2024年3月23日发(作者:什么之交)
英语音标发音规律-汉语标注
最主要的就是区分元音音素的/e/ /æ/ /∧/ /a:/ 。
第一个/e/嘴唇微张,急促地发声就可以了。
/æ/则嘴唇变扁,嘴巴咧开。
发/∧/ 则嘴唇稍稍张大,急促地发声【似“啊”】。
/a:/ 则嘴巴长到最大,声音放长就OK了。
/a:/ /כ/ /כ:/ /u/ /u:/ 。这五个从嘴唇的最大极限,嘴唇一直变小,到最后/u:/ 嘴巴就变到最小。
/m/ /n/ /ŋ/ 。从/m/开始,嘴巴闭上,舌尖顶住上颚,发出声音,气流从鼻子出来。
/n/,嘴巴微张,舌尖顶住上颚,发出声音,气流从鼻子出来。
/ŋ/ 则嘴巴张大,舌头向下卷,发出声音,气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴出来。
清辅音:/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /θ/ /∫/ /з/ /h/ /t∫/ /tr/ /ts/
浊辅音:/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /δ/ /з/ /r/ /dз/ /dr/ /dz/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /l/ /w/ /j/
浊音:/b//d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /δ/ /з/ /r/ /dз/ /dr/ /dz/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /l/ /w/ /j/ /i:/ /I/ /e/ /æ/ /3:/ /ə/
/∧/ /a:/ /כ/ /כ:/ /u:/ /u/ /eI/ /aI/ /כI/ /əu/ /au/ /Iə/ /εə/ /uə/
长元音:/i:/ /3:/ /a:/ /כ:/ /u:/ /eI/ /aI/ /כI/ /əu/ /au/ /Iə/ /εə/ /uə/
短元音:/I/ /e/ /æ/ /ə/ /∧/ /כ/ /u/
英语音标发音规律记忆口诀
英语音标表、字母表----- 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀
一、 用“胸腔辅助送力--口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母,
二、 大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
三、 [ ei / bi: /si: /di: / i: /ef /dVi: / eitF / ai / dVei / kei / el /em /en /Eu /pi://kju: /B: /es /ti: /ju:
/ vi: /dQblju: /eks /wai /zi:]
先观察以上字母的读音,然后,把含有共同元音因素的字母进行分类:
(1) [ei] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]
(2) [i:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]
(3) [ai] ___[ ] ___[ ]
(4) [Eu] ___[ ]
(5) [u:] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]
(6) [e] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ] ___[ ]
(7) [B:] ___[ ]
二
、
英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)的分类表
英 语 音 标(采用口腔后部发声法发音)
元
音
*
单
声
带
前元音:[i:/ I:] [i] [e] [A]
中元音:[Q] [E] [E: / :]
后元音:[B:] [C:] [C] [u:] [u]
发音特征
发
音
清
晰
[ai] [ei] [Ci] [iE] [ZE/ eE] [uE] [au] [Eu]
响
亮
发
[p][t][k] [f][s][W][F] [h] [tF][tr][ts]
音
含
[b][d][g] [v][z][T][V] [r] [dV][dr][dz]
[m][n][N] [l]/[l] [w][j ]
糊
晦
涩
[Wr]
气流受阻
元
振
音
动
气流通畅
母
双
振
音
元
动
音
辅
哑不
辅振
音
音 动
*
浊
子
振
辅
音 动
音
辅[pr][pl][br][bl][kr][kl][gr][gl][fr][fl][sn][sl][sk][sp][sw][dw][hw][kw][tw]
音[pju:][bju:][tju:][dju:][kju:][gju:][fju:][vju:][lju:][mju:][nju:][hju:][zju
1
连
缀
三、单词的音标怎么读。/与我们汉语拼音很相似)
拼读规则: 以元音为中心划分音节,按音节来拼读。
拼读口诀: 元音为中心,划分音节、按音节拼读;多音节加重音、多音节一重多轻发音,轻音节怎么轻怎么发音。重开
音节读长音,轻/闭音节读短音。
例子:he[hi:], name [neim], table[`teibl], bicycle[`baisikl], teacher[`ti:tFE], red, cap, and, thank,
basket, yellow, umbrella,
*****{详细内容见后面第五节(本材料第8页):五、音节划分。。。}
小测试:音标拼读练习。
[ai]+[E] →[aiE] [au]+ [E] → [auE] [h] +[iE]→ [hiE] [p]+[ZE] →[pZE] [t]+[Ci] →[tCi]
[ei]+[tF] → [eitF] [tF]+ [ei] →[tFei] [g] +[Eu]→[gEu] [k]+[au] →[kau] [sn]+[Eu]→[snEu]
[kl]+[B:]→[klB:]
[kl]+[B:]+[s]→[klB:s] [t]+[u:]+[W]→[tu:W] [br]+[au]+[n]→[braun] [r]+[Q]+[b]+[E]→[`rQbE]
[b] +[ B:]+[s]+[k]+[i]+[t]→[`bB:skit] [t]+[i:]+[tF]+[E]→[`ti:tFE]
[Q] +[m]+[br]+[e]+[l]+[E]→[Qm`brelE] [bai]+[si]+[kl]→[`baisikl] [brQ]+[TE]→[`brQTE]
四、英文字母和常见字母组合的发音规则(或一般规律):
1. 见字读音、音义结合。记住词形、服务拼写。第二步就是要
例1:知道字母组合ee一般发音是[i:] (规律), 那么,meet这个单词就脱口而出了。
词(词形): meet 义:遇见;初次见面/认识;满足迎合;迎接/出迎。[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标
例 2:词(词形):which 义:哪个,哪些[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标
例 3:词(词形):who 义:谁的?[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标
例 4:词(词形):pl ea 义:请,求你了[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标
2. 英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律:(要求熟记于心,脱口而出)
总口诀: 元音字母音多变,熟记规则也不难。辅音字母显易单,见面就把音来念。
字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。遇见生词找规律,划分音节顺口连,
元音字母在中间,辅音字母两边站,字母组合算一个,熟能生巧难亦简。
辅音字母发音小口诀 :辅音字母显易单,见面就把音来念。
b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s]; 例blue, table, Crisp, class, picture, actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,
d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green, egg, orange, garage
h [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连; her, here, his, jeep, Japan, book, look, blue, Klan class
m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r]; meet, am, no, green, thank, English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,
s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, who, plea, sure[F], usually[V], pleasure
x 发音剪头端,[ks]多于[gz]面; six, pencil-box, excu, exerci; exam, (后接重读元音)
t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念; eacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash, which, white
最后一个字母z,发好[z]音才算完。 zoo, zero, size, puzzle,
常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀: 字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。
wh发音 [h] 和 [w], wh ---[ ] which, white, what, where, when, why [ ] who, who, whole {*whew [hw-]}
th 常发 [W] 和 [T];th --- [ ] this, that, the, they, with [ ] thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventh
[pr]+[au] →[prau] [pl]+ [ei] →[plei] [gr]+[i:]→[gri:] [gl]+[u:]→[glu:]
ch/tch多发[tF],有时发音[F]或[k](t)ch--[ ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch cha(追赶,追击,追求),
[ ]ache, headache, chemist[ ] machine[mE`FEn],chai [Feiz] (带篷二轮马车)
gh ---[ ] right, light, daughter [ ] laugh, cough
gedge 多发[dV],ck发[k],kn [n];(d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥,稀饭)
ck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, back
kn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编织), knob(球
形把手, 旋钮),knack (诀窍), knight(骑士,武士;,
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing [ ] English, hungry
qu ---[ ] quick, quite(相当,十分), quiet (安静的,平静的), quarter, require,
2
sh[F],ph[f],gh 不发或发[f](词尾) sh --[ ]shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash ph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phra
[ ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一,独有独特的), technique(技巧),
wr 发卷趋 [r],wr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包,裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧,扭), wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞,扭)
双写分节不分音:miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母:e, zoo, book}
ts/tes ---[ ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my coats /shirts (我的上衣/衬衫), three
hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫), many streets(许多街道), two packets(两个包裹/两包..), some
prents/ sweets(一些礼物/糖果), two biscuits (两块饼干), a box of chocolates (一包巧克力糖), ten
minutes (十分钟), two gates (两扇大门), in my pockets (在我的口袋里), two lights /kites (两个灯 /风
筝), two nests (两个鸟巢/窝), two tea-pots (两个茶壶), some carrots (一些胡萝卜), What’s this? It’s
a pen. sits,
ds/des---[ ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/货物),
辅音连缀pr ---[ ] practice, prai, pray, press, price, proud,
pl---[ ] plea,play,plane,plan,place,plain,plenty(丰富,大量),pliers(钳子(如老虎钳,手钳,等),镊子),
plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插上),
br---[ ] brag(吹牛), brake (闸,刹车), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养), brown, bride(新
娘),bribe(贿赂, 向„行贿), brush
bl---[ ] black, bleed, blind, blou, blood, blue,
cr-/kr--[ ]crab(螃蟹),cradle(摇篮),cream,crop,cricket([昆]蟋蟀,[运动]板球)criticize(批评, 责备),
cry,cruel(残忍的), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宫),
cl-/kl--[ ]class,claim((根据权利)要求得到,认领,声称,主张,需要)clean,clear,clock,clo,click(发出滴答
声,单击n.滴答声),club(俱乐部), klaxon (高音喇叭/气笛, 电喇叭), Klan (=Ku Klux Klan)三K党)
gr---[ ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的,温文尔雅),green, great, grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧
伤), grin(露齿笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟(着说), gruffly (说话或态度粗暴地, 粗声地, 生硬地)
gl---[]glass,glad,gleam 发微光,使闪烁),glide(滑行,滑翔),globe(地球仪),glove(手套),glue(胶水/胶合)
fr---[ ]France, French, free, fresh 新鲜的,无经验的,frequent频繁的,friend 朋友,fried,fry, frog青蛙,
from(自,从),front (前面,前线,阵线), fruit(水果,果实,果类,成果), frustrated (感到灰心/失败的)
fl---[ ]flat,flag,flame火焰,热情,flap拍打,鼓翼而飞,飘动,flares喇叭裤)flash闪光,闪现一瞬间),
flea跳蚤,flee逃跑,逃走,fleer狞笑,讥笑,flesh肉,果肉,flinch 畏缩,退缩,畏首畏尾, floor地板
楼层,float漂浮,浮舟,彩车,flood洪水,水灾,淹没,涌进,涌出flour面粉,flow流动,(河水)泛滥,洋
溢,flower(花), flu (流感), fly (飞翔,飞行),flub (做得不好, 弄糟), fluent (流利的, 流畅的),
sl---[ ]slave奴隶,slander诽谤,slaughter屠宰,残杀,屠杀,sleep睡眠 睡觉, sleet (下/雨加雪, 下冰雹),
sleeve (袖子), slice (薄片, 切片), slim (苗条的, 纤细的), slip (滑倒, 失足), slogan (口号, 标
语 ), slow(ly)(慢的/地), sly/ slily [slaili](狡猾的/地),
sm---[ ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聪明的, 漂亮的, 灵巧地, 时髦地), smarty (=wi guy自作聪明的人),
smell(气味, 臭味, //嗅, 闻到, 散发(...的)气味, 有(...的)气味), smile ((~ at) 微笑), smog (烟
雾), smoke (n.烟, 烟尘, 烟幕//v.抽烟, 吸烟vi.冒烟), smuggle (n.走私, 偷带v.走私),
sn---[ ]snow, snake, snack(吃)快餐/小吃)),snail蜗牛,snap猛咬,sneer冷笑,轻蔑的笑,sneeze (打/ 喷嚏),
snob /snobling (势利的年轻人, 势利小人),
sk---[ ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览), skin (皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛),
skint (身无分文的, 穷光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,跳读), sky-blue (天蓝色的, 淡蓝色, 蔚蓝色)
sp---[ ] space (空间, 间隔, 距离, 空地, 余地), spade (铲, 铁锹), Spain (西班牙), spare (多余的, 剩
下的/分让给),spell, speak (说话, 谈话, 发言, 演讲, 说明事实, 表示意见,操(某种语言)), spear
([spiE]矛, 枪), specific ([spi`sifik]特效药, 详细而精确的, 明确的), spice (香料, 调味品,
情趣), spider (蜘蛛), sport(运动,运动会), spume [spju:m](n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous (adj.
起泡沫的, 泡沫状的), spur[spE:](n.踢马剌, 剌激物v.鞭策), sputter [`spQtE](.说话急
快/唾沫飞溅/飞溅出/喷溅声), sputum [spju:tEm](唾液, 痰), spy (特工, 间谍, 侦探,//秘密侦
察),
st---[ ] stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足)),stage舞台,戏剧,举行star星,恒星,明星,名角), start (动
身,开始,着手惊动,惊起,起动,发动), staff (棒, 杖, 杆, 支柱, 全体职员), stadium (露天运动场
/体育场),step, steep(陡峭的),stick (棍, 棒, 手杖/粘住, 粘贴), stop, student, stupid (愚蠢
的, 麻木的), stupidity (蠢事,糊涂事), stutter (口吃, 结结巴巴的说),style风格, 时尚, 文体),
sw---[ ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 药签,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(摇晃, 水潭,垂花饰), swear(宣誓, 发誓),
3
sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),sweater(厚运动衫, 毛线衫), sweep(扫, 打扫, 清扫, 席卷, 冲光),
sweepup(n.大扫除), sweet(甜的, 可受的, 美好的, 芳香的/n. 糖果),swim (swam,swum), swing
(swang, swung,秋千, 摇摆, 摆动), swicky([美]威士忌酒), swig(n/v.痛饮, 大喝特喝(尤指从瓶口
喝的)), swiftly(迅速地, 敏捷地), swindle (sb of„骗走某人的), swob(拖把, 海棉), swobble(大
口地吃), swoon(vi.昏晕, 昏厥惊讶, 酣睡n.狂喜, 陶醉), swoop(n.突然下降, 猛扑vt攫取vi.飞
扑, 突然袭击), sword(剑), swot(at../ for../up; vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读的人, 辛苦的
工作),
元音字母a e i(y) o u 的发音口诀: 元音字母音多变,熟记规则也不难。
重开音节多长音,[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]来拼;重闭音节/轻音短,[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E]
a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。e的发音首数[e],空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。
重开音节i发[ai],重闭/轻音短[i][E]。o发长音[Eu][C:][u:],短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
u字多发 [ju:]和[Q],忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。y头发[j]重读[ai],轻音/结尾[i]变来。
ay ,ey, o/uy,多发[ei][i],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌,S后弱音须强化。
相近发音不规则,省力顺口是关键。相近/强化加弱化,使得元音多变化。
例词:a--- [/ ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / ] 强化音[ei],弱化音[E]a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。
name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket [B:/A], as [A], ass [A], father [B:],
afterward(s) [B:/E](然后, 后来), dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar [A/E], America [E], asleep, alone,
afraid, banana [E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C], what [C], war [C:], orange [i],
e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(词尾空音) / ] 强化音[i:],弱化音[E/ i ] e的发音首数[e],空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。
he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e], pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e], umbrella
[e],French [e],basket [i] women [i], pretty [i], the [E / i:], children [E], open [E], hundred [E / i:],
/ -*(词尾空音) /---- who [z], hou [s], nice [s], face [s], white [t], name [m], give [v], side [d],
wake [k], prize [z], fine [n], tube [b], orange [dV], employee [i:] (职工, 雇员, 店员), apple [pl],
table [bl], little [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl](鹰),
i--- [ /ai / i:/ i / E / ]强化音[ai/i:]弱化音[E/ i] 重开音节发[i: /ai],重闭/轻音短[i][E]。right [ai], bicycle
[ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i], which [i], his [i],building [i], beautiful [E], holiday [E],
o--- [ /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-]强化音[Eu/ C:/u:]弱化音[E]o发长音[Eu][C:][u:],短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
no [Eu], cold [Eu], tho [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q], brother [Q], son [Q], month [Q], dog
[C], not [C], hot [C], sorry [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], who [u:], who [u:],
do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman [u], policeman [E], today [E], occasion [E](场合, 时机, 机会),
aeroplane [E], // one [wQn], once [wQns], rervoir [`rezEvwB:],
u--- [ /ju:/ Q / u / u: /i / ] 强化音[ju:/u:],弱化音[i]u字多发 [ju:]和[Q],忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。
u [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:], rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q],
hungry[Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue
[u:],minute [i], busy [i]
y--- [ /ai / j / i /] 强化音[ai],弱化音[i] y头发[j]重读[ai],轻音/结尾[i]变来。
your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry
[ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empty [i], busy
[i], body [i], slowly [i],
常见元音字母组合发音口诀: 字母组合固定音,常受影响发音变;千锤百炼习语感。
组合爱发长/双元(音(重读音节)); 常受影响发音变;为了顺口图方便,近似发音相变换。
另有强化加弱化,多个字母省略念。外来/古语不规则(发音),熟读百遍字腔圆。
a--- ay [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday,// [i] Sunday, Monday, „
ar [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic, // [E] dollar, collar, grammar, particular [pE`tikju:lE],
al [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk,// [B:] half,
[C:l / Al / El ]非组合式的情况: although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻类, 海藻), algal [`AlgEl](adj.海藻的), algebra
[Al`dVibrE] (代数学), signal [lsigEl](信号/发信号, 用信号通知),
au [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cau, August[`C:gEst] (八月), august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏的, 威严的),
[C] becau, [au] kraut(泡菜),
[B:] laugh,
air [ZE] air, chair, hair, pair, fair,
4
ai [ei] aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠实,),
aw [C:] draw, law, saw, awful, raw,
e--- ea [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, breakfast, head, [ei] great, break, steak,
ee [i:] meet, teeth, e, three, green, week, freezing, queen,
ei [ei] eight, weigh, weight,
[i:] receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺骗, 谎言), deceive(v. 欺骗, 谎言), receipt (收条, 收据, 收到),
perceive (v.察觉感知, 感到), conceit (原义;自负, 幻想),
er [E:] her, herd(兽群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (紧急情况, 紧急突发事件, 非常时刻,),
[E] teacher, sister, brother, farmer, worker, letter, over,
ear [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷听者),
[ZE] pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 发誓),
[E:] early, earth, earn,
ere [iE] here, sphere (球体), hemisphere (半球),
[ZE] there, ere (prep/conj. 前于...; 在...以前),
eir [ZE] their,
eer [iE] beer, deer, cheer(欢呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄), engineer, ,
ey [ei] they, grey, hey,
ew [ju:] new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 风景, 观点, 见解), ewe (母羊),
i--- ir [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl((使)旋转), stir (轰动, 激起,搅动),
ie [i:] piece, niece(侄女,甥女),field,thief,believe, belief,achieve(完成,达到),chief(首领,领袖,酋长,
长官//主要的, 首要的, 首席的,主任的),grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), relief((痛苦等的)减轻),
ire [aiE] tire(轮胎;使劳累), tired(累的,疲劳的), wire(金属丝, 电线),
igh [ai] right, light, fight, might(也许, 或许; 可能), night, knight,
o--- or [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more,
[E:] work, worker,
[E] actor, doctor, forget,
oa [Eu] boat, coat, goat, goal,
oo [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情绪, 语气, 状态),
[u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot
[Q] blood, flood,
ou [au] hou, blou, trours, mou, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain,
[Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的),
[u:] you, through, rouge [ru:V](擦口红/胭脂),
[u]would, could, should,
[C:] cough,
ow [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower,
[Eu] yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throw
oy/oi [Ci] boy, toy, enjoy, employ, // noi, noisy, toilet, oil, boil,
our [au] our, flour(面粉)
[C:] your, four, cour,
ore [C:] before, more, forehead, foree,
oor [C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),
u--- ur [E:] turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的, 市内的), suburb, suburbia (郊区居民),
ure picture, future[tFE], // sure[FuE], //pleasure, measure[VE],
ua [JE] usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大学)毕业生, 研究生),
非组合发音: graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大学)毕业), [jJE]January,
uy [ai] buy, guy,
五、音节、音节的结构和类型、音节划分、音节重音和拼读:
1. 音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)的排列单位,一个单位算一节。连读起来轻重缓急,流利有节奏,便于听说阅读。
2. 音节的结构‘类型;口诀:完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾),元音字母占中央(包含组合),缺头少尾有开闭(音节),e
5
尾/成音/r音节。
开音节/闭音节:以元音或不发音的e结尾的叫开音节,以辅音结尾的是闭音节。
开音节(词) :[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the,
she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,
闭音节(词) bas*ket,bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, red, yes, egg, sit, it, begin(开始), hot,
not, boat, boil(沸腾,煮沸,激动), cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,
r音节:元音字母(a e i o u) + r构成的独立的音节,也可以前后加辅音字母共同构成音节。
例如:far(远的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轰动, 激起), or, for(为了
对于,因为,适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, // ar•ti•cle(文章), or•der (命令, 定购, 定制;次
序, 顺序,秩序), ur•gent (急迫的, 紧急的), ur•ban (城市的, 市内的),
成音节: 辅音字母(有时跟不发音/弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常带有不发音的e)可算作一个音节。
例la•bel((贴)标签),pu•pil,pen•cil[sl],ta•ble,bi•cy•cle,lit•tle[tl],ap•ple [pl],peo•ple,
3. 划分音节口诀: 音节中心看母音,辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连,一靠后,二分手;多个中间偏左右,字母组合算一
个(音)。多音节尾 -l -m –n(e),前有辅音成音节。
例子:学会一眼识破音节数目,运用语音规则,做到见字读音。
闭音节: pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book [buk], and [And], eat [i:t],
开音节: he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea•cher [`ti:tFE], rea•dy [`redi], Ju•ly
[`dVu(:)lai], ru•ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],
成音节: ta•ble [`teibl], ap•ple [pl], bot•tle [tl], mid•dle [dl], bi•cy•cle [`baisikl], pen•cil [sl],
•ven [`vn], e•le•ven [i `lev(E)n],
不发音的e 尾:come [kQm], plea [pli:z], who [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], give [giv],(开
音节的外形,多读长音。)
4 单词重音(重音符号ˊ):双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音节,其它读轻音。遇到生词,有音标当然省事,但在无音标
的情况下,至于哪个音节要重读,由于英语词源、构词、例外情况等诸多因素限制,不可能将每个生
词读的完全无误。只能掌握的一般规律:
重音口诀: 为了顺口有节奏,张口由大变到小(省气力),大口/长音多重读,还要保持身平衡(整个单词发音),特别写法长
又多(特别是写法很长的多音节词),倒数第三多琢磨。(一般是)前轻---中重----后又轻。哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重
一般具体做法是;① 单音节都重读;这类单词很多。例如:meet, and, class, which, hou, bread
② 双音节词 ▲ (发长音或大口音重读, 这类单词很多,例如:`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE], ` basket
[`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy [`leizi], `open [`EupEn], //
`sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,
▲ (两音平(音长和张口大小接近的)开头重读; 这类单词很多,例如:`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich, `pencil,
clever [`klevE], letter [ `letE],
`friendship, `boyish, `building,
④ 多音节词倒数第三个元音字母(音节)重读。带前后缀多词根重读。
`brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy, `picture, `listen, `Betty, `empty, `pretty,
▲ (带前后缀多词根重读。例如:a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin, be`fore, be`side, be`hind, /`quickly,
例如:`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful, natio`nality, `exerci, `chocolate, `newspaper,
// suddenly, inter`national, championship,`countable, interesting, mechano`therapy (力学疗法),
③ 合成词保持开头单词的重音:例如:policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream, `classroom, `schoolboy,
`postman, `milkman, `tea-pot, `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`ek, `snakes-and-`ladders,
小测试:给下列单词划分音节, 并拼读出来。(单音节词下划线,多音节词用竖线分割。)
evening, empty, children, school, funny, actress, policewoman, open, clever, heavy, banana,
2). exerci, beautiful, thick, light, small, French, German, English, Italian, American, letter, mother, street,
colour, locker, dirty, towel, our, lady, twins. sandwich, duster, hurry, headmaster, playground,
3). upstairs, perhaps, asleep, today, holiday, animal, lollipop, instead, biscuit, chocolate, minute, fine, shell,
gate, near, under, newspaper, silly, beside, behind, between, together, attention, laugh, matter,
4). face, ear, aeroplane, goal, trours, knife, chimney, water, make, turn, piece, easy, cour, watch, basin,
hopscotch, game, throw, stone, window, telescope, across, into, happen, prent, birthday, 注意:这语音方面的
技能需要在下面不断练习,我们可以把教材里的单词多多练习一有时间就拿起教材进行训练。天长日久,会取得你满意的效果。
6
1). yes, here, sorry, yellow, football, brother, woman, sister, hungry, very, thirsty, busy, tired, picture, quickly,
dw---[ ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)变矮小), dwell(at../in...居住 停留于;on../upon..细想, 详述),
tw---[ ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.两, 双, 二, 一对), twin(s), twig ([twig]n.嫩枝, 小
枝, 末梢), twice([twais]adv.两次, 两倍), twiddle (with„v.玩弄, 旋弄,捻), twill ([twil]n.斜纹织物vt.
把...织成斜纹adj.斜纹织物的), twine ([twain]n.合股线, 细绳, 麻线, 搓v.搓, 织, 编饰, (使)缠绕),
twinge([twindV]n.一阵一阵痛, 如刺一样痛, 剧痛vt.使一阵一阵痛, 刺痛), twinkle ([5twiNkl]v.闪烁, 闪耀,
(使)闪光n.闪烁, 发光, 牛眼), twist([twist]n.一扭, 扭曲,手法, 螺旋状vt.拧, 扭曲, 绞, 搓, 捻, 使苦恼,
使转动, vi.扭弯, 扭曲, 缠绕, 扭动, 呈螺旋形),two,
thr---[ ] three, thread(线,细丝, 线索, 思路, 螺纹), threaten(恐吓, 威胁), threnode (哀歌), thrive(兴旺, 繁荣,
茁壮成长, 旺盛), throw(扔,抛,投,摔,掷,丢), through (通过,穿过,透过/〔时间〕从„的开始到末了,
从头到尾;〔场所〕到处,全面), throat (咽喉, 喉咙, 嗓音, 窄路), throne (王座, 君主), throstle (=wood
thrush画眉鸟), thruput(吞吐量), thrust(力推, 冲, 插入, 挤进, 刺,戳),thrypsis([5Wripsis]粉碎性骨折),
*****************************************************************
提前练一练,看看有何难。小测试:
1). 见字读音: 写出下列单词的音标。
class [ ] this [ ] your [ ] you [ ] here [ ] Sandy [ ] Crisp [ ]
2). 音义结合:写出下列读音所对应的汉语意义。
[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;
3). 听音写字:根据音标写单词。
[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;
[hu:z] ________ [it] ___ [pli:z] ________ [daun] _______ [`ru:lE] _______ [kQm] ____
4). 形义结合:英汉互译(即,写出对应的英语或汉语意思)。
her -____; thank-_______; 定冠词/ 这个或那个-______; 书-______; rubber -_______;
小姐 -______; 帽子 -_____; Sit down plea. ________; Thank you. _______; Here you are._________;
Yes, it is. ________; Come here, plea. ___________; 字母L的两种读音口诀:音节开头发清音[l -], 音节末尾模糊音[- l],
[l - ] lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨的, 笨拙的n.傻大个), black, plea, clock, color,
toilet, holiday, English, Italian, nationality, lollipop,
[- l ] girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell, level[(E)l], smile[ail], hill[il],
old[Eul], cold, child[ail], children [il], full [ul], beautiful [ul], apple [pl], people, pupil,
table [bl], impossible, label ((贴)标签), little [tl], bottle, title, middle [dl], cradle(摇
篮),bicycle [kl], eagle [gl], pencil [sl], puzzle [-zl], dazzle[5dAzl](眩目,晃眼,耀眼),
常见音节尾音总结:
[i:l / il / el/ Al / Ql / El / E:l / C:l / Cl / u:l / ul / ail / eil / Cil / iEl / uEl / aul / Eul / ]
[-pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl / -gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl / ]
[-pEl / -bEl / -tEl / -dEl / -kEl / -gEl / -fEl / -vEl / -sEl / -zEl ]
自然发音二十八条拼读规则
1. q总与u在一起,读做/kw/, 此处u不作元音.
2. c在e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop).
3. e, i, y之前的g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中e, i之前的g也可以不读做/j/(get, girl, gi
ve); 其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust).
4. 元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u), 有助于学生正确划分并拼读元
音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port„rather than rep ort).
5. i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可读做I(silent, my, type).
6. 一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).
7. 有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音(如me,she,和he的短单词末尾的e读做e, 较长的单词末尾的e不发音)
尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承担一项工作)
7.1 bake gene time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音..
7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.
7
7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c读软音/j/和/s/.
7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母.
7.5 are nur rai bye ewe owe cau 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanri女士
叫做老工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.
7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(den而不是dens, pur不是purs,fal不是 fals).
7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye
7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如or/ore for/fore.
7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音. 如treati giraffe
8. 有五种字母组合发/er/的音/, 记住下面的句子.
Her nur first works early. 这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.
另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音. 还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音.如dollar, doctor.
9. 1-1-1规则: 单音节单词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾
的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop---hop ped). 但是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个音/ks/.
10. 2-1-1规则: 双音节词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的
辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin--- be gin + ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末
尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).
11. 去e规则,以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的e(come-coming
12. 是ie还是ei? 一般情况下,应该是ie,但是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音时, 用ei(neighbor, weigh,
vein). 还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign ized counterfeit forfeited leisure.
Plus: either weird protein heifer:
13. 音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish), 但绝对不会在
后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship).
14. 音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头, 发音/sh/. 常常可以通过考察词根和根词来
确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素.比如
infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tial
music to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cial
soci (companion) to so cial / ancien (old) to an cient
cruc (cross) to cru cial / speci (kind) to spe cial
15.音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(s sion)发/sh/,一个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个s(ten--tensio
n)其中的音素si发/sh/.discuss to dis cus sion/compress to com pres sion/admis to ad mis sion
16. 音素si可以发/zh/, 如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.
17. 只有一个元音的单音节词,常常双写词尾的l,s,f.比如will,off,miss.有时双音节词也用到这条规则, 如
re cess
18. 词尾为长音a时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)
19. 元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音. (find, old)
20. s从不在x后, 音素x包含一个/s/音, /ks/.
21. 去L规则1: all单独出现有两个l, 但在前缀中只有一个l.(al most, al so, al though).
22. 去L规则2: till和full单独出现有两个l, 作后缀只有一个l. (un til, plen ti ful).
23. 音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).
24. Y变I规则: 进行词尾变化时, 词尾是一个辅音字母+y, 要变y为i.
下列两种情况驻外(1)加-ing, (2)变后会引起音节分裂.
city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni est
multiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/cried deny/denied
25. 音素ck只用在单元音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).
26. 字母开头的z永远发/z/, 不会发/s/.
27. 音素ed有三个音, 基本词以/t/和/d/音结尾, ed发/ed/(divide---divided, heat---heated); 基本词
以浊辅音结尾的, ed发/d/( lived), 以清辅音结尾的发/t/(stopped)
28. 单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic)], 重读音
节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音lit tle. 翻译时, consonant译作辅音, vowel译作元音.
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