新概念英语第二册课文及翻译(教师用书)

2024年2月19日发(作者：小楼一夜听)

新概念英语第二册课文及翻译

Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话

Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good at. The play was very interesting.

I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They

were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I

looked at the man and the woman angrily(状语). They did not pay any attention. In

the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said

angrily. ‘It’s none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private

conversation!'.

上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！” “不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！”

【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】生词和短语

★private adj.私人的

it's my private letter/hou ；美式英语private school:私立学校 英式英语：公学 ETON (private school)

privacy：隐私 it's a privacy. adj.

《Private Ryan》 private soldier：大兵

private life：私生

Letter n. 首字母

public：公众的，公开的

public school ； public letter 公开信 ；public place :公共场所

★conversation n.谈话 uni ver转动 uniform

Uni--bi--tri--quar-pent-x/hex-pt-oct-nov---dec

Bilateral trade 双边贸易 triangle quarter pentagon x

古罗马历法 10个月---12

凯撒大帝 julis---July 七月

屋大维 augusto--August 八月

September九月(原七月）---ptwolves

October 十月（原八月）---octopus

November

December---- decade

subject of conversation：话题

辨析： conversation, dialogue, talk, chat

这些名词均含“交谈”之意。

conversation： 一般用词， 指两个或更多人互相交换意见的交谈。

talk： 通用词， 可与conversation换用， 但当talk用作复数时指正式交谈。如six-party talks 六方会谈 / phone talks 电话会谈 / peace talks 和谈（和平谈判）。

dialogue： 指“对话”， 多指剧中的对白。

chat： 指熟人之间非常随便的交谈， 强调谈话的亲密和非正式性。

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★theatre n.剧场，戏剧

cinema: 电影院

★at n.座位

have a good at(place) take a at : 座下来，就座

take your at/take a at

Is the at taken? 这个座位有人吗？no/yes

sit down ,plea

at take your at,plea

be ated,plea 更为礼貌

at是及物动词，后面有宾语

sit是不及物动词，后面不加宾语

at后面会加人; at sb; at him; at sb.:让某人就座

he is sitting there. you at him;

〖语法精粹〗

When all tho prent(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.

ated

★play n.戏

★loudly adv. 大声的

★angry adj. 生气的

cross=angry ; I was was cross.

annoyed: 恼火的;

I was annoyed. I was angry/cross.

I was very angry.

be blue in the face; I am blue in the face.

★angrily adv. 生气的

副词修饰动词

★attention n. 注意

Attention ,plea. 请注意

pay attention :注意

pay attention to : 对什么注意

You must pay attention to that girl.

pay a little attention :稍加注意

pay much attention :多加注意

pay more attention :更多注意

pay no attention :不用注意

pay clo attention 密切关注

链接 1） draw/catch/arrest/attract one’s attention

吸引某人注意力

2） turn one’s attention to ...把注意力转向…

3） focus/fix one’s attention on 集中注意力于…

4） distract/divert 分散注意

★bear(bore,borne) v. 容忍

I can't bear/stand you

endure :忍受,容忍 endurable

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put up with :忍受

I got divorced.I could not put up with him

suffer:遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)+痛苦

I suffer the headache. Suffer from

He often suffers defeat.

bear/stand/endure=put up with

忍受的极限在加大

bear n.熊 white bear

bear hug :热情(热烈)的拥抱 give sb a bear hug

★Business n. 事

Business man :生意人 business card /name card 名片

do Business: 做生意 Harvard business college

on Business:出差

I went to Tianjin on Business.

thing 可以指事情,也可以指东西

It's my Business 私人事情=It's none of your Business= None of your Business

★rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地

rude adj.

【课文讲解】

Last week

go to the theatre

e a film,go to the cinema

go to the +地点 表示去某地干嘛

go to the doctor's 去看病

go to the dairy 去牛奶店

go to the + 人 + 's 表示去这个人开的店

go to the butcher's 买肉

go to school: 去上学

go to church: 去做礼拜

go to hospital(医院):去看病

go to the Great Wall

go home; 跟Home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息

I am at Home

enjoy, enjoy onelf:玩的开心 have a passion for 热爱

enjoy+sth :喜欢,从当中得到一种享受

I like something very much./I love something.

I enjoy the class.

I enjoy the music.

I enjoy the book.

enjoy the dinner/film/program/game

were sitting :当时正座在

过去进行时态 :过去的某个时间正在发生的动作

一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述

I+be+v(ing)

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The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her.

The girl is reading a book in the garden.

got :变得,表示一种变化,got angry

I am/was angry 是一个事实

I got angry:强调变化过程

It is hot.

It got hot.

got取代be动词,got是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词

说话的时候喜欢用缩略.I'm not,he isn't,they aren't

写的时候会说:I am not,he is not,they are not

I didn't do sth,I did not do sth

hear:听见

hear+人:听见某人的话

I could not hear your pardon?

I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your word.

I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.

Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words.

turn round:转头

I could not bear it./you./the noi.

I can't hear a word.

hear a word, a word 等于一句话

May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?

写作当中的第一步从完整句子开始写起

sitting behind

behind: 在...后面

in front of :在...前面 (相对静止的概念)

before : 在...前面 (+词、句子、一定和时间相连)

above: 在...上面

ahead of: 在...前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)

He arrived before six o'clock.

Before he came back

Ahead of time

He goes ahead of me.

any——用在否定句和疑问句中

some——用在肯定句中

none——没有任何东西、没有任何人 None knows./None of us knows.

not any=no

not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面

He didn't pay attention

no——形容词、修饰名词

I don't have any friends./I have no friends.

I have no time./I don't have any time.

【KEY STUCTURES】 关键句型

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Word order in simple statements: 简单陈述句的语序

陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号

6 1 2 3 4 5 6

when? Who? Action Who? How? Where? When?

Which? Which?

What? What?

---主语一般有名词或代词构成 you can u the smartphone.

The girl （sitting over there )gives me an apple.

who is sitting over there 定语 修饰 的

非谓语动词 （ 现在分词ing，过去分词ed，动词不定式 to do）

sitting over there =who is sitting over there 简短

Me 间接宾语 apple 直接宾语

2 ---谓语由动词充当

3 ---宾语

4 ---副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语

I like her very much

5 ---地点状语

6 ---时间状语可以放在句首或句末 I like the girl very much in Beijing last year.

简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语

主语——>动词——>宾语——>状语

状语: 放在最前面是副词,方式状语,表示状态/程度的状语,下面是地点,然后是时间

1.主语和动词不能少

2.如果时间和地点连在一起,先放地点,再放时间

如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配 when and where

练习：

排列句子The little boy; an apple; this morning; ate greedily; in the Kitchen.

The little boy ate an apple greedily in the Kitchen this morning.

排列句子 game; played; yesterday; in their room; the children; quietly

The children played game quietly in their room yesterday.

Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？

It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch

time.

Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside.

'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my

aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to e you.' 'But I'm still

having breakfast,' I said.

'What are you doing?' she asked. ‘I’m having breakfast,' I repeated.

'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!''

那是个星期天，而在星期天我是从来不早起的，有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的

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时候。上个星期天，我起得很晚。我望望窗外，外面一片昏暗。“鬼天气！”我想，“又下雨了。”正在这时，电话铃响了。是我姑母露西打来的。“我刚下火车，”她说，“我这就来看你。”

“但我还在吃早饭，”我说。

“你在干什么？”她问道。

“我正在吃早饭，”我又说了一遍。

“天啊，”她说，“你总是起得这么晚吗？现在已经1点钟了！”

until

1. prep. 到…为止， 在…以前

I stayed up until four o’clock trying to get my assignment done. （用作介词， 引出时间状语）

我熬夜到四点以完成功课。

非谓语动词：现在分词 ing 过去分词 ed 动词不定式 to do

汉语 重 意合

英语 重 形合

后面加(时间状语)从句,前面就是主句

1) His father didn't die until he came back. (肯定)

直到他回来,他爸爸才死。

2) His father was alive until he came back. (否定)

直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的。

conj. 到…为止， 在…以前， 直到…才

Nothing is learned until you can u it. （该句中是用作连词，因为它后面跟的是句子）

★outside adv. 外面 作状语

He is waiting for me outside. Inside adv.

It is cold outside.

★ring() v.(铃、电话等)响 (刺耳的)

The telephone(door bell) is ringing.

给某人打电话 : ring sb.

Tomorrow I'll ring you.

打电话(名) : give sb. a ring

remember to ring me/remember to give me a ring

★ring a bell 提醒， 使…想起 （听力必备词汇）

Does this name ring a bell? 这个名字是否让你想起点什么？

n. 环状物 ，圆圈 , 戒指

The kids sat in a ring around the teacher. 孩子们围坐在老师周围。

The Lord of the Rings 《指环王》 landlord n.地主

★aunt n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈

uncle: 叔叔 sibling n.兄弟姐妹

cousin: 堂兄妹 offspring n. descendant n.

nephew: 外甥

niece: 外甥女

Vi. 不及物 Vt.及物动词

★Would you mind repeating your question plea? 你能重复一遍你的问题吗？

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History always repeats itlf. 历史总在重演。

Anyone can make a mistake, but only a fool repeats it. 人人皆犯错， 只有傻瓜一犯再犯。

★repeat + that…

She repeated that she had no interest in this field. 她一再说她对这个领域不感兴趣。

→ n. repetition His cond book is full of repetition. 他的第二 本书有许多重复之处。

→ adj. repeated repeated mistakes 老出的错 / warnings 不停的警告

→ adv. repeatedly He visited her family repeatedly, begging her to marry

him. 他一再地拜访她家，求她嫁给他。

1. What a day!

感叹句， 用来表示说话人的喜怒哀乐， 一般用感叹词how或what引导， how修饰形容词或副词， what修饰的中心词是名词。

What引导的感叹句基本结构：

★What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词 （单数） ＋主语＋谓语! （主谓可省）

What a beautiful day （it is） !

★What＋形容词＋可数名词复数 （或不可数名词） ＋主语＋谓语！

What cute puppies （the are） !

What lovely weather （it is） !

How引导的感叹句基本结构是： How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语

How terrifying the experience is!

2. It’s raining again.

“下雨了！” 有多种表达法。如：

It’s drizzling. （毛毛雨）

It’s raining cats and dogs. （大雨瓢泼）

I will be there for you, rain or shine! （风雨无阻）

3. “I’ve just arrived by train,” she said. “I’ m coming to e you.”

交通方式= by + 具体交通工具 derail

by train / bus / bike / ship / plane / light rail / subway / MRT （mass rapid transit）

／minibus /motorbike / moped （助动车）等等， 除了on foot。

Lesson 3 Plea nd me a card 请给我寄一张明信片

Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited muums

and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 'Then he

lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I

thought about postcards. My holidays pasd quickly, but I did not nd any cards to

my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought

thirty-ven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还

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没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！

Word Study

vt.(spoiled or spoilt)

1). ruin 破坏，糟蹋，使…不如意

The rain spoiled the picnic. 下雨了，野炊泡汤了。

Too much oil spoils the soup. 油太重了会坏了汤的味道。

几种破坏：

打破玻璃用break;

damage:破坏，但是程度不一定很重;

destroy：破坏，彻底摧毁;

以上三个是指物理上的破坏，而spoil主要指精神上

2). 娇惯，宠爱

The child is badly spoiled. 那孩子给惯坏了。

3). 食物变坏，变质

Meat spoils easily in summer. 夏天，肉容易臭。

4). 谚语

Spare the rod and spoil the child. 省了棍子惯坏了孩子/不打不成材

5). spoiler

spoil-sport 扫兴的人

Don' t be such a spoil-sport ! 别这麽扫人兴!

公共的，公众的

这个词我们在第一课见过了，基本用法和private一起记。下面再说两点：

1）public hou简称pub：酒吧 bar

2）in public:公开的; in private:私下里的

ly adj. Lovely

friendly adj.友好的

以-ly结尾是形容词，同样的还有lovely

friendly单独用，一般做宾语来用

作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好，用短语in a friendly way

1). 亲切的，和蔼的，友好的

A doctor should be a friendly person. 医生应该亲切。

friendly nations 友邦

a friendly smile 亲切的微笑

a friendly match 友谊赛

2). 有利的，有益的

a friendly rain 及时雨

a friendly warning 忠告

3).be on friendly terms with sb. 与某人关系融洽

This company is on friendly terms with clients. 这家公司与客户的关系很好。

4). friend

make friends with 与某人交朋友

A friend in need is a friend indeed. Adj.真正的

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患难朋友才是真正的朋友。

5). friendship 友谊

lend color to 使某件事情显得可信

The success of the experiment lends color to his theory.

实验的成功使他的理论更可信。

lend an ear to 耐心而同情地听

We should lend an ear to tho international refugees.

我们应该耐心听听国际难民的遭遇。

lend name to 参与某事

He never lends his name to violence.

他从不参与暴力活动。

lend a (helping)hand to 资助，帮助

The merciful boss lends a helping hand to the village with a school. Mercy

那位好心的老板资助这个村庄建学校。

on

做出决定做某事

make /reach/come to / a decision to do sth

decide to do sth

make up one’s mind to do sth

be determined to do sth determination n.

Success goes to the determined.==where there is a will,there is a way.

7. whole adj.整个的

on the whole 整体说来

The plan is successful on the whole.

整体来说，这个计划是成功的。

as a whole 总体来说

The book is worth reading as a whole.

总的来说，这本书值得一读。

the whole truth 全部真相

wholehearted 全心全意的，全神贯注的→wholeheartedly

wholeness 完整性 wholesale 批发

all of后面如果加代词，代词前面不需要修饰词，一旦要加名词，前面一定要加the

all of us;all of the students

a single bed 单人床 → a double bed 双人床

a single parent 单亲

biological parent 亲生父母

adoptive/foster parent养父母

the single life 独身生活→ a married life 婚姻生活

a single ticket 单程票→ a round trip ticket 往返票

have a word with sb 和某人说几句话

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have words with sb 与某人争吵

写作：in other words 换句话说

word for word 一字一句地，原原本本地

Can I have a word with you ? 我能和你说几句话吗？

Tony had words with his wife last night.

Tony 昨天晚上和妻子吵架了。

In other words, you can’t live without communicating.

换句话说，你活着就得交流。

She told me the whole story word for word.

她把事情一五一十地告诉了我。

Keep the word =keep a promi 信守诺言

Break a promi

n. v.

line up 排队

outline 轮廓，纲要，概述

underline 下划线 v.

read between lines 读懂言外之意

be online 在线

be offline 离线

Fans lined up for the signature from the super star.

追星族排队等候大明星的签名。

The architect drew an outline of the building.

建筑师画出了大楼的轮廓。

He outlined his theory in a few words.

他用几句话概括了他的理论。

When it comes to poet, we always need to read between lines.

说到诗，很多情况下我们不能只从字面上理解。

think about/of 考虑，思考，think of还可指 想到

What do you think of the weather today?

冷：cold,chilly(凛冽)，freeze:I'll freeze.(冻僵)

think over:仔细考虑

think out 仔细考虑，想出办法

think sth through 全面地考虑问题

think-tank 智囊团，专家小组 panel

thinkable 可以想象的，可以想见的 ----unthinkable 不可想象的

thinker 思想家 ,statesman,educator,poet

v.寄

寄信：nd a letter

用法：nd sth to sb/nd sb sth

类似的用法还有give,take,pass,

nd/take children to school

区别：take：强调某人亲自送;

nd则是通过第三人去送，如美国的校车

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本课重点：双宾语

双宾语指直接宾语(表示动作结果)和间接宾语(表示动作目标)

如在give sb sth中，sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语

间接宾语在后面时，其前必须加to

give sth to sb.(对……而做，翻译为“给”)或for(为……而做，翻译为“替”)

可以翻译为“给”，“替”，“为”的，就用for;如果只能翻译为“给”就以用to

give a book to me;I buy a book for you.

总结：用for的词：buy,order,make,find

Do me a favor plea.=Do a favor for me.

Exerci

paid some money to the shop-keeper.

writer brought the man a bottle of beer.

宾语补足语

muum n.博物馆

英语词源故事——muum（博物馆）：文艺女神缪斯

缪斯（Mus）是希腊神话中主管科学和文艺的女神们的总称，共九位。由于缪斯女神主管文艺，所以在古代西方，人们往往将杰出的艺术作品放在缪斯女神的神庙中，这就是博物馆（muum）的起源。它由mu（缪斯）和表示“场所”的后缀-um，本意就是“缪斯的神庙”。

同样，英语单词music（音乐）原本是mu的形容词，本意是“缪斯的（艺术）”，mosaic（马赛克、镶嵌艺术）的本意是“work of the Mus”（缪斯的作品），以前都是供奉给缪斯女神的。

Mu： [mjuːz] n. 司文艺、音乐、美术的女神缪斯

muum：[mjuː'zɪəm]n.博物馆

music：['mjuːzɪk]n.音乐，乐曲

mosaic：[mə(ʊ)'zeɪɪk]n.马赛克，镶嵌，镶嵌图案

那么多博物馆一定要记住我们的Palace Muum(故宫)

14.性别词缀-ess “女的，女性的，雌性的”

waiter →waitress 女服务员 只出现在餐馆里

actor →actress 女演员

prince →princess 公主

lion →lioness 母狮子

领班：chief waiter

商店里的店员：shop assistant

其他公共场所的服务员:attendant

15.语言不可数，所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian

summer里的last表示“上一个”

the last day里的last表示“最后一个”，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the，这时前面要加介词

+时间+地点

eg:I spent three hours in the a.

I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)

I spend my weekend at my mother's.

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I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.

Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been

there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has

already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an

Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.

He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been

abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂姆是个工程师，正在一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。

★New words and expressions

1.★exciting adj.令人兴奋的

激动->d ,exciting

excite, surpri, satisfy, frighten

等动词的词义中含有“使……”的意思 .它们的共同点就是都可以通过在后面分别加 -ing和-ed构成形容词，其中-ing词尾的形容词 用来表示所说明的物体或人给人的感觉，可以理 解成“令人……的”；

而以-ed结尾的形容词则用来表示“感到……的”，通常用来说明人的情绪。

excite 使……兴奋 surpri 使……吃惊

Satisfy 使……满意 frighten 使……害怕

an exciting speech 激动人心的讲话

an excited person （感到）兴奋的人

surprising news 令人吃惊的消息

a surprid child （感到）吃惊的孩子

interesting:令人感到有趣的;interested：感到有意思的

动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到……

eg:The news excited me. The book interested me.

2.★receive v.接受，收到

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.

同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。

在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。

This is John, one of my best friends. 这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。

Mrs. Smith, my neighbor, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。

3个接受：

receive 收到（不一定接受）客观的收到

accept 接受（肯定收到） 主观上乐意

receive(与have通用)： receive/have a letter from sb

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eg:This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it.

take:接受，与前两词无可比性，只需记住两个搭配：

take the exam;take advice adopt advice

衍生词： elevator n.电梯 elevate v.

receiver 接收器，接受者 receipt 收条，收据

reception 服务台 receptionist 接待员

receptive 接受得快的 adj.

He is receptive to new ideas concept。

他很容易接受新思维。

received 被普遍接受的 adj.

a received theory 得到广泛认可的理论

反义词：decline, refu, reject ,deny, turn down,

句型：收到……来信

receive a letter from=hear from

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

给……写信

write to sb=write a letter to sb=drop sb a line

3.★firm n.商行，会计行，事务所，公司等同于company

1）n.公司,企业 company , enterpri, corporation

2）adj.结实的，坚硬的

firm muscles结实的肌肉 firm soil 坚硬的土壤

3）adj.坚定的，不容易改变的

firm belief坚定的信仰 firm evidence 可靠的证据

firm refusal 严词拒绝

4）adv. firmly a firmly handshake

The knob was fixed on the door firmly.

把门把牢牢地安装在门上。

4.★abroad adv.在国外

注意是个副词，直接和动词连用，不需要介词

go abroad 去国外 aboard n. 甲板 v.登机

live abroad 国外定居

study abroad 国外学习

---different adj. --- difference n.

different adj. 不同的

★ adj. 不同的，相异的（经常与from连用）

We are planning something different（后置定语） this year. 我们今年有不同的打算。

My room is different from yours.

★ adj. 各种各样的，不同的 various diver culture----diversity

a wide range of all sorts of

This department store lls a large number of different things.

这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。

He has visited many different places in China. 他去过中国的不少地方。

be different from 与……有区别

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Tell the difference between A and B A和B 的区别

differ from… 与……有区别

differentiate 辨别，讲出或指出区别

I differ with him on the plan.

=I don’t agree with him on the plan.

关于计划，我和他的观点不一样。

Tastes differ. 萝卜白菜，各有所爱。

We must agree to differ on this.

我们必须承认在这个问题上有分歧。

Men and women differ.

Men differ from women.

Men are different from women.

There are differences between men and women.

One can differ men from women.

以上句子的基本意思都是：男女有别。

相同

be similar to 与……相似

remble to象，类似

the same as 与……一样

6.★have been+in 地点

他已经到北京了：He has arrived in Beijing. 瞬间动词

持续性动词 wait

到北京一年了，就不能用arrive了。因为arrive是表示点的动词，不能和段时间连用。

所以用我们的新句型：have been in 地点

He has been in Beijing for one year.

Has 第三人称单数/have第一，第二，复数 +动词的过去分词

Be动词-- am is are was were

现在完成时态的基本用法：

现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。常与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语：before (now)（以前）；so far（到目前为止），up to

now（直到现在），just（刚刚），already（已经），lately（最近），now（现在），for+ 一段时间；疑问句和否定句中常用ever，yet，never，not…ever等。

1.表示已经完成的事情，强调行为的结果，但不强调行为发生的具体时间

I have finished my work. 我的事（已经）做完了。

2.表示曾经有过的经历。

The professor has been nt abroad. 这位教授曾经被派出国。

3.表示过去发生的行为持续了一段时间，

He has lived there for years. 他在那里住了好些年了。

, already, ever, just等几个副词在完成事态

句子中的位置为：have（ *）done

句型操练模仿：规则动词和不规则动词的完成时

your breakfast

have 助动词之外，还可以是实义动词

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I have already had（have实际意义的动词） my breakfast.

him to leave.

He has already left.

her to comb her hair.

She has already combed her hair.

a letter to him.

I’ve already written a letter to him.

on the stereo.

I’ve already turned on the stereo.

her to wash the dishes.

She’s already washed the dishes.

him to read Macbeth.

He’s already read Macbeth.

a holiday.

I’ve already taken a holiday.

them to do their homework.

They’ve already done their homework.

your work.

I’ve already finished my work.

the carpet.

I’ve already swept the carpet.

her to make the beds.

She’s already made the beds.

7.★work in 强调工作的地点

work for 强调work，不是在游逛，是在工作

8.★a great number of后面一定要加可数名词复数

a lot of可加可数名词也可加不可数名词

它们是约等于的关系

I have a lot of/a great number of friends.

I have a lot of time.中的a lot of 就不能替换为a great number of了

9.★have gone to :去了某地没回来

have been to :曾经去过某地，现在不在那个地方

10.★from there:从那地方起

from既可以加时间又可以加地点

eg: from half past 8 to half past 11

from Beijing to Tianjin

11.★fly to Perth=go to Perth by air

fly to 坐飞机去 drive to 开车去

ride to 骑车（马、驴等）去 walk to 步行去

go+地点+介词 + 交通工具

go* by bike go *on horback go* on foot

12.★before用在句子的末尾是副词，翻译为“在此之前”，是现在完成时态的标志。

13.★find+宾语+形容词做宾补

find trip exciting; find the room clean

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注意，在本句中用的是find的进行时态。

在收听外台的广播中经常能听到find不用一般式，而用进行式。

eg:We're finding the program very exciting.

在写的时候用一般式，口语就用进行式

下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时（瞬间性动词）：believe，doubt，e，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，em，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，posss，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire

【Multiple choice questions】

1. Tim is in Australia. He went ___a___ Australia six months ago.

Ａ. to Ｂ. in Ｃ. at Ｄ. into

at… 表示位置 （be at是典型表示位置的介词短语）

go to… 只要有to这个感念, 它的后面一定要有宾语, go to the theater

go in… (in 做副词)很少加宾语 He went in.

go into… 有去的动作, 还有进入的动作 go into the room

move常用的意义是“动”、“移动”，在表达“搬家”这个意思时move可以单独使用，也可组成短语move to，move into，move in，move out。

move in:搬进来 move to the new hou:正在搬

move into :搬进去了 move out 搬走

Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow.

is in Australia. How long ___b___ there? 对一段时间的提问

Ｔｈｒｅｅ ｍｏｎｔｈｓ

Ａ. is he Ｂ. has he been Ｃ. has he Ｄ. was he

对段时间提问, 跟现在完成时相连

3. He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin＿c＿.

a. Quickly b. for a short time c . shortly d. in a hurry

quickly 指的是动作上的快 He went quickly .

for a short time 不久, 表示动作延续一段时间

soon = shortly 不久以后, 表示在这段时间之后，强调的是时间上的快

in a hurry:匆忙的（指动作）

Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞

Mr. James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in

Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a

telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a

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pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the

distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr. Scott has nt a great many requests for

spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has

begun his own private telephone rvice.

詹姆斯.斯科特先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修理部，现在他刚在平赫斯特买了另一个汽车修理部。平赫特离锡尔伯里只有5英里，但詹姆斯.斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机，所以他买了只鸽子。昨天，一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫特带到锡尔伯里。这只鸟只用了3分钟就飞完了全程。到目前为止，斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。就这样，他开始自己的私人“电话”业务。

★New words and expressions

st is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his

new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. 平赫斯特离锡尔伯里只有5英里，但詹姆斯·斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机，所以他买了12只鸽子。

(1)这句话由3个部分组成。but引导的句子与前面的句子为并列关系，so引导的句子表示结果。

his mother,the little boy threw himlf into his mother’s hug. 现在分词短语替代时间状语从句（简要）

the little boy saw his mother, he threw himlf into his mother’s hug.

(2)from 在这里表示距离上相隔，译为“离”、“从”等：

The school is a mile (away) from my hou.

学校离我家有一英里。

She has been away from home for 5 days now.

她离家已有5天了

1.★pigeon n.鸽子 贝亲

口语里常说：It's not my pigeon.=None of my business.这不是我的过错

2.★message n. 信息(可数名词)

an oral/ written message 口信/便条

与message相关的另一个词是 mesnger，意为“送信人”、“信使”等。

Message-mesnger

passage----pasnger with the passage of the time

Inform通知 ------information 信息(不可数名词)

leave sb a message:给……留便条

I'll leave you a message.

take a message for sb:替……捎口信

此句在电话里非常常用，如果你要找的人不在，对方会说：

Can I take a message for you?

或者你可以说：Can you take a message for me?

3.★cover v.越过

1)n.覆盖物 the cover of a TV/pot/car

2)n.可以躲避的地方，掩护shelter，refuge

I want to take cover from the rain.

我想躲雨。take cover: 找躲避的地方，from接躲避的对象

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The dert is treeless and gives no cover.

沙漠里光秃秃的，连避一避的地方也没有。

3)n.封面

I read the book from cover to cover.

我把这本书从头到尾读了一遍。 cover girl 封面女郎

4)n.幌子，伪装

They deal drugs under the cover of legal business.

他们打着合法生意的幌子进行毒品交易。illegal

Mortal----immortal

Vt. cover……with……

1)v.遮盖，覆盖，淹没，掩饰

The body was covered with a sheet.

尸体上盖着一块布。

The flood covered everything around there.

洪水把那里的一切都淹没了。

He laughed to cover his embarrassment. N. barcode

Embarrass v.

Embrace （em 在+brace手臂）

他用笑声来掩饰尴尬。

2)v.处理，涉及，适用于 include，deal with，apply to

The cour covers the basic parts of English learning.

这个课程涉及了英语学习的基础部分。

The rules cover any ca. 该规则适用于任何情况。

3)v..越过一段距离 cover+距离：越过 cover the distance

The car can cover 200 miles in an hour.

这种车每小时速度可以达到200英里。

4) v.报道 report

Many reporters are nt to cover the Olympics.

许多记者被派去报道奥运会。

5).掩护

6).discover v.发现 (dis→去掉， cover→覆盖物 )

discovery n.发现，发明的东西

4.★distance n.距离 dis+ stance stand

I will not agree to build the factory near the school.

I will never agree to

Never will i agree to build the factory near the school.

Under no circumstance will i agree to build the factory near the school.

Circumstance(circle+stance)境况，情况

adj:distant

以-ce结尾的名词，形容词一般以-t结尾

如：n. importance--important adj.

n. difference-- different adj.

n. Patience-----patient adj.

短语：

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distance-post 里程标 at a distance 隔一段距离

in the distance 在远处 keep distance 保持距离

at a respectful distance 敬而远之

distant view 远景 distant relations 远亲

a distant look 冷漠的表情 a distant date 遥远的日期

a distant likeness 细微的共同点

文化点睛：

中国人往往喜欢和人靠的很近，而英美人喜欢保持一定距离，他们认为自己周围的一切，包括空气都是自己的。所以在餐厅吃饭，想和英美人坐一桌，应该先问：Can I join you?或Can I share this table? 而不要直接去坐。

to now, Mr. Scott has nt a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent

messages from one garage to the other.

到目前为止，斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。

(1)这句话看起来很长，但却是个简单句。nt有两个宾语，一是requests，二是messages。from one garage to the other是整个句子的状语。

(2)up to now相当于until/till now，意思是“迄今”、“到目前为止”，一般与现在完成时连用：

Up to now, he has collected a good number of stamps.

到目前为止，他已收集了许多邮票。

up to now =up till now=so far 目前为止

Everything is going on well up to now.

So far, so good. 目前一切都好。

(3)request

1) n.要求，请求 request for:对……有请求，需求

，往往需要补充说明其内容，如课文中 requests for spare parts(索取备件的信件)。

He granted my request for more time.

他同意了我延长时间的请求

t sb to do sth=ask sb to do sth:要求某人做……

在口语中用require sb to do sth

外国人喜欢用被动：You're required/asked

短语：

at one’s request=at the request of sb 应某人的要求

come into request /be in request 成为需求，变得紧俏

as requested 根据要求，按照要求

No reporter will be allowed in at the chairman’s request.

根据主席的要求，记者不得入内。

With China’s entry to WTO, language talents come into request than ever before. 中国入世使语言人才空前吃香。

The conference room has been decorated as (it was ) requested. 会场已经按要求布置好了。

Customers made requests for better rvice. 顾客们要求更好的服务。

近义：ask for, apply for , solicit

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(4)a great many在这句话中为形容词短语。many单独使用时前面不加a，但加了great/ good等形容词后，前面要加 a：

A large/great/good number of 大量的 （可数名词复数）

A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.

好多树在这场暴风雨中被毁坏了。

a great many还可以作代词短语用：

He has read a great many of the books in this room.

这房间的书他好多都读过了。

A great deal of 大量的+不可数名词

this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' rvice. 就这样，他开始了自己的私人“电话”业务。

(1)rvice作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务;

它作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作：

The rvice in that hotel is quite good.

那家旅馆的服务很不错。

You have done me a great rvice.你帮了我很大的忙

(2)在课文中，rvice的意思是“业务”、“公用事业”等。

这类用法一般有：

the mail rvice(邮政业务);

the telephone rvice(电话业务);

a travel rvice(旅行社);

a news rvice(通讯社)等。可以看出，rvice既可以指公用事业的业务，也可以指办这些业务的机构。因此，课文中的“'telephone' rvice”实际上是个大词，有一种幽默感。

6.★spare part 备件

1）adj.多余的，空余的，空闲的

spare room 空着的房间 spare time 空余时间

spare cash 余钱，闲钱 spare tire 备用轮胎

2）v.节省，饶恕，让出，

He does not spare himlf.

他对自己要求很严格。

Can you spare me the book for a few days?

把这本书借我几天好吗？

spare no pains(efforts) to do 不遗余力做某事 （全力以赴）

spare no expen 不惜工本

7.★rvice n.业务，服务

be at your rvice随时听候您的吩咐

(I'm glad to be)At your rvice. 我很乐意为您效劳。

文化点睛：

[总结]对Thank you.的回答：

1）-That's all right./That' OK.

绝对正确，绝对过时。只有老人还用，已渐渐被遗忘。

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2）-You are welcome./Not at all./(It's)My pleasure./At your rvice.

在演讲讲座的结尾，演讲者会说：Thank you for your listening.此时以上回答都不准确，回应是报以热烈的掌声。

如果一个老外给你说Thank you.你一激动想不起怎么回答，最聪明的回答就是：No， thanks.同样对sorry可以回答：No sorry.

8.★another:其它中的一个(+单数名词)

One miracle after another 一个又一个的奇迹

One problem after another

other(adj)+n.(可为单数或复数) 其它的 other people/books

the other:两个之中的另外一个(直接用，后面什么也不加)

句型：一个……另一个……

eg:I have two is watering the flowers,and the other is reading.

others=other+名词复数 n.其他 句型：一些人。。其他人。。。

eg:Some boys are playing football,and others are rowing/going boating.

选择题

Mr Scott has a garage in __B_garage is in Pinhurst.

r ent

C错。el:其它的。el会放在被修饰词的后面。

它只能修饰两种词：1.疑问代词：who el,what el;2.不定代词：anyone

el,anything el.

D错。 A和B语法上都对，但A不好。

原因：/a是冠词;his/my/your是形容词性物主代词;my mother's是名词所有格。在语法上，以上三个词是不能同时并存的，一般要用只能用其中一个。所以his和another=an+other不同时出现。

在这里可以用但是用的不好，是因为语法的范围正在放宽松。

r强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个，强调的是有三个以上。

加单数就表示一个，his取代the的位置。

9.★距离的表达方式:Pinhurst is five miles(away)(from Silbury).

Bus stop is only one mile (from school/here).

对距离提问：?

How far(away)is the bus stop?

10.★get a telephone:安装电话

11.★carry:带着，携着，意味着这个东西不会落地

I carry the bag.

take则是着地：I take my sister to the cinema.

12.★a great many=a great number of (+可数名词复数) 许多

a lot of太简单了，把它放到一边吧，有舍才有得：)

13.★关于way的几个短语：

★in this way:这样，以这种方式 in a friendly way

★by the way:顺便说以声(口语开头，插入语，用来转移话题，或使很严肃的问题变得较随意) btw,ILY, TTYL,IDK,ASAP

★on the way(to):在去……的途中(陈述句)

on the way to school/the office;on the way home

I met Mary on my way to school.我在去学校的路上遇到了玛丽。

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★in a way:从某种意义上来说，在某种程度上

In a way you are right.从某种意义上说你是对的。

★in the way:

1）.挡路：Sorry,you are in the way.但一般不需要说，只要说Excu me.就行。

out of the way:让路

如果那个人死活不给你让路，你说：Get out of the way!滚开!

2）.=in this way 按照，以……方式：

记住一个句型：in the way you showed me.

eg:I fly the kite in the way you showed me.

但是in the family way不是以家庭的方式，而是指have a baby.(PREGNANT)

★get one's own way:随心所欲

语法 Grammar in u

1.一般过去时与现在完成时

在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时，要用一般过去时：

Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.

昨天，一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫斯特带到锡尔伯里。

在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作并且对现在有影响时，则要用现在完成时，时间状语可以是不特指的now, just，或者是for引导的一段时间，或者不加任何时间状语：

He has written a book. 他写了一本书。

…now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.

……现在他刚在平赫斯特买下了另一个汽车修理部。(现在拥有)

在一段文章中可以同时出现一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。因此，要根据具体情况灵活运用这些时态，体会它们之间的区别：

I have a brother, Tom. He is an engineer. He has been abroad for three years now.

Several days ago, I received a letter from him.我有一个弟弟，名叫汤姆。他是位工程师。他出国已3年了。几天前我收到了一封他的来信。

体会句子中完成时态和过去时态的区别。

1. A: When did you have breakfast? (ten minutes ago)

I had it ten minutes ago.

B: I’ve already had breakfast.

2. A: When did he leave?

(this morning) He left this morning.

B: He’s already left.

3. A: When did they go?

(a few minutes ago) They went a few minutes ago.

B: They’ve already gone.

4. A: When did you read this book? (last week)

I read it last week.

B: I’ve already read this book.

5. A: When did she write tho postcards?

(last night)

B: She’s already written tho postcards.

She wrote them last night.

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6. A: When did they go their homework? (this afternoon)

B: They’ve already done their homework.

They did it this afternoon.

7. A: When did you take your holiday? (last August )

B: I’ve already taken my holiday.

I took it last August.

8. A: When did she make the beds. (a short time ago)

B: She’s already made the beds.

She made them a short time ago.

9. A: When did he nd the letter?

(yesterday)

B: He’s already nt the letter.

He nt it yesterday.

10. A: When did you spend your money?

(this morning)

B: I’ve already spent my money.

I spent it this morning.

Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西·巴顿斯

I have just moved to a hou in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.

He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his

head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he

put a piece of chee in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbor told me about him.

Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every hou in the

street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.

我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子。昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门，问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。作为回报，那乞丐头顶地倒立起来，嘴里还唱着歌。我给了他一顿饭。他把食物吃完，又喝了酒。然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了。后来，一位邻居告诉了我他的情况。大家都认识他，他叫珀西.巴顿斯。他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾一次，总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒。

Word study

1.★beggar n. 乞丐

beg v.乞求，请求

I beg your pardon? 你可以说的再慢一点吗

ask for :请求得到 beg for :乞求得到

I begged her not to leave. 我乞求她不要离开我。

I have to beg a day off. 我得请一天的假。

I want to ask for a two days’ leave.

They take anything they want,

对于想要的东西他们会不择手段地得到。

beg for sth 请求得到

Beggars can not be choors. 饥不择食

2.★food n. 食物 不可数 a lot of food

3.★pocket n. 衣服口袋

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inner pocket:内口袋

jacket pocket coat pocket

pocket book:袖珍书

pocket dictionary:袖珍词典

pocket pick:车上的小偷

pocket money：(小孩)零花钱 (不是零钱，零钱是change)

beer money:(男人)零花钱

18世纪，在小说里有时能见到女人的零花钱是针线钱。但是随着时代的进步，剩下的money都归女人管，所以女人无零花钱。

关于call的几个短语：

call for 要求

The occasion calls for a cool head.这种场合需要冷静的头脑。

call at+地点=visit someplace =call on sb

I will call on you.=I will call at your home.

call out=shout 大声喊 call in sb 招集和邀请

For the project,the government called in a lot of experts.

Experti n.

I call on my teacher once a week. 我每周去看一次老师。

She calls at the school every year. 她每年去学校探访一次。

a call of nature 内急 本性，天性，本能

answer the call of 响应…的号召 recall （向后+召唤） v.回忆

Sorry，the subscriber you dialed is busy now/power off ,plea redial later.

call a meeting召集会议

call the roll点名

Let’s call it a day。 今天就到此为止吧。

call off 取消活动= cancel

They called off the business for lack of credit.

由于信用问题，他们取消了这笔生意。

call sb=call up sb:给某人打电话 call back:回电话

-Can you take a message for me?

如果不想让第三人知道，你可以说：

Can you tell him to call back?

5.★ask sb for sth:问某人要什么东西 ask for 请求

for：为了这个目的去请求某人。sb更多的时候并不出现，而直接说ask for sth,因为强调的是东西而不是人。

eg:The boy asks (his parents)for money again/once more.

搬家，移动，感动，

move to 搬到… move out搬出…

moving 令人感到.......的 =touched’

a moving film 感人的电影 get move 行动起来

moved 感动的

He was deeply moved by her words. 他深深地被她的话打动了。

movable 可以移动的

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mobile 可以移动的 mobile phone 手提电话

Motion n. motivate v. 激励 motivation n. 动机

Import export transport v. 运输 passport

transnational company

Portable（carry） 便携式的

portable typewriter 手提式打字机

knock into/ bump into / run across 偶然碰到

I knocked into a long lost friend the other day.

有一天，我碰到一位失去联系多年的朋友。

knock out 击倒

Tyson was knocked out at the tenth round.

Tyson 在第十回合被击倒。

knockout 亮点，引人注目的人或事物 focus spotlight n焦点

She is a knockout in that red dress.

她穿那套红色的连衣裙很打眼。

knock about / around 游荡，漂泊

The family knocked about for years before ttled down in Beijing.

这家人四处漂泊了几年后在北京定居下来。

knock off 停止, 压低价格

What time do you knock off?

你什么时候下班？

Knock 20% off the bill and I’ll take it.

优惠20%我就买。

return for this：作为对什么的回报

（ this 在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情）

in return:作为回报 in return for 作为报答

He doesn't want anything in return.

I'll buy a prent for him in return for hospitality.

hospitality: n.热情 inhabitable =Inhospitable adj.

I bought my wife a ring for valentine’s day and she bought me a suit in return.

情人节的时候我给妻子买了一枚戒指， 她给我买了一套西装。

I did all the washing and cleaning in return for his kind entertainment.

我洗碗扫地以报答他对我的款待。

on his head：倒立 动词+介词+身体部位

lie on back 仰卧

lie on stomach 俯卧

lie on side 侧卧

get on one’s feet 站立

stand on one’s knees 跪

stand on one's hands:用手着地

upside down 把东西倒立着放

right side up 把东西直立着放

about

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to tell the truth 说实话 tell a truth 错

tell the fortune 算命→fortune-teller 算命先生

tell a story 讲故事 →story-teller 讲故事的人

know right from wrong 知道对错

know of 了解，听说过

I know of Lei Feng but I don’t know him.

我知道雷锋的事迹，但是我不认识雷锋。

拓展：

well-known 著名的= famous， famed，distinguished 显著的 褒义的 notorious

adj. 贬义的

unknown for unknown reasons 由于不知道的原因

knowledge 知识

knowledge-intensive 知识密集型的

knowledgeable 知识渊博的 =learned adj.

acknowledge 承认，答谢， acknowledgement

know-how 窍门，实际知识

His business know-how is . Excellence n. excel v.

他的业务能力相当出色。 excel at =be good at=specialize in

some…others… 一些…另一些…

Many people get to Las Vegas every year, some for gambling, others for sighteing.

每年都有很多游客来拉斯维加斯， 有些是来赌博的，有些是来观光的。

some +单数可数名词 “某……”

Some referee was arrested for bribe.

某位裁判由于受贿被逮捕。

some +数词 “大约”

Some 200 pasngers were killed in the air crash.

Car crash 拟声词 splash 泼，溅

大约有200名乘客在空难中丧生。

ast 早餐

lunch 中餐 supper 晚餐 dinner 正餐，宴会

luncheon 午宴 banquet 宴会 feast 酒席，大餐

night snack 消夜 barbecue 烧烤 BBQ picnic 野餐

snack 快餐 cocktail party 鸡尾酒会

★难点

1.有些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义。这种新的组合称作短语动词。

如：put：放 put on:穿 put off=postpone

take：拿走 take off:脱下

look：看

look at:看;look for:寻找;look after:照顾;look out:当心

Knock knock at:敲

knock off:1)下班 He knocked off earlier.

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2)knock sth off+地点：从……把……撞倒

knock the va off the table

3)打折 knock 10% off the price

knock over

A car knocked the boy over.

[注]如果有地点：off;无地点：over

knock out:打晕(拳击术语，把人****在地)

ody作为主语一定作单数看待，属于不定代词(something important)

important meeting

所有的不定代词作主语一律为单数看待。

everybody,somebody,anybody,something,anything,everything

each/every 每一个

each:强调个体; every 强调整体

every adj.+n. 每一个(书，本，人等)

each adj.&pron.:each adj.+n; each pron.直接作主语或者宾语

every

each /

every 不能做主语;each 强调个体，使用第三人称单数

3.★英语：in the street

美语：on the street road avenue n.大道

Block n.街区 v.堵塞

ate the food and drank the beer. 1)本句为由and连接的并列句，而且前后结构完全一样，使得整句话颇有节奏感。

ody knows him. 该句话为什么使用一般现在时，而不用一般过去时？因为该句话描述的有关这个beggar的一般情况。

a month，次数+时间单位，表示每隔段时间的频率是多少。

once a month:一个月一次 twice/ three times a day

five kilometers an hour

once a month:每月一次，属于频率

对频率提问：how often提问

多久：how long 提问次数：how many times

特殊疑问词：how，when，what，why，where

疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语动词？助动词（be动词，情态动词，do）

When did you come to China last time?

What can I help you?

Are you coming with me ?

How many times do you visit your mother each month?

I visit my mother once a month.

How long do you visit your mother?对时间提问

How often do you visit your mother?对时间和次数提问

How soon 多久以后

How soon will you finish your Homework?

本文语法：冠词的用法（定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词）

语法归纳：

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1、不定冠词：a/an泛指一个，后加单数可数名词，具有不确定性。如：a pen,

an egg pens

2、定冠词：the特指一个，后加单、复数名词均可，一般具有确定性。如：A dog is barking at me. The dog is black and white.

3、零冠词，即不用冠词的情况，如人名和地名前面，如：John lives in London.

the united states

课文中含有冠词的例句及解析：

asked me for a meal and a glass of beer.

他向我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。

语言点1 meal前可加a,而breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不直接加不定冠词。Have breakfast

冠词语法精讲：

1 不定冠词的用法

冠词本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词，另一种是不定冠词，还有一种是零冠词。

不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。

1) 表示"一个"，意为one;指某人或某物，意为a certain。例如：

A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。

2) 代表一类人或物。例如：

A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切割的工具。

Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程师。

3) 组成词组或成语，如a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many /

many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while

/ have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a sudden等。

2.2 定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那(这)个"的意思，但意义较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

1)特指双方都明白的人或物。例如：

Take the medicine. 把药吃了。

2)上文提到过的人或事。例如：

He bought a hou. I've been to the hou. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

3)指世上独一物二的事物，如the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth等。

4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。 the poor the disabled

poverty n.贫穷

5)用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面。例如：

基数词 one two three four

序数词 第一 第二 first ，cond，third，forth

Where do you live? I live on the cond floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。

That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。

The most beautiful girl

6)与复数名词连用，指整个群体。例如：

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They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)

7)表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如：

She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。

8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。例如：

the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国

The democratic Party communist

the United States 美国

9)用在表示乐器的名词 之前。例如：

She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。

10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。例如：

the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)

11) 用在惯用语中。例如：

in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday, the next morning,

in the sky (water，field，country)

in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,

in the middle (of), in the end,

on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre

句型模仿

注意句子中名词的用法：

单数可数名词

1. I bought a book this morning.

Books aren’t very expensive.

2.I bought a bottle of milk this morning.

Milk isn’t very expensive.

3.I bought a pen this morning.

Pens aren’t very expensive.

4.I bought a bar of chocolate this morning.

Chocolate isn’t very expensive.

5.I bought a piece of chee this morning.

Chee isn’t very expensive.

6.I bought a postcard this morning.

Postcards aren’t very expensive.

7.I bought an umbrella this morning.

Umbrellas aren’t very expensive.

8.I bought a bottle of beer this morning.

Beer isn’t very expensive.

9.I bought a comb this morning.

Combs aren’t very expensive.

10.I bought a tine of tobacco this morning.

Tobacco isn’t very expensive.

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〖语法精粹〗

can you___b____if you are not ____?

A. listening / hearing

B. hear / listening

C. be listening / hear

D. be hearing / listening to

listen听/hear听见

如果你不听，怎么可能听见呢?

be 不能加动词原形;be+ -ed/-ing

can+动词原形

girl even won't have her lunch before she_D___her Homework.

finish

finishing

finished

es 主句 一般将来时 从句 一般现在时

won't=will not

状语从句中，用一般现在时取代将来时.

（who have applied for the post）__A__in the office.

being interviewed

interviewing

iewing

be interviewing

apply for 申请 applicant n。 application n

who 在名词后面，引导定语从句

interview 面试

从句(have applied for)现在完成时，主句缺少谓语动词

being interviewed 被动

interviewing 主动

old scientist _C____to do more for the country.

wishing

been wishing.

been wished 合理不合情

scientist 科学家;wish 希望

表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态.

wish do

he___A___, don't wake him up.

sleeps

still sleeping

had been sleeping

be sleeping still

if——一般用一般现在式

如果他在睡觉的话，不要吵醒他

1.关键词

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2.上下文

3.潜在含义

now 现在进行时

often,always 一般现在时

just,already 现在完成时

last week,一般过去时

Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚

The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were

expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier,

someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the

plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while

others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried

it into the Customs Hou. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two

others opened the parcel. To their surpri, the precious parcel was full of stones and

sand!

飞机误点了，侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重包裹。数小时以前，有人向警方报告，说有人企图偷走这些钻石。当飞机到达时，一些侦探等候在主楼内，另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。有两个人把包裹拿下飞机，进了海关。这时两个侦探把住门口，另外两个侦探打开了包裹。令他们吃惊的是，那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子！

Word study

ive n. 侦探

detective story 侦探小说

Science fiction/romantic novel(fiction)/historical fiction

Build a romantic relationship with sb

Fairy tale

Detect v. 发现；察觉；注意到

I detected something unusual here. 我觉得有什么不对劲。

You may detect danger anywhere in a jungle. 丛林里到处能感觉到危险。

Detect v.---detective adj.---detection n.

detectable 可以发觉的

t n. 机场 airport航空港

passport护照→port 港口

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import 进口 →im-进入

export 出口 →ex-向外

Transport v. 运输 transportation system n.

trans→跨越距离 port→运送，搬动(carry)

transplant 移植 （换地方种植）

Organ donation organ transplant

Organic adj.有机的

translate 翻译 （换语言表达） trans-cultural communication

Transnational company

porter 搬运工

portable 便携式的，手提式的 portable computer

PC personal computer

airfield n. 飞机起落的场地

field 田野; airfield 停机坪

at the airport

on the airfield

v. 预料，预计，期望，等候 except 除……之外

I think so. I expect so.我希望如此[口语]

expect do sth.期待某人做某事

We expected you to come yesterday. 我们原以为你昨天到。

expect sth.及物动词：I expect your letter.

Parents always expect much of their children.

父母往往对孩子有很高的期望。

Mr. Wang is expecting you. 王先生在等候您呢。

wait for sth./wait for sb.不及物动词

expect:心理上的等待 wait for:动作上的等待

I wait for my mother. I expect my mother to come back.

expected 预期的

expectant 期待的，怀有希望的

The expectant fans are waiting for the superstar.

追星族热切地等待大明星的到来。

expectancy预期，期待 life expectancy 寿命

expectation n.期望

We should try our best to live up to our parents’ expectation.

1).n.价值

Your advice is of great value=valuable你的建议很有价值。

Of great importance=important

2). v.估价；定价

He valued the ring at $80.

他估计这枚戒指值80美元。

3). v.尊重；珍视

I value your advice. 我尊重你的劝告。

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evaluate评价 →evaluation--apprai--estimate

devalue 贬值，跌价 decouraging market

valuable 贵重的=precious

★valuable adj. 贵重的

★precious adj. 珍贵的

valuable/ precious

precious带有感情色彩，是真心喜欢的

如：precious photo 珍贵的照片

如果不谈感情，valuable和precious是一样的。

priceless adj.-less 表否定;没有价格的，无价的(price 价格;)

valueless adj. 没有价值，不足道的

worth 值：worthless adj. 无价值的

Penniless adj.身无分文的

d n. 钻石

precious stone 宝石

crystal 水晶;

jade 玉 sapphire 蓝宝石 ruby红宝石

diamond ring 钻石戒指

v. 偷steal,stole,stolen

1).偷窃

2).悄悄地动, 静静地流

steal into the room 潜入房间

steal away 溜掉

Mist stole over the valley. 雾悄悄地把整个山谷笼罩起来。

The years steal by. 岁月不知不觉地过去了。

The feeling steals upon me. 我不知不觉产生了这种感情。

3).偷偷地做某事

The young man stole a kiss on the girl’s face.

小伙子偷偷地在姑娘的脸上亲了一口。

The kid stole a punch on my back and ran away.

小孩子偷偷地在我背上打了一拳就跑了。

文化点睛：

在中国，认为在不知道的情况下是“偷”，明目张胆的就是“抢”。而英语不区分。

我们说“我的钱包被偷了”和“我被偷了”是一个字，而在英语里是两个词。

My wallet was stolen. I was robbed. robber

steal sth 偷(某物); rob sb 抢(某人)

跟地点相连也用rob：rob the bank

adj.主要的

main永远不修饰人，不能说main person

Desrt appetite r Bon appétite！

Bon voyage!

C’est La vie!

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main cour主菜

the main street主街道

main building 主楼

mainframe 主机箱，主机 framework n.框架

main idea 主旨

v.守卫 n .

an honor guard

the guard of honor 仪仗队

bodyguard 保镖

life guard 救生员 Safeguard 舒肤佳

be on guard 提防，警戒

be off guard 疏忽，不防备

keep guard, 守望，警戒，与 stand guard(站岗，放哨)意思相近

介词短语作后置定语

A beautiful girl

Something valuable

diamonds from South Africa 从南非来的钻石

a man with glass 戴眼镜的男人

a girl in red 穿红色衣服的女孩

to one’s+表示情感的名词，表示“令…感到…”

To their surpri, the so-called investor is a swindler.

令他们吃惊的是，那个所谓的投资商是骗子。

To his disappointment, the expected party was called off.

令他失望的是，他期待的聚会取消了。 like -dislike

Can i have a date with you?

Make an appointment with

Much to her delight, she got the job.

令她高兴的是, 她得到了那份工作。

To my relief, the cour is going on well.

我感到宽慰的是，课程进展顺利。

to one's joy to one's dismay 沮丧

to one's excitement

be full of ...装满

My bag was full of books.

The cup is full of water.

句型模仿：注意两句合并的时候as的用法

表示“正当……的时候”。

1.A: He was getting into the bath.

Then someone knocked at the door.

B: Just as he was getting into the bath, someone knocked at the door.

Someone knocked at the door as he was getting into the bath。

2.A：She was getting off the bus.

Then she slipped and hurt her foot.

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B: Just as she was getting off the bus, she slipped and hurt her foot.

she slipped and hurt her foot as she was getting off the bus.

3.A: They were leaving the hou.

Then the postman arrived.

B: Just as they were leaving, the postman arrived.

4.A:I was going upstairs.

Then the telephone rang.

B: Just as I was going upstairs, the telephone rang.

5.A: We were getting into the car.

Then it began to rain.

B: Just as we were getting into the car, it began to rain.

6.A: I was finishing my breakfast. Then Aunt Lucy arrived.

B: Just as I was finishing my breakfast, Aunt Lucy arrived.

7. A: We were going to bed. Then someone knocked at the door.

B: Just as we were going to bed, someone knocked at the door.

8.A: I was buying a ticket. Then the train came into the station. B: Just as I was

buying a ticket, the train came into the station.

9.A: She was shutting the door. Then the baby woke up.

B: Just as she was shutting the door, the baby woke up.

10.A: He was crossing the road. Then he saw the accident.

B: Just as he was crossing the road, he saw the accident.

一般过去时与现在完成时

共同点：动作在过去都做过了。

区别：过去式只能强调过去的事，和现在没有任何关系。

I ate a piece of bread.

现在完成时，过去的事情对现在产生的影响。

I have eaten a piece of bread this morning.I'm not hungry.

The clock stopped.陈述事实

The clock has stopped.过去的事实对现在造成影响

It snowed yesterday.

It has snowed yesterday.强调对现在造成影响

重点：过去动作同时发生的时态

过去进行时：过去进行时，一般过去时

瞬间动词(arrive)无进行时态

I am arriving

1.过去两个动作同时发生，习惯上一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时;动作长用过去进行时，动作短用一般过去时;

When he arrived,I was having dinner.

同时发生的两个动作，均用过去进行时

2.分工的情况，动作的开始时间和结束时间几乎相同，均用过去进行时;

I was listening to the radio,my sister was dancing.

When I was doing my Homework,my mother was cooking.

When my mother was doing the houwork,my father was watching TV.

2.两个动作在同时段进行，在不同时间结束，先发生的动作未结束，另一个动作

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发生，先发生的动作用进行时态，另一个动作用过去时.

When the telephone rang,I was opening the door.先开门

When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door.

电话先响

3.瞬间动词没有进行时态，所以两个动作同时发生，延续性动词用进行时态，瞬间动词使用过去时态。

Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的

Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for

'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's

garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and

vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built

a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every

year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the

worst garden in the town!

乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大，他比乔也更为勤奋，种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但乔的花园更富有情趣。他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。我也喜欢花园，但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。每年的花园竞赛我也参加，但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖！

Why is Joe's garden the most beautiful one in the town?

1.★competition n. 比赛，竞赛（暗地里的竞争）

compete with sb compete for sth

He competes with others for the first prize in the race.

他在赛跑中和别人争第一名。

competitive examinations 选拔考试

competitive prices 有竞争力的价格

Competitive advantages 竞争优势

参考词汇：

所有的比赛都可以通称为competition

速度比赛：race race

球赛：match ll match

contest n. 比赛（更广泛） 用的更多，除了以上的比赛，都可以说contest

baby contest 宝宝大赛；beauty contest 选美

game : 游戏, 运动

2.★neat adj. 整洁的, 整洁的，井井有条

clean adj. 干净的

neat=tidy v.

Girls always keep their rooms neat while boys always have messy ones. 女孩的房间通常整洁而男孩的房间多数凌乱。

a neat answer 巧妙的回答 a neat speech 简练的发言

neat weight 净重 gross weight a neat figure 匀称的身材

Neatly adv. neatness n.

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近义参考词汇：tidy, clean, trim

反义参考词汇：dirty, untidy，messy

3.★path n. 小路，小径

path, lane, drive, avenue, road, highway, way(仅供参考)

path一般指小道，小径，特别是林间或田间小径，

而且通常是由人走出来的，而不是修筑的。

The path cuts across the forest. 这条小路穿过树林。

Short cut 捷径

He made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.

他修筑了几条整齐的小路，并且在池子上架起了一座木桥。

lane 巷子，也指宽阔街道上的车道

Its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been

kept away from the living areas.

宽阔的马路有十四条车道，都远离生活区。

He walked along the country lane. 他走在乡间的小径上。

drive一般表示私人住宅前专为私人的车子而铺设的车道，也指游览 车在游览区行驶的小路。

The car entered the gate and stopped at the end of the drive.

车子进了大门，在车道的尽头停了下来。

avenue指的是城市中宽阔的大街或者林荫道。

He is staying at the Fifth Avenue. 他住在第五大道。

road指市区外车辆或马匹行走的道路。

Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.

今年年底，工人们将要修筑好新的马路。

highway指来往车辆多的公路。

A highway bridge is being built over the river.

那条河上正在修筑一座公路桥。

way 和road的含义相同，但多出现在某些习惯语中。

He lives across the way. 他住在马路的对面。

I lost my way in the heavy fog. 我在大雾中迷路了。

On the way, a young man waved to me.

在途中有个年轻人向我招手。

This is the way to the station. 这是通向火车站的路。

to pave the way for 为…铺平道路。

He went that way. 他向那个方向走去了。

He is always in my way. 他总是碍我的事。

A man came in my way.一个人向我走来。

4.★wooden adj. 木头的

wooden, golden, woolen , leaden

表示材料或者颜色的形容词

a wooden cupboard 木质橱柜

golden years 金色年华

woolen sweater 羊毛毛衣

leaden sky 灰色的天空 lead n.铅

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5.★pool n. 水池

人工的 swimming pool

Pond池塘 天然的 Golden Pond

and Enter for

enter

★ vt.&vi. 进入

Enter+ 地点名词

Always knock on the door before you enter.

★ vt.&vi. 参加，加入

We’ve entered into an agreement. 我们已达成一项协议。

He soon entered their conversation.

enter for 表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词 报名参加, 强调报名

enter for the exam

She entered (her name/herlf) for the mathematics competition. 她报名参加数学竞赛。

take part in 真正的参加

sign up for 报名参加

enlist in 报名参加

1) Will you enter ___for___ this week's crossword competition?

Crossword 文字游戏

2)Many athletes have entered ___for___ the Olympic Games this year. (athletes =

sportsman 运动员, 体育家 )

Olympus --Olympic n. Titan----titanic adj.巨大的

:赢 （won，won） I win. I lo win-win situation 双赢局面

win something I win the book. I win the gold cup

win后面往往是奖品

win a prize:赢得了一个奖

win a prize for:因为...而获奖

win不能接对手

打败：defeat+对手 I defeat you.

和almost意义相似，表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思。

I have nearly forgotten his name. 我差点把他的名字忘了。

I’m nearly/almost ready. 我快预备好了。

Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. 的

名词加-’s表示所属关系，构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西，非凡是人。 a map of China

所有格的语法作用相当于形容词，限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略，只要不引起误解。

He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.

和build在这里是同义词，“修建，建造”。make的词义比较笼统、广泛，可解释为“做、作出、制造”等，而build主要限于建筑业，指“建造，建设，盖房子，修筑（桥梁）等”

Have you made the skirt by yourlf?

They have made a road along the river.

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著名的“清华大学科学馆门牌”的新闻，就与U和V的渊源相关——曾经北京市《京华时报》登出了一篇文章，文章称清华大学科学馆的门牌上英文名称“SCIENCE BUILDING”被写成“SCIENCE BVILDING”，被一名游客发现后，反映给媒体，引起人们关于应不应该把“错写的”“BVILDING”该回来的争论。当然，没有英语词源学常识的人肯定会对于这里的“BVILDING”大惊小怪，他们怎么能接受一个司空见惯的单词竟然与他们的初中教材上写的不一样呢？怎么能够接受与他们随身携带的电子词典呢屏幕上现实的拼写不一样呢？殊不知，你们的英语教材和电子词典不也是“人”印刷出版的嘛！只要是“人”就会犯错楼！其实，在古英语当中，建筑物的书写方式正是“BVILDING”，只是后来有人信手写来才错写成“U”，后来以讹传讹写成了今天反而登堂入室的“BUILDING”呢！难道，清华大学科技馆历史如此悠久？竟然修建于字母U诞生（公元十世纪）之前？当然不是，其实它修建于1917年（年轻着呢），只是因为清华大学科技馆想让后人钦慕它的古老的建筑魅力，才在各个地方尽其所能地标榜古色古香的风范，故意写成古体字来包装自己。U代替V，能元能辅，给现代英语贡献了很多新的单词——

revolve／ v.

There is something wrong for the bike for the wheels fail to revolve when in motion.

猜一猜 A. 旋转 B. 启动 C. 运转 D. 滑动

翻译：：： 自行车有点毛病，因为轮子不转动。

前缀re反复，词根volve“转动”。反复转动即旋转。volvo

Revolution n.旋转，革命

★讲词★ “revolu-”演变自单词“revolve-旋转”，t-衔接字母，ion-名词后缀——旋转，后由“旋转”演变为“改变、转变”，最终引申为“革命”（革命就是“转变”命运）

★回答疑疑★ 为什么“revolve”发音变成“revolu-”的形式—

因为“v”不衔接任何辅音字母，只有换成它最亲近的元音“u”才能继续拼接辅音字母——足见字母的“u”的卓越贡献

★回答难难★ 那又为什么“revolve”是“旋转”呢——“volve-”是拟声词根，

★其发音在模仿生活中物体旋转时发出的声音“vo~vo~”（和著名的汽车沃尔沃volvo的命名创意如出一辙）

还有那些是volve词根衍化出来的单词呢？

Involve v. 卷入，连累（in 进入+volv+e→转进去→卷入）

volume n. 卷，册（vol+ume→卷→一卷书）

evolve v. 发展，进化（e 出+volv+e→转出来→发展，进化）

evolution n 进化，发育（e+volut+ion）

Key structures

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

比较级相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种句型，最高级则表示在某个范围“最……”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the，并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。

1、比较级和最高级的构成：

★ 单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er，-est，以辅音加-y结尾的词变-y为-i，再加-er，-est

Smarter smartest

★ 以-e结尾的词加-r，-st

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★ 以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母，再加-er，-est

★ 三个或者是三个音节以上（多音节）

比较级的构成 : more 原级 more beautiful ,最高级的构成 : the most

原级 the most beautiful

有一些双音节词既可在单词结尾加-er，-est，也可与more/less和most/least连用，如narrow，clever，common，pleasant等。

clever— cleverer— more clever

fun adj. 快乐 funner more fun （美国人用）

A a of information a a of faces

★ 有些构成是不规则的：

good/well(better, best)；bad/ill(wor, worst)

many/much(more, most)；little(less, least)；

far(farther, further , farthest， furthest)

（farther:距离上的远和更远，further:程度上的更进一步）

Further study 深造

further more(更有甚者)

old(older ，elder, oldest eldest)

older 比……大 She is older than somebody

elder 做定语修饰其他名词 elder sister (年长的)姐姐

2、比较级和最高级的用法

在使用比较级时，假如需要把所比较的两项都提到，那么就必须比较级后用than：

My room is cleaner than the one next door.

假如比较级之所指很清楚，它可独立存在：

Which hou do you prefer? I prefer the older one.

最高级的限定范围一般用of，among，in等介词短语；限定范围也可以是从句；假如范围很清楚，则可以省略。

John is the tallest of the three brother.

This is the coldest day in ten years.

Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met.

【Special Difficulties】

every构成的合成词

every和one，body，thing可以构成复合不定代词everyone，everybody，everything。Everyone和everybody一般可以替换使用，后面的代词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，但它们本身均被视为单数。

Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.

=Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do. 每个人都知道自己必须做什么。

Everything is going well. 一切都很顺利。

each和every均可译为“每一个”，两者常可互换。every只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直接做主语；each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在作代词时，直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数

Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.

【Multiple choice questions】

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1. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. It is ___B___ .

A. larger garden B. a large garden

C. large garden D. largest garden

2. The writer is fond of gardens. ___C___ .

A. They like him B. They like to him

C. He likes them D. He likes

be fond of=like

I like sth./ I love sth./ I enjoy sth./I am fond of sth.

3. Joe wins every time. He always ___B___ Bill Frith.

A. Wins B. beats C. gains D. earns

对手关系不能用win

defeat v. 击败 defeat sb.

beat v. 打败；打 gain =get sth.

earn vt. 挣得 earn money

4. Joe grows more flowers. More flowers ___A___ in his garden.

A. grow B. grow tall C. grow up D. grow big

grow vt. 种植: grow sth; grow flowers…

vi. 生长: sth. grow; flowers are growing

grow tall/grow big 变得……（一般不加形容词）

grow up 只和 人连用, 表示人的长大（up adv.表示向上）

5. Joe's garden is interesting. Joe is ___D___ in gardening.

A. Interesting B. interest C. interestingly D. interested

sth. is interesting ……是令人感爱好的

be interested in… 对……感爱好

6. The writer doesn't like hard work. It's __B___ to look after a garden.

A. a hard work B. a hard job C. hard job D. hardly a job

it 作形式主语; 真正的主语是to look after the garden

hard work 繁重的工作 work不可数名词；job可数名词

hardly adv.几乎不

Have you understood me?

Sorry, I have hardly understood you.

year the writer enters for the garden competition ___B___ .

A. Very B. also C. and D. either

very 不单独使用；and并列连词, 不放在句子末尾；either也, 表否定

also 表示也, 可以放在句子末尾；often 可以放在句子末尾

句型模仿

1.A: Jane is shorter than Mary.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think she’s taller.

2.A: Mary’s handwriting is better than Jane’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s wor.

3.A: Betty’s dress is less expensive than Jane’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more expensive.

4.A: Joe is taller than Bill.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think she’s shorter.

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5.A: Bill’s garden is wor than Joe’s.

B:I don’t agree with you. I think it’s better.

6.A: Joe’s garden is less interesting than Bill’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more interesting.

7.A: Bill’s garden is smaller than Joe’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s larger.

8.A: Jane’s collection of photo is bigger than Betty’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s smaller.

9.A: Joe’s garden is less beautiful than Bill’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more beautiful.

10.A: This book is less exciting than that one.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more exciting.

Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇

On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and

a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike

twelve in twenty minutes' time. Fifteen minutes pasd and then, at five to twelve, the

clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing

happened. Suddenly someone shouted, 'It's two minutes past twelve! The clock has

stopped!' I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refud to welcome the

New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.

星期三的晚上，我们去了市政厅。 那是一年的最后一天，一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面。再过20分钟，大钟将敲响12下。15分钟过去了，而就在11点55分时，大钟停了。那根巨大的分针不动了。 我们等啊等啊，可情况没有变化。突然有人喊道：“已经12点零2分了！那钟已经停了！”我看了一下我的手表，果真如此。那座大钟不愿意迎接新年。此时，大家已经笑了起来，同时唱起了歌。

★ New words and expressions

1.★welcome n.v.欢迎

★ n. 欢迎 a cold welcome 冷遇

★ v. 欢迎 welcome to+地点

welcome to China；welcome to my home；welcome home；welcome back

★ adj. 受欢迎的

You are welcome.

You are welcome to+地点

cold fish 冷漠的人 My brother is a cold fish.

英语中有许多以动物代替人的词，如：lucky dog 幸运的人

Love me,love my dog underdog Every dog has its day.

2.★crowd n.人群

★ n. 人群

in the crowd 在人群中

I spotted him in the crowd. 我在人群中一眼就认出了他

a crowd of people 一群人，没有次序的人群, 拥挤的人群

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a group of people 一群人，有次序的人群

★ v.拥挤, 挤满

a large crowd of people 一大群人

crowds of people 许多人, 人山人海

crowded 拥挤的

follow the crowd 随大流

crowd into 涌进

be crowded with 挤满，充满，满是

The bus was crowded with pasngers. 公共汽车里挤满了乘客。

表示群体的短语构成和理解

a crowd of an army of a cloud of a group of

a fleet of a party of a gang of a stream of

A fleet of laptops and smart phones

3.★gather v.聚集

★ vt. 使集拢，集合，召集

He gathered a large crowd of people round him.

★vt 收集，采集，收（庄稼等）

to gather information 搜集资料 gather crops收庄稼

The children are out in the field gathering flowers. 孩子们在外面地里采花。

It has taken me a lifetime to gather all the books.

收集所有这些书花了我一辈子的时间。

★ vi. 集拢，聚集，集合

They gathered under the Town Hall clock.

people gathered 人们聚集在一起, 尤指自发性的聚集

gather one's brows皱眉 eyebrow chin jaw

4.★hand n.(表或机器的)指针

minute/cond/hour hand:分/秒/时针

Which is the oldest? --cond hand

因为cond hand还有“二手的，旧的”意思

wait for a moment/wait for a few conds(cs.)

cs.是conds的缩写，在美国电影里经常能遇到

5.★refu v. 拒绝

★ vt. 拒绝（接受、服从等）

She refud the gift.

★ vt. 拒不，不肯，不愿

John refud to change his mind. 约翰拒不改变主意。

★ vi. 拒绝，不接受

I offered to pay him for his help, but he refud.

对于他的帮助我提出给他报酬，但他拒绝了。

Reject turn down

6.★shout v.喊叫

call out 大声喊叫 cry out大声哭喊 scream尖叫

7.★strike v. 打，击；敲，弹（钟，乐器等）

过去式----一般过去时

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过去分词 完成式---完成时态，被动语态

★ v. 打，击

She struck the man in the face.

★ v. 敲，弹（钟，乐器等）

strike the clock（人）敲钟

clock strike 钟自己响

Listen, the clock is striking.

strike twelve 数字表示敲击的次数

beat：连续不断的打 beat drums:敲鼓

敲门用knock，敲钟用strike

hit和strike在一定时候可以互换，都是一次性打，strike:hit hard

语法

s'名词所有格，用来表达时间

名词所有格表示时间或距离

It will leave in five minutes' time.

in twenty(minutes' time)名词所有格可省略

an hour's time

How far is the school from here?

3 minutes' walk. 三分钟路程。

n minutes pasd and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped.

… minutes pass … 几点过几分（前半小时，pass过了）

25 minutes pasd eight

… minutes to … 几点过几分（后半小时，to还没到）

a quarter to nine/15 minutes to nine

时刻指点时间, 时间指段时间。时刻前的介词用at

…(some time) pasd and then, sth. happened …时间过去了，…

An hour pasd and then, he arrived. 一个小时过去了，他终于来了。

…minutes later几分钟以后

waited and waited, but nothing happened.

waited and waited 等啊等啊, 强调动作的重复

（walked and walked；run and run）

vi.事情做主语, 事情发生

What happened?

Nothing happened.

5、It was true.

It was true that+从句 …是一个事实

6、The big clock refud to welcome the New Year.

refu to do sth. 拒绝去做某事

I refu to leave. 我拒绝离开

I refu to move. 我拒绝移动

7、At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.

at that moment = just then 就在那时

at the moment = now 现在, 此刻, 在此时

【Key structures】

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引导时间状语的介词in/on/at/during/till与until

1、用in的时间短语有：

★ 表示一天中的某段时间：

in the morning；in the afternoon；in the evening

★ 表示周、月份、年份：in a week；in January；in Feb；in 1992

★ 表示季节：in summer；in spring；in autumn；in winter

in+表示时间长度的短语可以表示"在某段时间之内"，这时可以与现在时、过去时或将来时连用，一般与完成某动作有关；还可译为"……时间之后"，一般与将来时连用。根据时态判别in表示的含义。

in twenty minutes' time 20分钟之后

We will finish class in half an hour.

2、用on的时间短语有：

★ 表示星期：on Monday；on Friday

★ 表示日期：on June 1st；on 23rd March（在书写日期时没有冠词，但在口语中则分别读为：on June the first；on the 23rd of March）

The apple the chair

★ 表示星期+日期：on Monday, June 1st

★ 表示具体时间：on Wednesday evening；on fine afternoon；on that day

3、用 at 的时间短语有：

★ 表示确切的时间：at five to twelve；at ten o'clock

★ 表示用餐时间：at lunch/dinner time；at teatime

★ 表示其他时刻：at night；at noon；at midnight；at that time

Fortnight 十四夜

4、during在……期间，后必须跟一个名词，可以指整个一段时间，有时可以用 in替代

He has phoned four times during the last half hour.

I met him sometime during the week.（不能用in代替） 我是在这一周的某天遇到他的。

during the holiday 强调假期的从头到尾

He enjoyed himlf during his holiday.

in the holiday 强调这段时间其中某一点时间, 并不表示自始至终 I was

caught in an accident in the holiday.

5、from…till… 指一段明确的时间：

The tourist ason runs from June till October.

6、until prep.&coin. 直到……时候，直到什么时候为止, 直到什么时候才

until主句和从句两个都用一般过去时对(最习惯的一种用法), 主句和从句任何一个用过去完成是也对。

I can't enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow.

I had not understood the problem until he explained it.

We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work.

We didn't disturb him until he had finished work.

We didn't disturb him until he finished work.(更习惯于这种用法)

7、from…to…

Everyday we have English class from 8:30 to 11:30

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关于时间表示方法 : What's the time?/What time is it?

A整点 : A o'clock

A点 B 分（B<30）: A B / B past A

A点15分 : A fifteen / fifteen past A / a quarter past A

A点30分 : A thirty / half past A

A点B分(B>30) : A B / (60-B) to (A+1)

A点45分 : A forty-five / a quarter to (A+1) / fifteen to (A+1)

【Special Difficulties】

Any，Any and No

any 用于否定句和疑问句中, some用于肯定句(或要求得到肯定回答的疑问句)

Do you have any friends?

I don't have any friends.

not 用在非实义动词后面, 实义动词前面.

not any=no 用在名词前面，no比not any的语气要强，但这两种否定的意义是相同的。

I have no friends.

no可构成复合词nobody，none，nothing，nowhere；any可构成复合词anybody，anything和anywhere。

在一个句子中通常只能有一个否定词（包括never，hardly等词）

【Multiple choice questions】

The people ___a___ under the Town Hall clock.

a. were c. is d. be

people:人们, 做主语一定是复数

police，cattle是集合名词，用复数

How many times did the clock ___d___ ?

a. hit b. beat c. knock d. strike

敲门用knock；敲钟用strike

hit（轻）和 strike（重 hit hard)在一定的时候可以互换，一般表示打一下。

beat v. 连续不断的打

beat drums 敲鼓

It refud to welcome the New Year. It ___c___ .

a. denied it b. wanted to c. didn't want to d. wished to

deny v. 否认, 拒绝去承认, 后面一般加名词

deny the fact

I denied that I had stolen the bicycle.

refu v. 拒绝

refu to do sth.

I refud to steal the bicycle.

一、on Wednesday evening

表示“在中午、下午、晚上”的时候通常

在morning，afternoon, evening这些词前面

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用介词in，但是如果这些词有定语的时候则

用on，例如：

on the evening of yesterday

在昨天晚上（of yesterday 是evening的后置定语）

二、in 和after表示“在…时间之后”时可以互换

in twenty minutes’ time （不可，注意time）

=in/ after twenty minutes

三、词的叠加：被叠加的是单个的词时

wait and wait 等啊等

walk on and on 走啊走

better and better越来越好

more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮

句型模仿：

1.A: When did he leave?

Eight o’clock.

B: He left at eight o’clock.

2.A: When did you visit your grandmother? 1996.

B:I visited my grandmother in 1996.

3.A: When did he arrive?

This morning.

B: He arrived in the morning.

4.A: When did you e him?

Wednesday.

B: I saw him on Wednesday.

5.A: When did she come here?

August the twenty-fourth.

B: She came here on August the twenty-fourth.

6.A: When did you meet him?

This afternoon.

B: I met him in the afternoon.

7.A: When did he go to the office?

Half past eight.

B: He went to the office at half past eight.

8.A: When did you buy that dress? Friday

B: I bought that dress on Friday.

9.A: When did he teach you English? 1994.

B: He taught me English in 1994.

10.A: When did you lend him that book?

The thirteenth of April.

B: I lent him that book on the thirteenth of April.

Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐

We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in

Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our

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family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.

Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys

too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not

allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。

★New words and expressions

1.★musical adj.音乐的 mus

music student:the student who learned music

musical student:有音乐天赋的

He is a musical talent. 他是音乐天才

A piano is the only musical instrument here.

这里唯一的乐器是一架钢琴。

She is very musical. 她酷爱音乐。

She has a very musical voice. 她的声音很动听。

musical box 八音盒 musical chairs 抢椅子游戏

2.★instrument n.乐器

instrument=musical instrument

instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。也可用来泛指各种乐器。

3.★jazz n. 爵士音乐 a kind of music

4.★clavichord n. 古钢琴 a kind of instrument

不是现代的piano

keep a dog 养狗 keep a shop 开店

keep a hou 治家

Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。

keep （on） doing =do sth repeatedly 一直做某事，不停做……

A young man and a young woman kept talking behind me.

一对青年男女在我后面不停地说话。

keep sb doing

The coach kept the players running for a whole hour.

教练让队员们跑了整整一个小时。

keep in touch with 保持联系 keep pace with 保持同步，保持联系

get in touch 取得联系

6.★key n.琴键

1).琴键the keys of a piano

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2).钥匙：the key to the door the way to school

3).答案:Do you know the key to the question?

4）.关键: key structure key points 要点

7.★recently adv. 最近

recently=lately in tho days = at that time 当时

in the days 现在

8.★damage v. 损坏 （通常可以修复或者恢复）

★ n. 损害，损失，伤害

The storm has done a lot of damage to the village.

★ vt. 损害，毁坏，损坏

The car was badly damaged in the accident. Adj严重的，非常的

Injure 受伤 destroy 毁坏，毁灭 程度更重

9.★shock v.使不悦或生气,震惊

★ v. 使不悦或生气, 震动

跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是 “人” (以物为主语)

The news shocks me. 这个消息使我震动

★ adj. 令人震动的

It is shocking.

★ adj. 感到震动

凡是能够用 “人” 做宾语, 又是表示人的情绪活动的动词, 有两个形容词形成：令人……（V ing）；感到……（V ed）

I'm shocked.

凡是能够用"人"做宾语，又是表示人的情绪活动的动词，有两个形容词形成：

1.令人……;+ -ing 2.感到…… + -ed

It shocked me. It is shocking. 'm shocked.

surpri 好事坏事都可以，只要你没有料到

I want to give you surpri.

shock 只能是坏事,让人感到不高兴

★ n. 震动

get a shock

sb. get a shock 某人很吃惊

10.★allow v.允许，让

allow doing sth.

Smoking is allowed.＝people allow smoking

No smoking。

allow sb. to do sth. / allowed to do sth.

allow常用于被动语态

You are allowed to smoke(被动语态)

You are not allowed to enter the room if you don't take the card with you

n.琴弦

a string of 一串 shoestring 鞋带

v. 触摸

★ vt.&vi. 触摸，碰

You are not allowed to touch the va.

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