2024年3月14日发(作者:一元二次方程的解)
英语中常见的八种基本时态
一、 一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的 动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month
on Sundays,
⋯ ), once a week,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为 第三人称单数 ,动词上要加( e)S)
4.否定形式: am/is/are+not; 此时态的谓语动词 若为 行为动词 ,则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称
单数,则用 doesn't ,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句: 把 be 动词放于句首;用助动词 do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数, 则用 does ,同时,
还原行为动词。
6.例句: . It ldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时:
7.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
8.时间状语: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month ⋯ ), in 1989,
just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
9.基本结构: be 动词;行为动词
10.否定形式: was/were+not; 在行为动词前加didn't ,同时还原行为动词。
11.一般疑问句: was 或 were 放于句首;用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
12.例句: She often came to help us in tho days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
13.时间状语: now, at this time, the days, etc.
14.基本结构: am/is/are+doing
15.否定形式: am/is/are+not+doing.
16.一般疑问句:把 be 动词放于句首。
17.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时:
2.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
3.时间状语: at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间
状语等。
4.基本结构: was/were+doing
5.否定形式: was/were + not + doing.
18.一般疑问句:把was 或 were 放于句首。
19.例句: At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时:
6.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开续到持,始现在的动
作或状态。
7.时间状语: recently, lately, since ⋯ for ⋯ ,in the past few years, etc.
8.基本结构: have/has + done
9.否定形式: have/has + not +d one.
10.一般疑问句: have 或 has 。
11.例句: I've written an article.
It has been raining the days.
六、 过去完成时:
20.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前 发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即
“过去的过去”。
21.时间状语: before, by the end of last year(term, month ⋯ ),etc.
22.基本结构: had + done.
23.否定形式: had + not + done.
24.一般疑问句: had 放于句首。
25.例句: As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时:
12.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备。事某做
26.时间状语: tomorrow, next day(week, month, year
after tomorrow, etc.
⋯ ),soon, in a few minutes, by ⋯ ,the day
27.基本结构: am/is/are/going to + do ;will/shall + do.
28.否定形式: was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't ,同时还原行为动词。
29.一般疑问句: be 放于句首; will/shall 提到句首。
30.例句: They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时:
13.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常 于用宾语从句 中。
14.时间状语: the next day(morning, year ⋯ ),the following month(week ⋯ ),etc.
15.基本结构: was/were/going to + do ;would/should + do.
31.否定形式: was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
32.一般疑问句: was 或 were 放于句首; would/should 提到句首。
33.例句: He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中, 延续性动词 能与表示一段时间的 状语 连用, 瞬间动词 却不能。但是,可用别的表达
方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago ”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应
的延续性动词及短语 ,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“ It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”
的句型中,表示“自从⋯ ⋯ 以来有⋯ ⋯ 时间”的意思, 主句 一般用 it is 来代替 It has been; ④瞬间动词
用于“ Some time has pasd since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请 :看
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has pasd since he joined the League.
二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中, at 加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如 at work (在工作) , at school (上学、上
课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中 go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生
的动作。如: I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+ 动词原形”与“ will(shall)+ 动词原形”结构的转换
“be going to+ 动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“ will(shall)+ 动词原形”结构在书
面语中,当主语为 第一人称 时,常用助动词 shall 。在 口语 中,所有人称都可以用 will 。请看:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
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