鸠摩罗什论文:论鸠摩罗什对中国佛教思想文化的影响

2024年2月20日发(作者：论语书)

鸠摩罗什论文：论鸠摩罗什对中国佛教思想文化的影响

【中文摘要】鸠摩罗什作为我国佛教文化史上一位影响深远的历史人物,为佛教的中国化做出了不可磨灭的贡献。罗什大师的弘法活动,使“法鼓重振于阎浮,梵轮再转于北天”(僧肇《鸠摩罗什法师诔文》)。其间虽有弥天法师为其先导,僧肇、慧远等作为辅助,究其实乃大师博大精深的佛学造诣使然。罗什大师对中国佛教思想文化的影响从如下三个方面阐述:一、对中国佛经翻译的影响。罗什大师作为中国佛教的开创者和奠基人,结束了“格义时期”,对佛典的翻译开创了一个新世纪,在中国佛教史上建立了不朽的金字塔。可以说,没有鸠摩罗什,就没有中国佛教。他一生翻译出《大智度论》、《中论》、《妙法莲华经》、《阿弥陀经》、《金刚般若波罗密经》等三十余部佛经要典,达数百卷之多,流传广、影响大,而从根本上改变了中国佛教的面目,使一个真正中国佛教的清晰轮廓开始展现在世人的面前,中国佛教从此步入了大发展的时代。二、对中国佛教哲学的影响。在罗什大师以前的佛教传播,大多靠神通来显化,罗什东去带来的大乘空宗理论,它以丰富的内含极大地启发了中国哲学界,魏晋的玄学讨论因而得以上升到一更高的层次。他的译籍,大部分都成为了中国佛教各派立宗的经典依据,所译大品和小品《般若经》,当时就是般若学的要典,他翻译的《维摩诘经》被认为是中国文学的瑰宝之一;他翻译的《金刚经》和《心经》是在中国被引用最多的佛经;他翻译的《阿弥陀经》是净土宗的基本经典之一;他翻译的《妙法莲华经》促成了天台宗的形成;

他翻译的《中论》、《百论》、《十二门论》三部论典,是隋唐高僧吉藏创立三论宗的依据,《十住毗婆沙》也是华严宗所重的经论之一,所译禅经和戒律类经典也产生了很大影响。罗什的译籍,为佛教的中国化提供了深厚的基础。使佛教哲学,与儒、道两家分庭抗礼,变成中国文化学术的一派巨流,以后才有儒、释、道三家之学,共同构成中华民族思想文化之全貌。三、对中国佛教文化的影响。罗什大师译著对后世散文、诗歌、戏剧、小说创造都有借鉴意义,特别是对佛教塑像、绘画艺术,起到了重要作用。风行各地的佛寺、佛塔,形成了中国建筑的独特格局,成为影响后世建筑的坚实基础。遍及全国的石窟寺塑像和壁画,为汉文化的心理结构和民族精神注入的新鲜血液,成为源远流长的中华民族传统文化不可分割的组成部分。

【英文摘要】Kumārajīva in a far-reaching historical

figures buddhist culture in the history of our country, he made

an indelible contribution to the buddhism in China. The dharma

activities of master Kumārajīva make Dharma Drum revive in Yan

Fu and Although Master Mitian did pioneer and Sengzhao Huiyuan

as auxiliary , the profound study of Buddhism is accomplished

master impact of Kumārajīva Chine buddhist

thought and culture from the following three aspects:First, the

impact of the Chine translation of Buddhist

Kumārajīva the pioneers and founders of

Chine Buddhism, make an end of the “Graig righteousness

period”, the translation of Buddhist opened a new century and

it was established in the immortal pyramids in the history of

Chine Buddhism. It can be said, no Kumārajīva , no Chine

Buddhism. All his life, He translated more than thirty Famous

ures such as《big should Theory》、《Compromi

Theory》、《tip lian hua jing》、《Amount by mituo》、《the king

boluomi dao》.His translation of Buddhist scriptures are as much

as hundreds of volumes, They spread wide impact and

fundamentally change the face of Buddhism in China, so that a

truly clear outline of Chine Buddhism began to show in front

of the world, and the Chine Buddhism entered the era of great

, the impact on the Chine Buddhist

philosophy. The spread of the Buddhist before master Kumārajīva mostly rely on supernatural powers to manifest, master Kumārajīva brought thefrom east , its

abundant Contents greatly inspired the Chine philosophy,

Metaphysical discussion in WeiDynasty and Jin Dynasty were

incread to a higher level . His translation of nationality

of the Chine Buddhist factions had mostly become the classic

ca basis for legislation. His translation of large items and

pieces “of Wisdom Sutra” is Important theoretical books of

Wisdom at that time ;he translated the “Offerings” which is

considered as a treasure of Chine literature; his translation

of the “Diamond Sutra” and “Heart Sutra” is the most cited

in the Chine Buddhist scriptures; his translation of

“Amitabha Sutra” is a classic one of the basic Pure Land

Buddhism; his translation of the “Lotus Lotus Joaquin

“contributed to the formation of Tiantai; his translation of

the” Zhong theory “,” Bai theory “and “ twelve doors’theory “ were the basis of“three discussion faction”which

is founded by the monk Jicang in Sui and Tang Dynasty ,《ten

lives shiva sand pelatiah》is the classic theory of the the

Huayan classic translation of the Chan books and

Jielu books also had a significant impact. Kumārajīva ’s

translation of nationality for Buddhism in China provide a

solid foundation and buddhist philosophy could cntend with

confucianist and Taoists..From then on , buddhist philosophy

became an important part of Chine cultureThird, the impact

on the Chine Buddhist culture. Master Kumārajīva’s

translation made an important reference to the later master of

pro, poetry, drama, fiction, especially for the Buddhist

statues and paintings, The temple and pagoda which is popular

around the whole country formed a unique pattern of Chine

architecture and a solid foundation for the building of future

generations. Statues and murals in cave temples throughout the

country became the psychological structure of Chine culture

and Injected fresh blood into the national spirit, a long

history of traditional Chine culture, an integral part. It

has become the integral part of the Chine traditional culture

in the long history.

【关键词】鸠摩罗什 佛经翻译 佛教思想文化 深远影响

【英文关键词】Kumarajiva Translation of Sutra

Buddhist thought and culture Far-reaching implications

【目录】论鸠摩罗什对中国佛教思想文化的影响3-48Abstract4-51.2 研究综述8-111 导言8-13中文摘要1.1 问题的提出1.4 本1.3 研究方法11文的创新与不足11-1313-272 鸠摩罗什对中国佛经翻译的影响2.1.1 格义时2.2

2.1 罗什之前的佛经翻译13-15期的佛经翻译13-142.1.2 道安的佛经翻译14-15罗什大师的翻译风格及影响15-2715-182.2.1 罗什的翻译风格3 鸠摩2.2.2 罗什译经集团的深远影响18-27罗什对中国佛教哲学的影响27-40哲学概念的理解27-3027-283.1 罗什之前人们对相关3.1.1 魏晋玄学的主题3.1.3 六家偏3.2.1

3.1.2 佛教般若学的兴起28-29而不即29-303.2 罗什传播大乘中观学派30-34

罗什弘传大乘般若思想的主旨30-33深远影响33-3434-4035-363.2.2 罗什般若思想的3.3 对汉传佛教诸流派的影响3.3.1 对三论宗发展产生的巨大影响3.3.2 对天台宗产生的影响36-373.3.3 对中国禅宗的影响37-4040-464 鸠摩罗什对中国佛教艺术的影响4.1.1 对古代文4.1 对文学艺术的影响40-43学的创作手法的影响40-41响41-43像渊源43-44结论46-4851-524.1.2 对古代文学创作思想的影4.2.1 佛教造4.2 对佛教造像的影响43-464.2.2 佛教造像的进一步中国化44-46参考文献48-51在读期间发表的论文后记52

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