capital of black America. They carried forward the
cultural traditions of their people and demonstrated their achievements to the white
society that habitually ignored them.
13. Expressionism 表现主义: it arou in German theater after World War I.
Delighting in bizarre (奇异的) stage design and exaggerated makeup and
costuming(服装), expressionists sought to reflect inten states of emotion. Its mode
is “the externalization(外表性) of the inner.”
humor: It is a combination of humor with rentment(怨恨), gloom, anger, and
despair. Seeing all that is unreasonable, hypocritical, ugly, and even frenzied(狂乱
的),writers of black humor nur a grievance(不平) against their society which,
according to them, is full of institutionalized(制度化的) absurdity. Yet they are cynical.
They laugh a morbid(病态的) laugh when facing the hideous(丑恶的). In hopeless
indignation(愤慨) they take up freezing irony and burning satire as their weapons.
Their novels are often in the form of anti-novel(反传统小说), devoid of(缺乏)
completeness of plot and characterized by fragmentation(零碎的) and dislocation
(混乱).
本文发布于:2024-03-25 10:42:23,感谢您对本站的认可!
本文链接:https://www.wtabcd.cn/zhishi/a/171133454359876.html
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。
本文word下载地址:美国文学名词解释.doc
本文 PDF 下载地址:美国文学名词解释.pdf
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论) |