2020人教版英语新教材必修一词汇表Unit3含教材例句及词汇用法讲解

2024年3月9日发(作者：大提琴英文)

2020人教版英语新教材必修一词汇表Unit3含教材例句及词汇用法讲解

2019人教版高一英语新教材必修一词汇表

（含教材例句及词汇用法讲解）

本词汇表主要特色：

1.呈现教材原文例句，重视词汇在语境中的运用。

2.词汇用法讲解紧扣新课标和新考纲，深度和广度适中，条理清晰，系统完整。

3.精选高考真题例句、词典例句和时文例句，例句具有典型性和示范性。

4.展示高考真题，揭示高考命题角度和思路。

5.适合高一学生同步使用以及高三学生总复习使用。

Book 1

Unit 3

1. fitness /?f?tn?s/ n. 健康; 健壮；适合

Sports and Fitness运动与健康（P35）

health and fitness 卫生与健康

a fitness center健身中心

They're doing exercis to improve their fitness. 他们为增强体质而做体操.

No one doubts his fitness for the job. 谁也不怀疑他胜任这份工作。

2. soccer / ?s?k?(r)/ n. 足球

Would you like to go to the soccer game? 你想去看足球赛吗？（P36）

a soccer game/match /team 足球比赛/队

I like watching soccer games. 我喜欢看足球赛。

I play soccer in my free time. 我空闲时会踢足球.

soccer players 足球运动员

3. stadium / ?ste?di?m/ n. （pl. stadiums or stadia）体育场;

运动场

Wuhan Stadium武汉球场（P36）

Wembley Stadium. 温布利球场

a football/sports stadium足球/ 运动场

To hold the Olympic Games, veral stadiums have been built

for competitions.

为了举办奥运会，好几个供比赛用的体育场被建成。

4. boxing / ?b?ks?? / n. 拳击（运动）

a boxing match拳击比赛

Do you want to watch the boxing match? 你想看拳击比赛吗？（P36）

Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred

years ago.

两百年前拳击比赛在英国就很盛行。

heavyweight boxing重量级拳击

5. badminton / ?b?dm?nt?n/ n. 羽毛球运动

How about watching badminton this afternoon? 今天下午去看羽毛球比赛怎么样？（P36）Let's go to the badminton match. 咱们去看羽毛球比赛吧。

He can play badminton quite well now. 他羽毛球打得很好.

6. marathon / ?m?r?θ?n/ n. 马拉松赛跑

Beijing International Marathon Day 北京国际马拉松日（P36）

Full Marathon and Half Marathon全程和半程马拉松赛（P36）

Why not run an exciting marathon? 为什么不参加刺激的马拉松赛跑？（P36）

He t up a new national record in the marathon race. 他创造了马拉松赛跑的全国新记录。

7. event / ??vent/ n. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动

an e-sports event 电子竞技项目（P36）

Badminton is traditional advantage event in China. 我国羽毛球是传统优势运动项目。

The 800 metres is the fourth event of the afternoon. 800米赛是下午的第四项比赛。Holding the Olympic Games is a big event

for China. 举办奥运会对中国是一件大事。

The discovery of X-rays was a big event in the history of

physics.

X射线的发现是物理学史上的重大事件。

Greenpeace arranged a special social event. 绿色和平组织举办了一次专门的社交活动。

8. come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快

Would you like to come along? 你一起来吗？（P36）

There's a big party tonight .Would you like to come along?

今晚有一个大型的聚会，你一起来吗？

Come along with me, boys, don’t keeping everybody

waiting.

孩子们跟我来, 大家都在等你俩呢。

When the right opportunity comes along, you must take it.

适当的机会来临时，你要抓住它。Your English has come along a lot

recently. 你的英语最近进步很大。

Come along or we'll miss the train. 快点,不然就会赶不上火车。

9. ski / ski:/

adj. 滑雪的

ski race滑雪比赛（P37）

ski boots 滑雪靴

He went on a ski trip with some friends. 他和一些朋友滑雪去了。

v. 滑雪

I like to ski on the snow. 我喜欢在雪上滑雪。

He skied down the mountains. 他从山坡上滑了下来。

go skiing 去滑雪

They go skiing in Switzerland every winter. 他们每年冬天去瑞士滑雪。

The students often go skiing during winter vacation. 学生们在寒假期间经常去滑雪。

10. host /h??st/

vt. 主办；主持

Zhangjiakou will host the Youth Ski Race in December.

十二月份张家口要举办青年滑雪比赛。（P37）

Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games? 会有人想承办奥运会吗？

He has dreamed of hosting a pop music programmer. 他梦想着主持一个流行音乐节目。n．主人；东道主；节目主持人

Our host introduced us to the other guests. 主人把我们介绍给了其他客人。

I am the host of a live radio programme. 我是一个电台直播节目的主持人。

Most people think being a television host is exciting.

很多人认为当电视节目主持人是一件刺激的事情。

host family寄宿家庭（人们出国时所借宿的人家）

Do you want to learn to speak English well? Why not go to

England and stay with

a host family?你想学说一口好的英语吗？为什么不去英国与房东一家人住在一起呢？【拓展】

hostess /?h??st?s/ n. 女主人; 女主持人

Mary was always the perfect hostess. 玛丽总是最殷勤的女主人。

11. track /tr?k/

n. 跑道；足迹；铁路轨道

track and field 田径

track - and - field lover 田径爱好者（P37）

What are the most important competitions in track and field?

最重要的田径比赛有哪些?

Are you also taking part in the track - and - field events today?

你今天也要去参加田径比赛吗?

Suddenly an athlete fell on to the running track. 突然一名运动员摔倒在赛跑跑道上。

We followed the bear's tracks in the snow. 我们跟着熊在雪地上留下的足迹走。

After the earthquake, the railway tracks were uless pieces

of steel.

地震之后，铁轨成了一条条废钢。

Neither a wi man nor a brave man lies down on the tracks

of history to wait for the train of the future to run over them.

智者和勇者都不会躺在历史的轨道上等待未来列车碾压他们。

vt.& vi. 跟踪; 追踪

The hunter tracked this wolf and killed it. 猎人跟踪这只狼，并杀死了它。

Our radar began tracking the planes . 我们的雷达开始追踪飞机的动向。

【拓展】

tracker /?tr?k?(r)/ n.[C] 追踪者；跟踪者

Web Tracker网路搜寻家

Sun Tracker太阳跟踪器

tracker dogs警犬

12. gym / d??m / n. 健身房; 体育馆

Come and work out at a gym! 来健身房锻炼吧！（P37）

I usually go to the gym during my lunch hour. 我通常在午休时间去健身房。

Our school has recently built a new gym. 我们学校最近新建了

一个体育馆。

We played basketball in the gym becau of rain.

由于天气下雨, 我们在体育馆打篮球。

13. gymnastics / d??m?n?st?ks / n. 体操（训练）

Gymnastics is his favourite sport. 体操是他最喜爱的运动。

I love gymnastics. I think it's more exciting than badminton.

我更喜欢体操, 我认为体操比羽毛球更让人激动。

She does gymnastics at school every day. 她在学校每天做体操训练。

14. work out 锻炼；计算出；解决

Come and work out at a gym! 来健身房锻炼吧！（P37）

I work out at a gym twice a week. 我一周去健身房锻炼两次。

You are fat, so you must work out regularly. 你太胖了，应该定期锻炼。

Work out how much all the things will cost. 算算买这么多东西要多少钱。She find it difficult to work out the problem. 她发现解决这问题有困难。

I can't work out how to do it. 我无法解答怎么做它。

15. sweat / swet /

vt. 使出汗；出汗弄湿

Sweat your way to good health.用汗水保持身体健康。（P37）

vi. 出汗；流汗

The long hot climb made him sweat. 长距离的激烈攀登使他出汗了。

The weather in summer is very hot, so I always sweat.

夏天的天气那么热，所以我总是在流汗。

n. 汗水; 出汗

The Great Wall was built with the blood and sweat of the

labouring people.

长城是用劳动人民的血汗建成的。

16. make it 获得成功；准时到达

You can make it! 你会成功的！（P37）

Work hard and you can make it. 努力学习，你会成功的。

I believe anyone can make it if he tries hard. 我相信只要努力任何人都能成功的。

I don't know whether I can make it in science. 我不知道我能否在科学上获得成功。The flight leaves in twenty minutes─we'll

make it.

再过二十分钟飞机就起飞了，我们会准时到达的。

I think we'll just make it if we hurry up! 如果抓点紧，我想我们能及时到达。

17. legend / ?led??nd / n. 传奇故事（或人物）；传说

living legends of sports 当今体育传奇人物（P38）

Yao Ming is a basketball legend. 姚明是一个篮球传奇人物。

He enjoys reading ancient Greek legends. 他喜欢读古代希腊传说。

18. athlete / ??θli:t/ n. 运动员；运动健儿

Long Ping is not only a great athlete but also an outstanding

coach.

郎平不但是一位伟大的运动员而且是杰出的教练。

She is a natural athlete. 她是个天生的运动健儿。

19. master / ?mɑ:st?(r)/

n. 高手; 主人

Deng Yaping is a master of pingpang. 邓亚萍是一个乒乓球高手。

He was named a "great master of language". 他被誉为“语言大师”。

The dog was running behind its master. 狗跟在它主人后面跑着。

She should be the master of her own future. 她应该把握自己

的未来。

vt. 精通；掌握

To the basketballers, the most important things is to master

the skills of basketball.

对篮球队员来说，最重要的事是精通篮球技术。

Students are expected to master a cond language. 学生应该掌握一门第二语言。

I want to travel all over the world, so I need to master English

first.

我想周游世界，因此，首先我得精通英语才行。

20. t an example 树立榜样

They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and

also t good examples for others. 他们一定是一些远动员，是他们领域的高手，并且给别人树立好榜样。（P38）

She arrived at the office early to t an example for the others.

她很早就来到办公室,作为他人的表率。

Famous people should t a good example for others. 名人应该为别人树立好榜样。

Parents should t a good example for their children. 父母亲应该为孩子树立好榜样.

21. honour / '?n?(r)/ n. 荣誉；尊重；荣幸

We won the game and brought honour to our school. 我们赢得了比赛，为学校赢得了荣誉。

We compete against each other just for the honour of

winning. 我们为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。

It was a great honour to be invited here today. 今天承蒙邀请到此，深感荣幸。

the guest of honour 贵宾

in honour of为纪念，为表示敬意

The Duanwu Festival is held in honour of the famous ancient

poet, Qu Yuan .

端午节是纪念古代著名的诗人—屈原。

We celebrate Mother's Day in honour of our mothers. 我们庆祝母亲节是对母亲表示敬意。They held a party in honour of the

foreign visitors. 他们为国外来访者举办了晚会。

22. glory / ?gl?:ri / n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美

As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her

country.

作为一个运动员，郎平为国家带来了无限荣光。（P38）

She won the game and was enjoying her moment of glory.

她赢得了比赛，享受自己的光荣时刻。

Glory belongs to the great motherland. 光荣归于伟大的祖国。

23. medal / ?medl/ n. 奖章; 勋章

She won a gold medal in the Olympics. 她在奥林匹克运动会上赢得一枚金牌。

She is an Olympic gold medal winner. 她是奥运会金牌得主。

The young man was awarded a medal for bravery. 这个年轻人被授予一枚英勇勋章。

24. championship /?t??mpi?n??p / n. 锦标赛; 冠军赛；冠军称号

As a coach, she led the China women's volleyball team to

medal at world championships and the Olympics.

作为一名教练，她带领中国女排在世界锦标赛和奥林匹克运动会上赢得奖牌。（P38）

This year's national college football championship was won

by Princeton.

今年全国高校足球锦标赛普林斯顿队获胜。

They've held the championship for the past two years.

他们在过去的两年里一直保持着冠军地位。

25. champion / ?t??mpi?n/ n. 冠军; 优胜者

Two weeks later they were world champions!两周后她们成了世界冠军。（P38）

At the age of eighteen, Ali was the world champion in boxing.

18岁时，阿里已经是世界拳击冠军。

26. determination/d??t?:m??ne??n/ n. 决心；决定

When the Chine team was preparing for the 2015 World

Cup, her determination was tested. 当中国队正在备战2015年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。（P38）

He fought the illness with courage and determination.

他勇敢顽强地与疾病作斗争。

【拓展】

（1）determine /d?'t?:m?n/ vt. 决定；下定决心；确定

They determined to start early. 他们决定早点出发。

A date for the meeting has not been determined. 会议日期尚待确定。

Shall we determine what we are going to do next? 我们来确定一下下一步该做什么吧?

（2）determined /d?'t?:m?nd/ adj. 坚决的；有决心的

A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter

how hard it is.

无论工作有多困难，一个有决心的人总是会设法完成它。

be determined to do sth. 决心做某事

She was determined to become a doctor and her hard work

paid off.

她决心成为医生，她的努力取得了成功。

/ ??pɑ:t / adv.分离；分开；成碎片

We're living apart now. 我们现在不住在一起。

I can't tell the twins apart . 我分不出这一对双胞胎中谁是谁。

I needed to take apart my computer. 我得把我的电脑拆开。

fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃

The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart.

郎平组建的队伍正在分崩离析。（P38）

The hou is so old and it's falling apart. 那座房子太破旧，都开始坍塌了。

28. injure / ??nd??(r)/ vt. 使受伤；损害

He injured his left foot playing football. 他踢足球时左脚受伤。

Three people were killed and five were injured in the crash.

撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。

d / ??nd??d / adj. 受伤的；有伤的

One of the best players had been injure.最好的球员之一受伤了。（P38）

Luckily, she isn't injured. 幸运的是，她没受伤。

Many of them died becau they were so badly injured. 他们中很多人因伤势过重而死亡。

an injured leg 受伤的腿

30. injury / ??nd??ri / n. 伤害；损伤

rious injury/injuries 重伤

Two players are out of the team becau of injury . 两名队员因伤退出了比赛。

A racing injury made him in hospital for two weeks. 一次比赛中的受伤使他住院两周。

n / ?k?pt?n / n. (运动队）队长；船长；机长

One of the best players had been injure, and the team

captain had to leave becau of heart problem. 最好的球员之一受伤了，并且队长因心脏问题不得不离开。（P38）

She was captain of the football team at school. 她过去是学校足球队的队长。

The captain ordered all the pasngers into lifeboats. 船长命令所有乘客进入救生艇。

32. lo heart丧失信心；泄气

Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang

Ping did not lo hear.

失去两名重要球员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平没有灰心。（P38）

The scientist never lost heart when he was in trouble. 那位科学家遇到困难时从不灰心。

We shouldn't lo heart. We may have another try. 我们不应该灰心,我们可以再试一次. Although he failed in this entrance

examination, he didn't lo heart.

这次入学考试他虽名落孙山, 但他并不气馁.

【拓展】

lo one's heart to 爱上

When he was a child, he lost his heart to poems. 他是个孩子时就喜欢上诗歌。

The first time he saw the girl he lost his heart to her. 他第一次看到这个女孩就爱上了她。

33. graceful /?gre?sfl / adj. 优美的；优雅的

The player who became known as “Air Jordan” changed

basketball with his graceful moves and jump. 这个被称为“飞人乔丹”的球员以他优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球。（P38）

The ballet dancers were all tall and graceful. 这些芭蕾舞演员都个子高高的，动作十分优雅。His handwriting is flowing and

graceful. 他的字写得流畅优美。

34. strength / stre?θ/ n.力量；体力

Jordan's skills were impressive, but the mental strength that

he showed made him unique. 乔丹的技能令人印象深刻，但他表现出来的精神力量使他与众不同（P38）。

In general, you have to do strength training two or three days

a week.

一般来说，你每周要做二至三天的力量训练。

It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength

again.

可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。

She didn't have the strength to walk any further. 她再也走不动了。

【拓展】

（1）strengthen /?stre?θn/

vt. 加强；巩固；使坚强

The exercis are designed to strengthen your stomach

muscles.

这些活动目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。

Our bodies are strengthened by taking exerci. 参加锻炼可以增强我们的体质。

Repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge. 这座桥需要加固。

vi. 变强

The wind strengthened overnight. 夜里，风更大了。

【高考链接】

He's strong enough to lift a car! 他力气大得能抬起一辆汽车！

We should be strong enough to deal with any difficulty.

我们应该足够坚强，能够处理任何困难。

35. failure / ?fe?lj?(r) / n. 失败；失败的人（或事物）

Jordan says that the cret to his success is learning from his

failures.乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中吸取教训。（P38）

He was a failure as a teacher. 他当教师并不成功。

Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。

The success or failure of the plan depends on you. 这项计划的成败取决于你。

All my efforts ended in failure . 我的一切努力最后都无济于事。

【拓展】

fail / fe?l/ vi. & vt. 失败；未能（做到）；不及格

I can accept failure; everyone fails at something.我可以接受失败；每个人都会在某件事上失败。（P38）

What will you do if you fail? 如果你失败了打算干什么？

She failed to get into art college. 她未能进入艺术学院。

He failed（in）his driving test. 他驾驶执照考试不及格。

36. give up放弃；投降

Losing games taught him to practi harder and never give

up.

输掉比赛教会了他更努力训练，永不放弃。（P38）

She doesn't give up easily. 她决不轻易认输。

I give up--tell me the answer. 我放弃了，把答案告诉我吧。

37. compete / k?m?pi:t / vi.竞争；对抗

An athlete should think about honour and his/her fan if he /

she is competing for his/her country.如果为国家参赛，运动员应该考虑荣誉和他的球迷。（P41）

compete in sth. 参加……比赛（竞争）

How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic

Games?

有多少个国家参加古代奥林匹克运动会？

He's hoping to compete in the London marathon. 他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。

compete with/against sb. 同某人比赛（竞争）

compete for sth. 为……比赛（竞争）

Our Greek cities ud to compete against each other just for

the honour of winning. 我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了赢得荣誉而

彼此竞争。

They competed with each other to attract more customers.

他们互相竞争以吸引更多的顾客。【拓展】

（1）competition /?k?mp??t??n/ n. 比赛；竞赛

Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating

which need snow and ice.

但是却有像滑冰和滑雪这类需要冰雪的比赛项目。

in competition with与……竞争

We are in competition with four other companies for the

contract.

我们在与其他四家公司竞争这项合同。

【高考链接】

（2）competitor / k?m?pet?t?(r) / n. 竞争者

More than 10,000 competitors from different countries came

to Beijing to compete with each other in the Olympic Games for

medals. 来自不同国家的一万多名参赛选手来到北京参加奥运动会为了奖牌而相互竞争。

（3）competitive /k?m?pet?t?v/ adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的

We need to work harder to remain competitive with other

companies.

我们必须更加努力工作以保持对其他公司具有竞争力。

38. make n 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚

That doesn't make any n! 这个行不通/没有意义。（P41）

This ntence doesn't make n. 这句话没意义。

It doesn't make n to argue with him. 和他争论没有任何意义。

Her advice doesn’t make n to me. 她的建议对我来说没有意义。

John wasn't making much n on the phone. 约翰在电话上说得不大清楚。

make n of 懂得；了解... 的意义

Can you make n of what I say?你能领会我说的意思吗？

I can't make n of this poem. 我弄不懂这首诗的意义。

39. pretend /pr??tend/ vi.& vt.假装；装扮

Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer

like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? 你是否唱卡拉OK，并假装自己是像宋祖英或刘欢一样著名的歌唱家？

He pretended to his family that everything was fine. 他对家人佯称一切都好。

pretend to do sth 假装做某事

A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it

helps his/her team.

足球运动员即使是帮助自己的球队也不能假摔。（P41）

If you pretend to know what you don't know , you'll only

make a fool of yourlf.

不懂装懂就会闹笑话。

pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事（强调动作正在进行）

The boy pretended to be doing his homework when his

mother came in．当他妈妈进来的时候，这个男孩假装正在做作业。

pretend to have done sth 假装做了某事（强调假装的动作已经完成）

He pretended to have forgotten his promi．他假装忘记了他的承诺。

40. even if/though 即使；虽然

WeChat Pay(微信支付) makes our life convenient. We can buy

things even if/though we don’t take any money. 微信支付使我们

的生活很便利。即使我们没带钱也可以买东西。

You will miss the flight even if/though you catch a Didi car.

即使你打滴滴车，你也赶不上航班了。

Even even if/though it should rain tomorrow,they will go for

an outing.即使明天下雨，他们也

要去游览。

Even if/though the forest park is far away, a lot of people visit

it every year. 即使那个森林公园很遥远，但是每年都有很多游客到那里参观。

41. million /?m?lj?n / num. —百万

They sold their hou for about 1.4 million pounds. 他们把的房子卖了140万英镑。

millions of 数百万的

It is wrong to pay people millions of yuan to play sport.

给人们几百万元来参加体育运动是不对的。（P41）

Millions of people all over the world watched the football

game on TV.

全世界数百万的人通过电视观看这场足球赛。

/ t?i:t /

vi.作弊；舞弊

You should never chea t. 你永远不应该作弊。（P41）

John cheated in the exam, and the teacher kicked him out of

the class.

约翰考试作弊，结果被老师赶出了教室。

vt. 欺骗；蒙骗

Although people may cheat you, be honest anyway.

虽然人们可能会欺骗你，但不管怎样，你都要诚实。

He cheated the old lady of her money. 他骗取了老太太的钱。

n. 欺骗手段；骗子

He looks honest, but actually he is a cheat.

他看上去挺厚道，可实际上他是个骗子。

43. audience /di?ns / n. 观众；听众

I e what you mean, but the audience wants fair play.

我明白你的意思，但观众希望公平竞争。（P41）

The audience were greatly moved by his performance. 观众们被他的表演深深打动。

His speech made a strong impression on the audience.

他的演说给听众留下了深刻的印象。

ve / ?p?z?t?v / adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的

By being positive about mylf and my body, I became both

happier and healthier.通过对自己和身体保持积极的态度，我变得更快乐、更健康。（P42）

She tried to be more positive about her new job. 她力求对新工作更有信心。

Keep a positive attitude and good things will happen. 保持乐观的心态，好事自然会发生。

I was positive that things were going to turn out fine. 我确信事情最终会好起来的。

/ sl?m / adj. 苗条的；单薄的

I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though

I knew that it was impossible.

我一直想看起来像电视上的苗条女孩即使我知道这是不可能的。（P42）

She was tall and slim. 她是个瘦高个儿。

How do you manage to stay so slim? 你是怎样把身材保持得这么苗条的？

/ ?da??t /

n.规定饮食；日常饮食

I worried about my weight and tried every new diet I read

about online.

我担心我的体重，尝试了我在网上看到的每一种新的饮食。（P42）

Everybody has to eat, but do you eat a healthy diet? 人人都得吃饭，但是你有健康的饮食吗？

a balanced diet 均衡的饮食

a low-fat, salt-free diet低脂肪无盐的饮食

go on a diet/ be on a diet节食

I decided to go on a diet before my holiday. 我决定在休假前节食。

vi.节食

She's always dieting but she never ems to lo any weight.

她总是在节食，但体重好像并未减少。

a difference有作用或影响

I had no idea a letter could make such a difference! 我不知道一封信会有这么大影响！（P42）It shows that a knowledge of first

aid can make a real difference.

这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要作用。

The dog makes a big difference to my life. 小狗对我的生活产生了很大的影响。

Whether he is here or not will make no difference to our work.

他在不在对我们的工作没有影响。

/ ?rɑ:e?(r) / adv. 相当；有点儿

She fell and hurt her leg rather badly. 她跌倒了，腿伤得相当重。

I didn't fail the exam; in fact I did rather well!

我没有考不及格，事实上，我考得不错！

It was a rather difficult question. 这是个相当难的问题。

rather than 而不是

Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight,

things began to change.

一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重时，情况开始发生变化。（P42）