中国古典诗歌流派

2024年2月15日发(作者：同坐的你)

中国古代诗歌流派简析

江西诗派

桐城诗派

虞山诗派

王孟山水诗派

岑高边塞诗派

公安竟陵诗派

汉魏六朝诗派

建安七子

永嘉四灵

有一定影响的诗派:

(1)屈宋。指战国时期的楚国诗人屈原和宋玉。他们都是“骚体”的创始者和代表作家。屈原是我国文学史上第一个大诗人，有关他的作品前文已有介绍，这

里不再赘述。宋玉写有《九辩》《风赋》等。他们的诗篇在艺术形式上有不少相似之处，如多用楚国方言，多依楚国音律，大都具有奔放而华美的风格。刘栅在《文心雕龙》中高度评价说:“屈宋逸步，莫之能追”。不过，屈宋虽并称，也有共同之处，但成就的大小却不能相提并论。

(2)三曹。指的是汉魏期间的曹操和他的儿子曹丕、曹植。曹操的诗多取材于动乱的现实，名篇有《茬露行》、《蒿里行》、《苦寒行》人短歌行》人龟虽寿》人观沧海》等。它们的共同特点是以质朴的形式披露作者的胸襟，“如幽燕老将，气韵沉雄”，形成了独特风格。曹丕的诗多描写男女爱情和游子思归，格调细腻委婉，语言浅显清丽，其中以七言诗《燕歌行》最为出色。曹植的诗充满追求和反抗，富有气势和力量，形成了“骨气奇高”、“词采华茂”的艺术特色。三曹，因

他们的政治地位和文学成就，成了当时文坛的领袖。不过，其中成就较多的是曹操和曹植，所谓的“建安风骨”，主要是通过他们的诗篇体现的。

(3)建安七子。“七子”之称出于曹丕的《典论?论文》，指的是孔融、陈琳、王桨、徐斡、阮璃、应踢和刘侦。其中，除孔融是曹操的政敌，后为曹操所杀外，其余六人都与三曹关系密切。他们的作品反映了社会的动乱，体现了进取的精神。王集是“七子之冠冕”，艺术上比较成熟，名篇有《七哀诗》人登楼赋》。

(4)竹林七贤。是指魏晋间的稽康。阮籍、山涛、向秀、阮咸、王戎、刘伶。《魏氏春秋》载:此七人“相与友善，游于竹林，号为七贤”。他们的诗歌以阮籍的《咏怀》和稽康的《幽愤诗》较有名，体现了对当时黑暗现实的不满。

(5)三张、二陆、两潘、一左。三张是指西晋诗人张载和其弟张协、张亢;二陆

是指西晋文学家陆机和其弟陆云;两潘是指西晋文学家潘岳、潘尼;一左是指西晋诗人左思。他们的诗歌偏重技巧，讲究词藻，被称为“太康体”。钟蝶的《诗品》中，有“太康中，三张、二陆、两潘、一左，勃尔复兴”之说，表明了他们当时的影响。其中，左思的成就较高，名篇是《咏史》八首。

(6)颜谢。是指南朝宋元嘉年间的诗人颜延之与谢灵运。他们的诗歌，多描写自然景物，注重词藻雕饰，被称为“元嘉体”。其中，谢灵运的成就较高，开创了“山水诗派”。他的《登池上楼》、《岁暮》、《人彭蠢湖日》等篇章，都有着千古传诵的佳句。

and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch

(jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the

Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the

supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd,

Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing

Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection,

investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan

investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection,

quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and bad on the

evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the

control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system:

there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit

and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings,

whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C)

the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is

comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and

the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of

investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E)

other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence

evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management,

Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan

investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether

investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be.

Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence asssment should

be bad on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity,

impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head

(7)竟陵八友。是指南朝齐代竟陵王肖子良门下的八个文学家:肖衍、沈约、谢恍、王融。肖课、范云、任时、陆捶。他们写诗注重声律，形成了“永明体”，其中，沈约、谢恍成就较高。是“新体诗”的代表作家。

(8)宫体诗派。是指南朝梁简文帝肖纲为首的一个诗派。《梁书?简文帝本纪》载:肖纲“雅好题诗。……然伤于轻艳，当时号日宫体”。宫体派的诗歌，多表现闺情，内容淫靡，形式绔丽。

(9)初唐四杰。是指唐代初年的王勃、杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王。他们的诗歌，开始改变齐、梁的缔靡风气，题材比较广泛，初具雄伟气势。杜甫在《戏为六绝句》第二首中写道:“王杨卢骆当时体，轻薄为文晒未休。尔曹身与名俱灭，不废江河万古流。”斥责了那些“轻薄为文”却耻笑:，四;杰”的人，肯定了“四杰”在诗歌上的成就。

(10)王孟。是指盛唐诗人王维和盂浩然。他们都多用五言诗描写自然景物，又都具有新颖清幽，生动形象的特色。人们把王、孟和储光羡、裴迪等人合称为“田

园诗派”。

(11)高岑。是指盛唐诗人高适和岑参。他们都以写边塞诗见长，又有着相近的艺术风格。名篇有高适的《燕歌行》、岑参的《白雪歌》、《走马川行》等。人们把高岑和王昌龄、李颀等人合称为“边塞诗派”。

(12)李杜。是指盛唐诗人李白和杜甫。他们并称，不是由于风格相同，而是因为各自的成就可以相提并论。关于他们的作品及成就前文已作专门介绍。

(13)韦刘。是指唐代中期的诗人韦应物和刘长卿。他们的诗多描写山水田园，被看作“山水诗派”。

(14)大历十才子。是指唐代大历年间的十大诗人。据《新唐书?文艺，卢纶传》载:“纶与吉中孚、韩棚、钱起、司空曙、苗发、崔峒、耿津、夏侯审、李端，皆能诗，齐名，号大历十才子。”他书所载，十人姓名略有出入。他们都依附权贵，诗作多为饮宴点缀和送别应酬。但也有一些较好的诗，如卢纶的《塞下曲》等。

(15)韩孟。是指唐代中期的诗人韩愈和孟郊。他们的诗虽风格不一，但都在形式上刻意求奇，形成一种险怪的诗风。他们还主张以文为诗，议论人诗，使诗有散文化的倾向。不过，他们在扭转大历以来的平庸文风上起了一作用，也写出一些好诗。与韩、孟风格相近的，还有贾岛、卢纶等。

(16)新乐府诗派。是指唐代中期由诗人白居易、元滇发起的“新乐府运动”的参国者，主要有张籍、王建、李绅、唐衙、刘猛、李余等。有关“新乐府运动”前文已有专门介绍。

(17)小李杜。是指唐未的诗人李商隐和杜牧。他们的诗与李杜无共同之外，故称其为“小李杜”以示区别。他们的诗多运用借古喻今的手法，特色十分鲜明。名篇有:李商隐的《无题》诗，杜牧的《江南春》、《赤壁》、《泊秦淮》、《山行》等。

(18)西昆体诗集。是北宋初期的一个形式主义诗派，主要成员有杨亿、刘筠、钱惟演等。他们刻意从形式上模拟李商隐，追求词藻，堆砌典故。他们曾相互唱和，编成《西昆酬唱集》，故名。

(19)三苏。是指北宋文学家苏询和其子苏轼、苏辙。询称老苏，轼称大苏，辙称小苏，他们在诗歌上都有一定成就。其中以苏轼为最。

and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch

(jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the

Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the

supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd,

Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing

Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection,

investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan

investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection,

quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and bad on the

evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the

control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system:

there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit

and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings,

whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C)

the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is

comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and

the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of

investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E)

other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence

evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management,

Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan

investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether

investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be.

Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence asssment should

be bad on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity,

impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head

(20)江西诗派。是由北宋诗人黄庭坚创立的一个形式主义诗派，因吕本中的《江西诗社宗派图》而得名。《江西诗社宗派图》列出了这一诗派黄庭坚、陈师道、潘大临、谢逸、洪刍等二十五个成员。他们写诗，强调字字有出处，并讲究“夺胎换骨，点铁成金”，造成模仿、抄袭，影响很坏。

(21)江湖诗派。是南宋未年一个诗派，由陈起刊行的《江湖集》而得名。《江湖集》等诗集收入了一百零九人的诗，其中以戴复古、刘克庄、刘过的诗较好。这些诗人大多在政治上没有地位，浪迹江湖，各人作品的风格和成就并不一致。

(22)前七子和后七子。是时代的复古主义文学流派。“前七子”指明代弘治。正德年问的李梦阳、何景明、徐侦卿、边贡、康海、王九思、王廷相;“后七子”指明代嘉靖年间的李攀龙、王世贞、谢棒、宗臣、梁有誉、徐中行、吴国伦。“前七子”首先提出“文必秦汉，诗必盛唐”的口号，主张摹拟。，„后七子”步其后尘，气势更盛，从而，掀起一股拟古的风气，虽起了反对形式主义文风的作用，但也产生了不良影响。

(23)公安派。是明代万历年间的一个文学流派。以并称“三袁”的袁宗道、袁宏道、袁中道兄弟为首，因他们是公安(今湖北省公安县)人氏而得名。他们反对前后七子的拟古风气，主张文学要抒写，“性灵”，充分表现个性，突破清规戒律，有一定积极作用。但他们的作品多局限于自然景色和日常琐事，社会意义不大。

(24)竟陵派。也是明代万历年间的一个文学流派。以竟陵人钟惺、谭元春为首，故名。他们的基本主张与公安派相同，但又认为公安派作品有浮浅之弊，企图用幽深、孤峭的风格加以矫正，结果反而流于艰涩、怪僻。

(25)几社。是明末的一个文学组织。主要成员有陈子龙、夏戏彝、徐革远、何刚等人。他们的文学主张受前后七子的影响，作品有揭露时弊的特色。其中，陈子龙的诗成就较高，有“明诗殿军”之誉。

(26)神韵说诗派。清代康熙年间，王士侦吸取唐人司空图和宋人严羽的理论，提出“神韵说”，强调“兴会神到”，追求“得意忘言”，讲究“不着一字，尽得风流”，“羚羊挂角，元迹可求”，并以王维、孟浩然的诗为样板。这种理论导致诗歌创作一味追求迷离、超脱的境界，多表现封建士大夫的闲情逸致和生活琐事。不过，神韵说注重对诗歌意境的探索，也有可取之处。

(27)格调说诗派。清代乾隆年间，沈德潜继前后七子之后，再次提出“格调说”，强调“温柔敦厚”，“讲求格律”，起了束缚诗歌创作的消极作用。这一派诗人虽也主张“言之有物”，但其内容主要是维护封建统治者的利益。

(28)性灵说诗派。清代乾隆年间，袁枚吸取明代“三袁”的理论，提出与格调说相对立的„“性灵说”。主张作品应直抒性情，辞贵自然，有所独创，认为诗“有工拙而无今古”。这在当时是比较进步的，加上这一诗派的袁枚、赵翼等写了一些较好的诗，所以实际影响比同时代的“格调说”稍大。但他们的诗多抒发封建士大夫的闲情逸致，没有多少社会意义。

江西诗派

宋代诗歌流派。北宋后期，黄庭坚在诗坛上影响很大。虽然他的创作成就比不上苏轼，但是他的诗歌更加突出地体现了宋诗的艺术特征。他在诗歌艺术技巧上总and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch

(jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the

Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the

supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd,

Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing

Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection,

investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan

investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection,

quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and bad on the

evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the

control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system:

there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit

and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings,

whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C)

the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is

comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and

the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of

investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E)

other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence

evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management,

Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan

investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether

investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be.

Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence asssment should

be bad on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity,

impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head

结出一套完整的方法，并传授给后学，所以，追随和仿效黄庭坚的诗人颇多。比如陈师道与苏轼交谊最深，但作诗却以黄庭坚为学习典范。因此，一个以黄庭坚为中心的诗歌流派就逐渐形成了。徽宗时吕本中作《江西诗社宗派图》，尊黄庭坚为诗派之祖，下列陈师道等25人，认为这些诗人都是与黄庭坚一脉相承的。吕氏此图早已失传，现存最早记载见于南宋胡《苕溪渔隐丛话》前集卷四十八。吕氏图所列25人是:陈师道、潘大临、谢逸、洪刍、饶节、僧祖可、徐俯、洪朋、林敏修、洪炎、

汪革、李?、韩驹、李彭、晁冲之、江端本、杨符、谢?、夏倪、林敏功、 潘大观、 何?、王直方、僧善权、高荷。稍后的《云麓漫钞》等书所记载名单与此稍有出入。这些诗人并不都是江西人，大概吕氏的原意只是因为诗派之祖黄庭坚是江西人，派中诗人又以江西人较多，就取名为江西诗派。25人中有较多作品流传下

来的只有陈师道、谢逸、洪刍、饶节、洪朋、洪炎、韩驹、李彭、晁冲之，谢?等10人，除陈师道外，作品成就皆不甚高。此外，被后人归入江西诗派的还有吕本中、曾?、陈与义等人。曾?、曾思、赵蕃、韩?等人也列入诗派。诗派成员多数学杜甫，宋末方回又把杜甫和黄庭坚、陈师道、陈与义称为江西诗派的“一祖三宗”。

由于江西诗派在诗歌的思想内容方面并没有提出什么特别的主张，因而他们的作品在思想内容上便各有特点。黄庭坚、陈师道等人的作品主要是描写个人生活经历和抒发作者思想感情，内容比较狭隘。经历了“靖康之变”的吕本中、曾?、陈与义等人则写了一些反映当时的民族斗争的爱国主义诗歌。形成江西诗派的主要原

因是这些诗人的诗歌艺术上有相近的见解，诗派成员之间的关系是传授和切磋诗艺。

黄庭坚诗歌理论中最著名的主张是:“夺胎换骨”、“点铁成金”。即或师承前人之辞、或师承前人之意的一种方法，目的是要在诗歌创作中“以故为新”。黄庭坚在创作实践中比较有效地运用了这种方法，取得了一些成绩。但是,这种方法忽略了文学创作的唯一源泉即社会生活，所以也产生了较大的流弊。后来有一些缺乏创

新精神的诗人奉此为圭臬，片面追求“无一字无来处”，而又不能“求新”，于是拾人牙慧，典故连篇，形象枯竭，形成了江西诗派中的末流。这是江西诗派长期以来受人讥评的主要原因。

然而，“夺胎换骨”、“点铁成金”，只是黄庭坚诗歌理论的一面，它对江西诗派中比较杰出的诗人并没有产生很大影响。黄庭坚的诗歌理论还有另外一面，即要求诗人以“自成一家”为努力目标，在下苦功掌握艺术技巧的基础上摆脱技巧的束缚而达到“无斧凿痕”的最高艺术境界。江西诗派中的几位重要诗人受此影响很

大，陈师道论诗以“学仙”为喻，韩驹论诗以“参禅”为喻，吕本中论诗重“活

法”，其中都包含着“学然后悟”和“求新”的意义。正因为如此，江西诗派的成员之间虽然师友传授，关系密切，但他们的艺术风格并非一成不变。黄庭坚的诗以生新瘦硬见长，其他诗人也各具特色:陈师道的诗比较朴拙,吕本中的诗比较明畅,曾 ?的诗趋向活泼，陈与义的诗又趋向雄浑，没有“千人一面”的缺点。即使才力较薄的徐俯、韩驹等人也颇有自立的气概。所以，江西诗派是中国古典诗歌发展过and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch

(jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the

Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the

supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd,

Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing

Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection,

investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan

investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection,

quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and bad on the

evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the

control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system:

there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit

and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings,

whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C)

the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is

comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and

the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of

investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E)

other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence

evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management,

Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan

investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether

investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be.

Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence asssment should

be bad on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity,

impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head

程中的一个重要环节。其作品是宋诗的重要组成部分，其艺术风格是构成宋诗独特风貌的一个重要因素，它的诗歌理论也在中国文学批评史上占有一定的地位。

江西诗派的影响在北宋末期已经非常显著，当时如刘?、汪藻、张?等人虽然没有被看成诗派中人，但他们在创作中也受到黄庭坚和陈师道较大的影响。到了南宋，江西诗派的影响更遍及于整个诗坛，象杨万里、陆游、姜夔等著名诗人都曾在艺术上受到江西诗派的熏陶。江西诗派的影响在宋代以后也不绝如缕，其余波一直延

及近代的同光体诗人。

桐城诗派

“论诗转贵桐城派，比似文章孰重轻。”这是程秉钊在《国朝名人集题词》中的论诗之语。敢于同执清代文坛牛耳的桐城文派

比量重轻，可见桐城诗派影响的广大与夫在文学史上地位的不容漠视。那么什么是桐城诗派呢,在讨论这个基本的问题时，学者们大多从史的角度，以时间为经，以地域为纬，条列桐城历史上的著名诗人:从明代的方法、齐之鸾到晚清的二姚，“弥天独护桐城派，名世今当五百秋。”(钱仲联先生诗)但这只是在做桐城诗史，而未中桐城诗派的肯綮。桐城诗史与桐城诗派是两个既不能完全相互重叠，又存在着多重交叉关系的文学史概念。简捷地说，桐城诗派并不涵盖全部桐城诗史，而只是桐城诗史的一个重要组成部分。它是在一定的历史时期里，诗学见解和诗学

创作风格近似的诗人通过自觉或不自觉的结合而形成的一个诗歌流派。它的核心人物来自于桐城，故派以地名;而追随者则逸出桐城以外，故它不完全等同于严格地以地域划分为界限的桐城诗史。因此，研究桐城诗派，从空间上来说，应立足桐城，放眼全国;从时间上来说，则要截断众流，将其发轫期界定在清代的雍正乾隆年间，而无庸远溯到明代。

虞山诗派

【虞山诗派】明末清初以常熟虞山命名的东南诗坛重要流派。以钱谦益为首，包括其门生冯舒、冯班、瞿式,，族孙钱曾、钱陆灿及吴历等。钱谦益 (1582,1664)官至南明礼部尚书，被推为东南诗坛祭酒。因政治上屡经沉浮，故早期诗歌中流露忧国忧民的思想，晚年所作则多亡国之臣怀念故朝之音。由于体裁独特，内容充实，一扫明末盲目摹古空虚诗风，开创了清初诗坛清朗活跃的新局面。著有《列朝诗集》、《初学集》、《有学集》等。冯班(1602,1671)与兄冯舒并称"二冯先生"，自《诗经》以下逐一考订渊源，功力深厚，为中国诗歌史上的著名诗论家，著有《定远集》。瞿式,所作《浩气吟》，气贯长虹，可与文天祥《正气歌》相比美。钱曾(1629,1710)著《交芦集》、《判春集》。钱陆灿 (1612,1698)是继钱谦益之后的虞山诗派第二盟主，著有《调运斋诗文随刻》等。吴历(1632,1718)著《三巴集》。虞山诗派最大的特点是学古而不泥古，积极主张诗歌革新并能取诸家之长而自成风格，对东南诗坛的繁荣作出了一定贡献。

王孟山水诗派

and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch

(jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the

Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the

supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd,

Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing

Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection,

investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan

investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection,

quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and bad on the

evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the

control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system:

there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit

and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings,

whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C)

the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is

comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and

the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of

investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E)

other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence

evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management,

Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan

investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether

investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be.

Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence asssment should

be bad on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity,

impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head

山水田园诗派,是盛唐时期的两大诗派之一,这一诗派是陶渊明谢灵运谢药的后继者,这一诗派的诗人以擅长描绘山水田园风光而著称,在艺术风格上也比较接近,通过描绘幽静的景色,借以反映其宁静的心境,或隐逸的思想,因而被称为"山水田园

诗派".其主要作家是,孟浩然王维常健祖咏裴迪等人,其中成就最高,影响最大的是王维和孟浩然,也成为"王孟".

孟浩然的山水田园诗大多运用五言格律的形式写作,在当时已极富盛名.在他的诗中有壮阔山川景色的描绘,有山林隐逸者幽居情景的描写,有旅途情景的叙述,也有田园农家的生活的反映.如<望洞庭湖赠张丞相>中的"八月湖水平,涵虚混太清".气蒸云梦泽,波撼岳阳城."诗人从大处落墨,格调雄浑,气势磅礴,洞庭湖壮丽雄伟的景色得到了含蓄而有力的表现.

王维是盛唐山水田园诗派成就最高的诗人.他的诗极富诗情画意,宋代大文豪苏轼曾高度评价:味摩诘之诗,诗中有画",从此,"诗中有画"就成了王维诗的定评. 王维的山水田园诗变化多恣,具有不同的风格与情调.有时气魄宏大意境开阔,有时刻画细腻,引人深思,有时生动逼真,有时含蓄凝练.王维还善于来用多种色彩,生动地表现大自然的景象,如<辋川别业>"雨中草色绿甚染,水上桃花红欲然""灰白的雨幕,碧绿的草地,粉红的桃花,交错组合,构成了一幅绚丽多彩的山川春晓图,确实是诗中有画",令人陶醉.

岑高边塞诗派

中国唐代诗歌流派。以描绘边塞风光、反映戍边将士生活为主。汉魏六朝时已有一些边塞诗，至隋代数量不断增多，初唐四杰和陈子昂又进一步予以发展 ， 到盛唐则全面成熟。该派诗人以高适、岑参、李颀、王昌龄最为知名，而高、岑成就最高。其他如王之涣、王翰、崔颢、刘湾、张谓等也较著名。这些诗人大都有边塞生活体验，他们从各方面深入表现边塞生活，艺术上也有所创新。他们不仅描绘了壮阔苍凉、绚丽多采的边塞风光，而且抒写了请缨投笔的豪情壮志以及征人离妇的思想感情。对战争的态度，有歌颂、有批评，也有诅咒和谴责，思想上往往达到一定深度。其诗作情辞慷慨、气氛浓郁 、意境雄浑 ，多采用七言歌行和七言绝句的

形式。杰出作品如高适《 燕歌行》、 岑参《 走马川行奉送出师西征》等。另外，中唐卢纶、李益也有些格调苍凉的边塞绝句。

唐代山水田园诗派--代表人 王维 孟浩然

代表作品:王《使至塞上》《山居秋暝》《渭川田家》《九月九日忆山东兄弟》《送元二使安西》

孟 《春晓》《过故人庄》有《孟浩然集》

韩孟诗派--代表人是韩愈 孟郊

代表作品:韩《原道》《原毁》《师说》《答李翊书》《进学解》《祭十二郎文》《昌黎先生集》

孟:《感怀》 《游子吟》

元白诗派--代表人 元稹 白居易

代表作品:元《连昌宫词》

and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch

(jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the

Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the

supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd,

Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing

Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection,

investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan

investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection,

quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and bad on the

evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the

control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system:

there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit

and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings,

whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C)

the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is

comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and

the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of

investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E)

other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence

evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management,

Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan

investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether

investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be.

Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence asssment should

be bad on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity,

impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head

白:《卖炭翁》《 宿紫阁山北村》 《琵琶行 》《赋得古原草送别》 《长恨歌》

江西诗派--代表人 黄庭坚

代表作:《诸上座》《李白忆月游》《花气诗》

宋代四大家--分豪放派的 苏轼 辛弃疾和婉约派的 柳永 李清照 代表作品:苏《念奴娇?赤壁怀古》《水调歌头?明月几时有》 辛:《永遇乐?京口北固亭怀古》《丑奴儿》《南乡子》《青玉案》 柳:《雨霖铃》 《蝶恋花 》《望海潮》

李:《如梦令》《 声声慢 》《点绛唇 》《武陵春 》《醉花阴》 《一剪梅 》《蝶恋花 》

公安竟陵诗派--代表人 钟惺 谭元春

代表作 钟:《浣花溪记》《隐秀轩文》

谭:与同里钟惺共选《诗归》

江左三大家与神韵派--代表人 王士祯

代表作:《秋柳诗》

建安邺下文人集团--代表 三曹 七子 蔡琰

三曹指

曹操《薤露行》《蒿里行》《短歌行》

曹丕《燕歌行》

曹植《送应氏》《泰山梁甫吟》《白马篇》

七子指

王粲《七哀诗》《登楼赋》

孔融《荐弥衡表》《与曹公论盛孝章书》《杂诗》

陈琳《饮马长城窟》

徐干《中论》《室思》

阮瑀《驾出北郭门行》

应玚《侍五官中郎将建章台集诗》

刘桢《赠从弟》

蔡琰代表作:《悲愤诗》《胡笳十八拍》

汉魏六朝诗派--王闿运

代表作 《湘军志》《湘绮楼日记》《道咸所见录》《独行谣》《圆明园词》

唐代边塞诗派--代表人 王昌龄 岑参 高适 王之涣 李颀 代表作:王昌龄 《从军行》《出塞》《闺怨》《芙蓉楼送辛渐》 岑参 《走马川行奉送出师西征》《轮台歌奉送封大夫出师西征》《白雪歌送武判官归京》

高适 《燕歌行》《蓟门行五首》《塞上》《塞下曲》《蓟中作》《九曲词三首》 and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch

(jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the

Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the

supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd,

Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing

Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection,

investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan

investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection,

quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and bad on the

evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the

control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system:

there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit

and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings,

whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C)

the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is

comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and

the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of

investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E)

other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence

evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management,

Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan

investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether

investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be.

Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence asssment should

be bad on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity,

impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head

王之涣 《凉州词》《登鹳雀楼》

李颀 《古从军行》

永嘉四灵

中国南宋中叶的诗歌流派，代表南宋后期诗歌创作上的一种倾向。永嘉四灵是当时生长于浙江永嘉(今浙江温州)的四位诗人:徐照、翁卷、徐玑、赵师秀，形成中国南宋中叶的诗歌流派，代表南宋后期诗歌创作上的一种倾向。因彼此旨趣相投，诗格相类，工为唐律，专以晚唐贾岛、姚合为法，谓之唐体，字号中都带有“灵”字，而温州古为永嘉郡，遂称之为“永嘉四灵”。

诗体的特点是:继承了山水诗人、田园诗人的传统，满足于啸傲田园、寄情泉石的闲逸生活。在艺术上，又能刻意求工，忌用典，尚白描，轻古体而重近体，尤重五律。甚至要求全诗字数不得超过40字。在较大程度上纠正了江西派诗人以学问为诗的习气。他们的成就极有限，但在当时的诗坛却得到广泛的反应。

and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch

(jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the

Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the

supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd,

Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing

Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection,

investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan

investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection,

quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and bad on the

evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the

control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system:

there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit

and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings,

whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C)

the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is

comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and

the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of

investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E)

other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence

evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management,

Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan

investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether

investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be.

Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence asssment should

be bad on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity,

impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head

“四灵”出现的时候，江西诗派的影响已渐趋衰弱, “四灵”主观上也想打破江西诗派的藩篱，学贾姚，少用典等等，都含有与江西诗派背道而驰的意图。叶适认为他们的诗风是对唐诗的复归，其实以“四灵”的才能，从实质上来说，他们只是因为不满体现着典型宋调的江西诗风，从而又回到了宋初崇尚晚唐体的老路上去。

徐照

徐照是一位自觉的苦吟者，志在追踪贾岛、姚合的寒瘦诗风。他自己曾说:“昨来曾寄茗，应念苦吟心”(《访观公不遇》)，“吟有好怀忘瘦苦”(《山中寄翁卷》)。因为徐照家境清贫，且毕生致力于苦吟，所以有许多即景抒情之作还是写得清新明丽，颇有韵味的。此诗写岁末杂感。首联便颇可见“冥搜物象”，“清苦”的风格。试想在如此寒冷的时节，从山中石缝里敲冰化水煮茶，是够“清苦”的。此亦可见选词造句之心思。次联写煮茶时所见所想。“思”字与“误”字颇可见推敲工夫。方回评云:“„思?字„误?字，当是推敲不一乃得之。”纪昀评云:“极为寒瘦之语，然别有味。”(《瀛奎律髓?冬日卷》)都讲得很有道理。纵观全诗，是真正穷苦诗人“苦吟”出来的诗，虽然境界狭小，却也别有风味。

徐玑

徐玑也是一位雕章琢句的苦吟诗人。他曾说:“昔人以浮声切响，单字只句计巧拙，盖风骚之至精也。近世乃连篇累牍、汗漫无禁，岂能名家哉～”(见叶适《徐文渊墓志铭》)这，似乎也可以看成是四灵的一个苦吟的理论纲领。徐玑的这首《新凉》写江南夏末新凉。首句主要通过视觉形象来表现新凉——水满秧齐、水清叶绿，而凉意便自然而生。次句一“穿”字、一“低”字，颇见雕琢之工。而后两句则突出了人与黄莺都因爱新凉而形成的情景交融的优美意境。

赵师秀

赵师秀被推为四灵之冠，在四灵中声望地位最高。赵师秀与其他三个人一样，在炼句炼字上是很下工夫的。他自称:“一篇幸止有四十字，更增一字，吾未如之何～”可见其苦吟之状。七律不是赵师秀的专攻，但却常有惊人之作。第一首《数日》可见一斑。“独、寒、苦、孤、冷、病”是四灵诗歌中最常用的字，赵师秀在《数日》中以病夫自况，也是常理。此诗虽写景，却“一切景语皆情语”，主体形象极为突出。前两句自诉凄凉处境，后两句却笔锋一转，豁然开阔。全诗颇可见

“野逸清瘦”之风。“林疏放得遥山出”，一“放”一“出”，神采飞扬，虽是刻意为之，却也无痕无迹，是苦吟中难得的佳作。

and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch

(jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the

Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the

supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd,

Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing

Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection,

investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan

investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection,

quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and bad on the

evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the

control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system:

there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit

and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings,

whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C)

the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is

comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and

the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of

investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E)

other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence

evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management,

Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan

investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether

investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be.

Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence asssment should

be bad on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity,

impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head

and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch

(jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the

Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the

supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd,

Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing

Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection,

investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan

investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection,

quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and bad on the

evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the

control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system:

there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit

and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings,

whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C)

the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is

comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and

the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of

investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E)

other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence

evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management,

Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan

investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether

investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be.

Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence asssment should

be bad on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity,

impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head