法律英语单词(自己整理的)

2023年12月28日发(作者：山大校训)

仅供参考！欢迎参与词条建设！

Book 1， unit 1

Reading： Bodies of law

common law

civil law

criminal law

codify

code

disputes

Types of law

习惯法，普通法，判例法 bad on customs

成文法，大陆法，民法

刑法 deal with crimes

编纂

法典

争执，纠纷

议案；法案。a formal statement of a propod new law that is

discusd and then voted on

规章 carry out the intent of the law

（地方）条例 enacted by a town,city or country government

指令 （如：欧盟指令） establish policies

成文法 formal written law

规章、条例

bill

regulation

ordinance

directive

statutes

provision

article

chapter

clau

Speaking1 : Explaining what a

law says

stipulate

provide

规定

语气弱于stipulates

specify

Types of courts

appellate court

crown court

high court

supreme court

juvenile court

lower court

magistrates’ court

moot court

small—claims court

tribunal

明确规定

受理上诉法院 review cas heard in a lower court

刑事法庭 hear rious criminal cas

高等法院 the highest court in a jurisdiction

最高法院

青少年法庭 try a person under the age of 18

下级法庭 hear a ca for the first time

地方法院,地方治安法庭 small crimes are tried in the UK

模拟法庭 students argue hypothetical cas

小额补偿诉讼法院 limit amount of money

特别法庭，专门法庭 legal problems of a particular type

Speaking2: Civil court systems

专家证人 a person who has specialid knowledge of a

particular subject

上诉人 appeals a decision to a higher court

诉讼律师 plead cas in court

expert witness

appellant

advocate

Listening: Documents in court

affidavit

injunction

writ

pleading

client

法庭宣誓, 口供 swear officially to tell the truth

禁令 stop sb doing something

传票 involved sb in a legal process

诉讼；诉讼文件 t forth the cau of action

诉讼当事人, 委托人

Book 1,Unit 2

Reading： Legaleducation - a

call to the Bar

1.大律师职业（可出席高等法庭）（尤指资格）the profession of

barrister 2。律师职业 the profession of any kind of lawyer

取消(某人)的律师资格 to stop a lawyer from working in the

the Bar

disbar legal profession，especially becau he or she has done sth

illegal

LLB

vocational

Legum Baccalaureus法学学士

职业的，职业技术的

大律师,出庭律师，辩护律师（在英国有资格出席上级法庭进行辩barrister 护） a lawyer in Britain who has the right to argue cas in

the higher courts of law

律师学院（尤指英国伦敦四个培养律师的组织)（in England） the

four private unincorporated societies in London that

Inns of Court function as a law school and have the exclusive privilege of

calling candidates to the English are Lincoln’s Inn，Inner Temple，Middle Temple。Gray’s Inn

Bar Vocational Cour

call to the bar

法律职业课程

获得律师资格 allowed to work as a qualified barrister

1。大律师见习期 a period during which a lawyer trains to

become a barrister by studying with a qualified barrir 2。pupillage 大律师实习制度 3。学生时期（尤指接受某人教育) a period

during which you are a student,especially when you are being

taught by a particular person

1.学徒期 a period of time working as an apprentice 2.学徒工作 a job as an apprentice

大律师事务所

1.事务律师,诉状律师（代拟法律文书、提供法律咨询等的一般辩护律师）a lawyer who prepares legal documents， for example

apprenticeship

barristers' chambers

solicitor

for the sale of land or buildings,advis people on legal

matters，and can speak for them in some courts of law 2。推销员 a person who job is to visit or telephone people and

try to ll them sth 3。(城镇或政府部门负责法律事务的）法务官 the most nior legal officer of a city，town or

government department

Legal Practice Cour（LPC） 法律实践课程

trainee solicitor

law school

实习律师

法学院

法律博士(美）基础的法律学位，专供非法学毕业的本科毕业生修juris doctor（J.D)

读，毕业生可以申请入读专业法律证书(P。C。LL.)以图取得香港律师资格,香港中文大学和香港城市大学均设有此课程，2009年起香港大学亦开办此课程.

律师资格考试 in the USA，an important test taken by law—bar examination school graduates which，when pasd，qualifies a person to

practi law

1。联络;联系 a relationship between two organizations or

liaison different departments in an organization,involving the

exchange of information or ideas 2.联络员；联系人

1。法律顾问；律师 a lawyer or group of lawyers reprenting

counl sb in court 2。劝告，建议 advice，especially given by older

people or experts

Listening

Associate

Full Partner

Paralegal

Real Property

Salaried Partner

合伙人，同事，朋友 2。准会员 adj。合伙的，共事的，有关连的

（法律)无限责任合伙人

n.法律事务助理 adj。辅助律师业务的

n.不动产，房地产

(法律）受薪合伙人

litigation

n.诉讼；打官司the process of making or defending a claim in

a court of law

n.从业人员(尤指医学或法律界的）a person who works in a

practitioner profession;n习艺者，专门人才a person who regularly does a

particular activity，especially one that requires skill

n。交易,业务，买卖a piece of business that is done between

transaction people，especially an act of buying or lling ; n。办理，处理the process of doing sth

商标a name,symbol or design that a company us for its

trade—mark

products and that cannot be ud by anyone el;n.特征，标记a special way of behaving or dressing that is typical of

ab and that makes them easily recognized

侵犯权益to limit ab's legal rightsn.触犯法规to break a law

or rule ；

n。房东,地主a man from whom you rent a room，a hou,etc;n.店主，老板a man who owns or manages a pub or a guest hou

n.房客，租户，佃户a person who pays rent for the u of a

infringement

landlord

tenant room，building，land etc；v.(作为租赁者）居住，工作to live

or work in a place as a tenant

Language Focus

出庭律师a lawyerwho is admitted to plead at the bar and argue

cas in superior courts。

1.代理人,法律事务代理人 a legal agent 2. 律师 a lawyer

法律顾问 lawyer suppling advices for corparaton

1.事务律师(英）lawyer who consults with clients and prepare

barrister

attorney

in-hou counl

solicitor documents but is not heard in High Court2.(美）首席法务官main legal officel of the government

corporate lawyer

defence laywer

法务Setting up a business venture for the company

辩护律师 a lawyer of a defendant

government lawyer 政府律师 lawyer work for government

专利律师 a lawyer who drafts and procutes patent

patent lawyer applications and reprents inventors in infringement suits

and interference hearings

tax lawyer

trial lawyer

Unit 3

Reading： Introduction to

constitutional law

US Constitution

税务律师 lawyer helping with tax issues

出庭辩护律师 defence for the defendant on the court

美国宪法

1.（报纸、杂志的)文章a piece of writing;2.物品；物件object；3。正品；真货the genuine article;4。（契约、文件的）条款、条文、项目a ction of a formal agreement or document;5.见习契约Someone who is in articles is being trained as a

lawyer or accountant by a firm with whom they have a written

agreement;6.冠词

1.(法令或法规的）修正条款，修正案a ction that is added to

article

amendment a law or rule in order to change it；2。修改，修订a change

is made to a piece of writing。

bill of rights 权利法案

司法审查、复审review by a court of law of actions of a

judicial review

government official or entity or of so me other legally

appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court

of the decision of a trial court

正当程序，正当法律程序，法定诉讼程序the administration of

justice according to establish rules and principles

政权分离

（中央及地方的）分权

due process

paration of powers

division of powers

checks and balances

limited government

（政府机关彼此之间的）相互制衡

有限政府

1.来源；产地;2.寻找（产品或货源的）货源;3.消息来源；消息人士；（论文中引文的）出处、原始资料 a person or book that

source provides information for a news story or for a piece of

rearch.4.(困难的）根源、原因 a difficulty’s cau。5.（河流的）源头

前例、先例 If there is a precedent for an action or event,

precedent it has happended before， and this can be regarded as an

argument for doing it again

1.重要问题；议题；争论的问题 an important subject;2。首要事项；要点；问题的要害;3.（报刊的）期，号，版次the version

of magazine or newspaper;4.发表，发布。make a statement or

a warning known formally or publicly；5。向...颁发；（正式）发给；6。(液体声音气味）流出、发出、冒出issues from=comes

out of 7.争论中的，讨论中的at issus=being argued about;8。使。。.引起关注；在。..上跳起争论make an issue of something;9.不同意；对。.。持争议take issue with someone or

something=disagree with them;10.在.。。方面有困难have issues

with=have problems connected with

issue

state constitution

mundane subjects

Key terms：Principles of the

constitutional law（BY 陈宁怡2012301180)

州宪法

平凡的人

1。分权。即将政府机构一分为三：立法、行政和司法。每一个分支都有特定的职责范围,任何其他分支不得侵犯. 2.分权与制衡原 paration of powers 则。美国宪法所确立的一项原则。依布兰迪斯(Brandeis）大法官所言，这一原则在1787年制宪会议上采纳，其目的不在于提高政府效率，而在于保护人民免受暴政或独裁专制之苦。

division of powers 〈美>（联邦宪法规定的联邦和州之间的政府权力划分）；分权

制衡原则；制约与平衡原则。之每一政府部门皆具有对抗其他任何部门行为的能力，从而不致出现任何单一部门操纵整个政府的权力checks and balances 和职能的理论。如在美国，行政部门可通过行使否决权[veto

power］制约立法机关;而只要达到充分多数，立法机关则可推翻任一否决。

limited government

Unit 4

legal entity

有限政府

Company Law

法律实体

法人Legal persons are of two kinds: natural persons –

people – and juridical persons– groups of people， such as

legal person

corporations， which are treated by law as if they were

persons. While people acquire legal personhood when they are

born, judicial persons do so when they are incorporated in

accordance with law.

法律责任 The legal bound obligation to pay law， a

personal liability

person is legally liable when they are financially and

legally responsible for something..

公司屏障(保护持股人免受独家业主造成的企业破产所带来的损失） Its purpo lies in the fact that under the special

corporate veil

circumstance of law， the creditor can investigate control

shareholder's legal liabilities through the“corporate

veil"to make creditor gain more forceful protection。

公司注册证书[登记执照］,a signed statement by the Registrar

of Companies that a company is duly incorporated

董事会A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed

members who jointly overe the activities of a company or

board of directors

organization. Other names include board of governors, board

of managers， board of regents， board of trustees， and board

of visitors. It is often simply referred to as "the board".

memorandum of association

公司章程A legal document tting up a corporation - either

with or without limited liability — and including the

certificate of incorporation

company's name, purpo， and duration.

谨慎责任a requirement that a person act toward others and

the public with watchfulness， attention， caution and

duty of care

prudence that a reasonable person in the circumstances would。

If a person's actions do not meet this standard of care, then

the acts are considered negligent， and any damages resulting

may be claimed in a lawsuit for negligence。

成立公司 Company formation is the term for the process of

incorporation of a business in the UK。 It is also sometimes

referred to as company registration. The terms are both

company formation

also ud when incorporating a business in the Republic of

Ireland. Under UK company law and most international law a

company or corporation is considered to be an entity that is

parate from the people who own or operate the company.

bonus 奖金 A premium paid in addition to what is due or expected

清偿； 结算； 清算；1. The act of determining by agreement

or by litigation the exact amount of something (as a debt or

liquidation damages) that before was uncertain. 2. The act of ttling

a debt by payment or other satisfaction。 3。 The act or

process of converting asts into cash, esp. to ttle debts。

legal entity 法律实体

公司注册证［登记执照]，法人认可证，公司章程；

A certificate of incorporation is a legal document relating

certificate of incorporation to the formation of a company or corporation. It is a licen

to form a corporation issued by state government. Its preci

meaning depends upon the legal system in which it is ud.

法定形式

statutory form

As for the application materials that are complete and

consistent with the statutory forms or that have been

supplemented by the applicant in light of the relevant

requirements， it shall acceptthem.

memorandum of association

公司章程，公会规约； The memorandum of association of a

company, often simply called the memorandum (and then often

capitalid as an abbreviation for the official name, which

is a proper noun and usually includes other words)， is the

document that governs the relationship between the company

and the outside. It is one of the documents required to

incorporate a company in the United Kingdom， Ireland， India，

Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and is also ud in many

of the common law jurisdictions of the Commonwealth。

authorized capital

法定资本，额定资本，认可资本；

nominal capital

名义资本

The par value of shares of stock a corporation has issued。

公司章程[执照］；

In corporate governance, a company's articles of association

is a document which， along with the memorandum of association

articles of association

form the company's constitution, defines the

responsibilities of the directors, the kind of business to

be undertaken, and the means by which the shareholders exert

control over the board of directors.

内部规章制度，次要法规，（社、团制定的）规章制度；

bylaw

The official rules and regulations which govern a

corporation's management。 Drawn up at the time of

incorporation， along with the charter。

特别大会

An extraordinary general meeting, commonly abbreviated as

EGM， is a meeting of members of an organisation, shareholders

of a company， or employees of an official body， which occurs

at an irregular time。 The term is usually ud where the group

would ordinarily hold an annual general meeting （AGM）, but

extraordinary gengral meeting

where an issue aris which requires the input of the entire

membership and is too rious or urgent to wait until the next

AGM. Members and/or shareholders must be informed of the

purpo of the EGM so that they may attend in a position where

they can discuss and exerci intelligent judgment，

otherwi any resolutions pasd are invalid。

年度(股东）大会，周年股东大会An annual general meeting

（commonly abbreviated as AGM, also known as the annual

meeting） is a meeting that official bodies, and associations

involving the general public (including companies with

shareholders)， are often required by law （or the

constitution， charter， by—laws etc。 governing the body）

annual general meeting (AGM） to hold。 An AGM is held every year to elect the board of

directors and inform their members of previous and future

activities. It is an opportunity for the shareholders and

partners to receive copies of the company's accounts as well

as reviewing fiscal information for the past year and asking

any questions regarding the directions the business will take

in the future.

董事会

board of director

A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members

who jointly overe the activities of a company or

organization.

duty of care

fiduciary duty

conflict of interest

balance sheet

profit—and—loss account

bonus issue

capitalisation issue

liquidation

auditor

director

注意义务

诚信义务

利益冲突

资产负债表

损益类账户

红股,或bonus share

资本化发行

清算

审计员

董事；经理 指挥公司业务,构成董事会，为公司决策机构board of

directors 主管；指导者;管理者 officer

liquidator

n。清算人；清算事务管理人,亦称receiver

managing director

总经理,常务董事 someone who controls resources and

expenditures

①促进者；倡导者；推动者 ②（公司等的）发起人，创办人 ③promote 推销商 ④（议案的）提出者，提案人 ⑤（古）刑事诉讼告发人

⑥（英）教会案件的上诉人

代理人；代表，尤用于公司法中

委托书

①涉讼财产管理人 ②破产财产管理人 ③〈英〉接受赃物者 ④〈英〉精神错乱的看管人

n.股东；股票持有人 share:股份 份额

CONTRACT LAW：Contract Formation

n。提前到期，加速到期Clau in a contract requiring the

obligor to pay all or a part of a payable amount sooner than

as agreed upon the occurrence of some event or

circumstance stated in the contract， usually failure to make

payment。

proxy

授权 授权委托书；代理receiver

shareholder

UNIT 7

acceleration

提前收益，提前批准

n.(财产的)转让，让与Clau prohibiting or permitting

assignment

assignment under certain conditions.

n.让与证书、委托证书 n。（转让的)财产、权力等 v。转让

n.保密条款，机密，机密性Clau concerning the treating of

information as private and not for distribution beyond

confidentiality

specifically identified individuals or organizations， nor ud

other than for specifically identified purpos.

n.可以信赖的品质，受到信任的能力

n。对价，约因Clau expressing the cau， motive， price

consideration

or impelling motive which induces one party to enter into an

agreement。

n.考虑，体贴

Force Majeure

n。不可抗力Clau designed to protect against failures to

perform contractual obligations caud by unavoidable

events beyond the party's control, such as natural disasters

or wars。

n。约定违约金，约定违约赔偿金Clau referring to an

Liquidated Damages

amount predetermined by the parties as the total amount of

compensation a non-breaching party should receive if the

other party breaches a part of the contract。

n。完整条款Clau stating that the written terms of an

Entire Agreement

agreement may not be varied by prior or oral agreements

becau all such agreements have been consolidated into

the written document。

n。(合同的）可分性Clau providing that, in the event that

verability

one or more provisions of the agreement are declared

unenforceable， the balance of the agreement remains in

force.

Termination

n.

结束

结局

终点Clau outlining when and under which

circumstances the contract may be determined.

n.诉讼费的缴纳Clau tting out which party is responsible

Payment of Costs

for payment of costs related to the preparation of the

agreement and ancillary documents。

Express contract

n.明示合同，明约A contract who clau is t clearly by

both parties orally or in written form。

默认契约A contract which is t according to the behavior

n。Implied contract

of two parties and the environment during the formation of

the contract， although there was no obvious words

prented。

防止欺诈法英国1677年通过的一部制定法.该法由诺丁汉n。Statute of fraud

勋爵制定，原名为《Act of the prevention of Frauds and

Perjuries》，立法宗旨是在证据不发达的时代，当事人又无法提供合适证人的情况下,减少合同欺诈。

n.不动产Property consisting of land or buildings。

n。订立，形成The action of forming or process of forming of

a contract

Real property

formation

Third—party beneficiary

contracts

n。第三人受益合同A contract in which the person who get

the benefit or compensation is another person rather than

either part

Assignment of rights

n.权力的转让A clau which regulates the change of the

owner of a particular right

Delegation of duties

n.责任的委托To give certain duty or obligation to someone

el other than two parties of the contract.

delegate

n.代表A person nt or authorized to reprent others。Vt。委任，托付

n.代理人，受托人A person to whom a right or liability is

legally transferred or a person appointed to act for another.

assignee

Illegality of the subject

matter

n。标的物的违法性When either the subject matter（e.g. the

sale of illegal drugs) or the consideration of a contract is

illegal

n。性的欺诈When one party is intentionally misled

Fraud in the inducement

about the terms， quality or other aspect of the

contractual relationship that leads the party to enter into

the transaction。

n.威胁，逼迫When one party induces another into entering

duress into a contact by u or threat of force, violence，

economic pressure or other similar means.

法定能力的缺乏When one party does not have the ability n。Lack of legal capacity to enter into a legal contract, i.e. is not of legal age， is

insane or is a convict or enemy alien。

Reading:Introduction to

contract formation

enforceable

party

offeror

可实施的 something can be enforced

1、当事人one who takes part in a transaction 2、政党，党派one by or against whom a lawsuit is brought

要约人one who makes an offer

accept

offeree

接受，承接agree to take something offered to you

受约人one to whom an offer is made

1、考量something motivates a person to do something 2、consideration

支持be adequate to support the bargained—for exchange

between the parties

gift

1、赠与物the voluntary transfer or property to another

without compensation 2、多次转让物a thing so transferred

捐赠物a gift to charity 2、捐赠行为a method of acquiring 1、benefice by deed of gift alone

反要约put forward disagreement to the offer

1、（合同中）拒绝签约a refusal to accept a contrctual offer

donation

counter offer

rejection 2、拒收a refusal to accept tendered goods as contractal

performance

u be equal to fundamental term

合同必esntial term

备条款a contractual provision that must be included for a

contract to exit and to avoid fraud

price

subject matter

indefinite

Speaking：Negotiating

expressions

价格,价钱the cost at which something is bought or sold

标的物the thing in a contract,which the duty or right has

been asrted

模糊的，不明确的not exact or clear

1.谈判;洽谈；协商;议定 talk about a prlblem or a situation

negotiate

such as a business arrangement in order to solve the

prlblem or complete the arrangement 2。通过谈判(或协商）达成 3。转让；兑现;议付

1。要约;出价

指买方向卖方提出的价格，尤其是拍卖或招标中投bid

标人报出的价格。卖方的要约为“offer”；买方的要约为“bid”。An

offer to pay a particular amount of money for something

that is being sold。2。投标

指人们就按特定价格履行工程合同、

劳动合同或提供原材料及货物合同所发出的要约。公共合同[public contract］一般就从所提出的、相互竞争的多个报价中选择中标者。

bidding pha

招标阶段

委托人

聘请或雇佣律师、会计师、建筑师等专业人士，以获取专client

业建议和帮助的个人或团体 a client of a professional person

or organization is a person or company that receives a

rvice from them in return for payment

Writing：An informative

memo

协议；协定

指两人或多人就其与过去或将来实施行为相关的权利和义务等内容而形成的双方合意[mutual asnt]。该词既可用于指无对价的非正式协议，如君子协议等，也可用于指有对价支持的agreement

合法的正式协议，而合同［contract］一词则仅用于指后者，故凡合同均为协议,但并非每一份协议均为合同 a formal decision

about future action that is made by two or more countries,

groups， or people

1。公民的选举权the right to vote in an election 2。特许;特许权

政府授予个人或团体的做某事的特权，而非公民普遍享有的franchi

权利 3.特许使用权;特许经营权 an authority that is given by

an organization to someone， allowing them to ll its

goods or rvices or to take part in an activity which the

organization controls 4.特许协议 5。特许经营人所经营的业务

1。盖印合同；盖印契约 2.合同;协议a formal written

covenant

agreement between two or more people or groups of

people which is recognized in law 3.违反盖因合同请求赔偿损失之诉 4.盟约；公约；条约；专约

合同；契约a legal agreement， usually between tow

contract companies or between an employer and employee， which

involves doing work for a stated sum of money

同意；赞同；答应；允许；合意

指一个智力正常的人对他人的建connt

议自愿作出理智的选择，即同意的意思表示，并不存在胁迫、欺诈或错误理解等情况 give someone permission to do it, agree

to do it or to allow it to be done

禁制令

法院签发的要求当事人做某事或某行为或者禁止其做某事injunction

或某行为的命令 a court order, usually one telling someone

not to do something

授权；许可；批准 if someone who has authority over you

permission gives you permission to do something， they say that they

will allow you to do it

1.撤走 2.从……取走 3。从银行中提款take money out of a

withdraw bank account 4.从竞争或申请中退出 stop taking part in an

activity or organization

breach

breach of contract

unwarranted

破坏;违犯;违反;不履行；侵害 if you breach an agreement, a

law， or a promi, you break it

合同一方当事人未能履行合同条款、允诺或条件

未担保的;无担保的

1。修改；修订；修正；改正if you amend something that has

amend

been written such as a law, or something that is said， you

change it in order to improve it or make it more accurate

2。改进；改善；改良

enter into 1.加入；（与他人）联合 2.达成(协议）；结成（关系)

撤销；解除；废除 if a government or a group of people in

rescind power rescind a law or agreement， they offically

withdraw it and state that it is no longer valid

terminate

结束,终止 end completely

更新;续展；展期；延长(执照、合同的）有效期 when you renew

renew something such as a licence or a contract, you extend the

period of time for which ti ts valid

把……译成密码;加密 if a document or piece of information

encrypt is encrypted, it is written in a special code, so that only

certain people can read it

Translation Skill

法令；规章;成文法 a rule or law which has been made by a

state government or other organization and formally written

down

1。法定的 if an action or procedure is mandatory, people

have to do it, becau it is a rule or a law 2.（刑罚）强制性的 if a crime carries a mandatory punishment, that

punishment is fixed by law for all cas, in contrast to

crimes for which the judge or magistrate has to decide the

punishment for each particular ca

负有责任的 if you are accountable to someone for

mandatory

accountable something that you do， you are responsible for it and

must be prepared to justify your actions to that person

受托人 someone with legal control of money or property

trustee that is kept or invested for another person, company， or

organization

1。掩饰物 you can refer to something that haids or partly

veil hides a situation or activity as a veil 2。面纱 a piece of thin

soft cloth

（法律）1.求助于 if you invoke a law， you state that you are

taking a particular action becau that law allows or tells

invoke you to 2.援引 if you invoke something such as a principle,

a saying， or a famous person, you refer to them in order

to support your argument

强制性的 if something is compulsory， you must do it or

compulsory accept it， becau it is the law or becau someone in a

position of authority says you must

unlawful

Book2 Unit 1

Model Penal Code（MPC）

不合法的if something is un lawful, the law does not allow

you to do it

模范刑法典（美国法律协会制定的一部示范性法律文件）

a statutory text which was developed by the American Law

Institute (ALI） in 1962. The Chief Reporter on the project

was Herbert Wechsler

incarceration 监禁 the act or process of confining someone

重罪 a rious crime usu。 Punishable by

imprisonment for more than one year

轻罪 a crime that is less rious than a felony

misdemeanor

and is usu. punishable by fine，penalty,forfeiture

or confinement in a place other than prison(such

as a county jail）

优势证据 The greater weight of the evidence, not

necessarilyestablished by the greater number of

preponderance of the evidence

witness testifying to a fact but by evidence

that has the most convincing force。

严格责任的犯罪 a crime that does not require a

strict-liability crime

mens rea element，such as traffic offens and

illegal sales of intoxicating liquor

犯罪行为 【Law Latin "guilty act”】the wrongful

actus reus

deed that compris the physical components of a

crime and that generally must be coupled with mens rea to

establish criminal ability

犯意 【Law Latin”guilty mind"】the state of mind

mens rea

that the procution，to cure a conviction, must prove that

a defendant had when committing a crime

疏忽，遗漏 the neglect to perform what the law

requires

走路不遵守交通规则 walking across a street outside

jaywalking

of marked cross—walks and not at a corner and/or

against a signal light

小偷小摸 a theft of a small quantity of cash or of

low—value goods or rvices

felony

omission

petty theft

警察圈套（诱捕） a law—enforcement officer's or

government agent’s inducement of a person to

entrapment

commit a crime, by means of fraud or undue persuasion，in an

attempt to later bring a criminal procution against that

person

对抗制 a legal system where two advocates reprent their

adversarial system

parties' positions before an impartial person or group of

people， usually a jury or judge， who attempt to determine

the truth of the ca

inquisitorial system

Listening1 ，speaking and

writing

纠问制

rebuttal

rebut /rɪˈbʌt/ v

to prove that a statement or a charge made against you

is fal

= refute

>rebuttal n ［U and C］ 辩驳，反驳

n.假释,假释期，假释证

vt。假释

adj。获得假释(者）的,假释的permission for

someone to leave prison, on the condition that they promi

to behave well

on parole 假释 un＆v

1.a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreement

between two people or groups

She had stayed in her room to avoid another confrontation。

confrontation with/between

an ideological confrontation between conrvatives and

liberals

2.a fight or battle

military/violent/armed confrontation

Japan emed unlikely to risk military confrontation with

Russia. 此处取第一个意思，对质

parole

confrontation

medɪteɪtɪd US prɪ-/ adj 预谋的

/priːˈpremeditated

a premeditated crime or attack is planned in advance and done

deliberately

premeditated murder

permission for someone to leave prison, on the condition that

parole they promi to behave well

on parole 假释 un＆v

1.a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreement

between two people or groups

She had stayed in her room to avoid another confrontation.

confrontation with/between

confrontation

an ideological confrontation between conrvatives and

liberals

2.a fight or battle

military/violent/armed confrontation

Japan emed unlikely to risk military confrontation with

Russia。 此处取第一个意思，对质

【SHOOT】 [T］ formal 此处作shoot之义

discharge to fire a gun or shoot an arrow etc

A soldier accidentally discharged his weapon。

/priːˈmedɪteɪtɪd US prɪ—/ adj 预谋的

premeditated

a premeditated crime or attack is planned in advance and done

deliberately

premeditated murder

Reading2：parties to a crime

有罪；应受惩处（性）Blameworthiness；应受谴责（性);有责（性）除法定的严格责任的刑事案件外，行为人应受刑事处罚还必须具备法律可能要求的蓄意、明知、放任或过失等主观上的犯罪构成要素

the quality of being in cas of absolute

liability, criminal culpability requires a showing that the

person acted purpoly， knowingly, recklessly, or

negligently with respect to each material element of the

Culpability

offen。

a。1主要的，首要的，最重要的Chief; primary; most important；（地位、级别等)最高的2资本的；本金的；可生息的财产的

n.1首长；负责人;首领；长官；主管人2(中小学）校长；（英)大学校长3本金;资本;可生息的资本（或财产）；(股票、债券等的）票面价值4（代理关系中的）本人；委托人；被代理人One who

authorizes another to act on his or her behalf as an agent。5主债务人（=principal debtor）One who has primary

Principal responsibility on an obligation， as oppod to a surety or

indorr6主犯 指实施犯罪行为或在现场帮助或者唆使他人实施犯罪行为的罪犯,与从犯（accessory)相对。One who commits or

participates in a crime7(在具结保释中的）被保释人 8 The

corpus of an estate or trust。 [Cas: Trusts 1. C.J.S。 Trover

and Conversion §§ 1–9， 14–18.］ 9 The amount of a debt，

investment， or other fund， not including interest，

earnings， or profits。

n1、附属物；从物 Something of condary or subordinate

importance.

。2、附件;零件 3从犯 帮助实施犯罪行为者.Criminal law。 A

person who aids or contributes in the commission or

concealment of a crime。 •An accessory is usu。 liable only

if the crime is a felony.从犯又分为事前从犯和事后从犯【accessory before the fact】和事后从犯【accessory after the

fact】在美国，大多数州一般只对重罪的从犯追究刑事责任.在英格兰,以前只对重罪的从犯追究刑事责任。在英格兰，以前只在重罪上对主犯和从犯有所区分，但在叛逆罪中,所有的参与者都是主犯.在轻罪中,在重罪中会是事前从犯的被视为主犯；在重罪中会是事后从犯的则不视为犯罪，除非有事实证明构成了实质上的犯罪。1967年《刑法》【criminal law act】颁布后,共同犯罪人一般只划分为主犯和同谋犯。在苏格兰，主犯和从犯的区别，只在于主要参与与辅助参加之分，在刑事责任上没有去别.

Accessory

a。 附属的，从属的,附加的；同谋的

Accessory after the fact：事后从犯 即明知犯罪已经实施，帮助犯罪人逃脱逮捕或惩罚者.在美国，根据的大多数州刑事法律的规定，对于事后从犯作单独处理，有4条要求:①他人已经实施了重罪，而且必须在从犯实施之前已经完成②从犯不能与主犯同罪③从犯必须亲自帮助主犯以避免重罪处罚④从犯的帮助必须具有明知故意《模范刑法典》【Model Penal Code】认为事后从犯其实不Accessory after the fact

是共同犯罪人，按“妨碍审判罪”另行处理。有时缩写为“accessory

after”

Execution

Conspiracy

Acquit

n。处死刑，处决，死刑，执行,行刑

n。共谋,串通

v。无罪释放

n。罪犯

Convict

Listening2:

izure

curtail

formulate

vt.宣告⋯⋯有罪

n。扣押，抢夺

vt.剥夺⋯⋯特权等，缩减

vt。制定

n.怀疑,嫌疑

suspicion

detention

vt.怀疑

n。拘押,羁押，扣押

exclude

intervene

vt。排除

vt.干涉,介入,调停

n。根据，证据，委任状，正当理由

vt。保证，担保，批准

warrant

disarm

custody

proposition

criminal trespass

vt.消除⋯⋯的怀疑

n。保管，监护,拘留，抚养权

n.主张

非法侵入他人土地房屋罪

1.传闻证据 Testimony that is given by a witness who relates

hearsay

to what others have said。 2.非直接证据 In federal law， a

statement offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter

asrted；condhand evidence.

1。保持,维持，使持续不断： To support or maintain, esp. over

a long period 。2。给…以力量（或勇气、信心等），鼓励，使振作 To nourish and encourage； lend strength to 。3. 蒙受，sustain

遭受（损失等）：To undergo； suffer 。4.确认,认可；（法院）确认…正当（或正确)；准许： （Of a court） to uphold or rule

in favor of 。5。 证实To substantiate or corroborate 。6。支援；救济 To persist in making (an effort） over a long

period 。

1。驳回，批驳;拒绝 To rule against； to reject .2. 宣布…overrule

无效(Of a court） to overturn or t aside (a precedent) by

expressly deciding that it should no longer be controlling

law .

n。盘诘；反复询问The questioning of a witness at a trial or

cross-examine hearing by the party oppodto the party who called the

witness to testify。Also termed cross-interrogation

1、受托人，one having legal title to property holds it in trust

trustee

for the benefit of another and owes a duty to that beneficiary

2、破产管理人，a person to administer the bankruptcy estate

during a bankruptcy ca

Language Focus

n杀人The killing of one person by another 指一人导致或促使他人死亡的一般用语。该词是中性词，只描述客观行为，而对其道德或法律性质并没有做出判断。杀人并不必然构成犯罪，在依法执行死刑、自卫以及作为追捕逃犯的唯一可能手段时，杀人则是合法的。但如果一人蓄意、明知、轻率或疏忽致使他人死亡的，该人Homicide 则犯有杀人罪.英美普通法和制定法都把杀人分为谋杀【murder】和非预谋杀人【manslaughter】.在苏格兰,杀人分为有罪杀人【cuplable homicide】、正当杀人【justifiabe homicide】以及意外、疏忽或可宽恕杀人【accidental，negligent，or excusable

homicide】

杀人者，a person who kills another

一级 An incremental measure of guilt or negligence; a level

First-degree

bad on the riousness of an offen.

预谋杀人 Done with willful deliberation and planning；

consciously

Premeditated murder

considered beforehand

重罪谋杀 Murder that occurs during the commission of a

dangerous felony （often

limited to rape， kidnapping， robbery， burglary， and

Felony-murder

arson）。

<美〉:二级谋杀罪 Murder that is not aggravated by any of the

circumstances of first-degree murder 大多数州把谋杀罪分为两级,个别州不分等级或分为三级。凡对谋杀罪划分为两个等级的刑法,二级谋杀罪的范围就是“除一级谋杀罪以外的其他谋杀罪。具体包括:①无预谋目的的谋杀②全部故意重伤谋杀,不论故意重伤是否有预谋③全部极端轻率谋杀④一级谋杀罪列举的重罪以外的重罪-谋杀。对二级谋杀罪通常处以终身监禁(=murder in the

Second-degree murder

cond degree)

非预谋故意杀人 激情杀人是非预谋故意杀人的典型形式,即被告Voluntary manslaughter

人因受到强烈的刺激，致使其在盛怒心理下实施的故意杀人行为.

过失杀人罪 Homicide in which there is no intention to kill

or do grievous

involuntary manslaughter bodily harm, but that is committed with criminal negligence

or during the commission of a crime

not included within the felony-murder rule。

非预谋杀人罪The unlawful killing of a human being without

manslaughter malice aforethought。 - Also

termed （in some jurisdictions） culpable homicide

贿赂罪n. The corrupt payment， receipt, or solicitation of

bribery a private favor for official action。 •

Bribery is a felony in most jurisdictions.

欧击罪 ；（侵权法)非法侵犯al law。 The u of force

battery against another， resulting in harmful or offensive

contact。

xual assault 性侵犯1。ASSAULT。 .

1、抢劫、抢掠 The illegal taking of property from the person

robbery

of another， or in the person'sprence， by violence or

intimidation；2、加重的盗窃罪 aggravated larceny。Also termed

(in Latin） crimen roberiae.

干涉司法程序 Obstructing rvice of process， to interfere

with the rvice of a court-authorized document， civil or

criminal, such as a summons or a subpoena。

1. 威胁；威逼（做某事）：the act of intimidating a weaker person

to make them do something 2。威胁 the feeling of

discouragement in the face of someone’s superior fame or

intimidation wealth or status etc。3。 恐吓the feeling of being

intimidated； being made to feel afraid or timid 4。威胁；威逼(不做某事） a communication that makes you afraid to try

something

1。伤害罪clo fighting during the culmination of a military

attack。2。侵犯人身，(尤指未遂的)殴打;(用言语等的)威胁,胁assault

迫 a threatened or attempted physical attack by someone who

appears to be able to cau bodily harm if not stopped.3。性侵犯 the crime of forcing a woman to submit to xual

intercour against her will

盗窃；入室抢劫犯 Knowingly entering or remaining in a

burglary building or dwelling, without authority and with intent to

commit any felony or theft therein。

1、非法侵占罪，an unlawful act against the property of

anoother 2、非法侵入罪，an unlawful act against the person

偷窃罪，any act or instance of stealing， including larceny，burglary, embezzlement，and fal pretens

罪,1、将人劫持并运至他国（早期）abducting a person and

kidnapping nding the person to another country 2、以暴力或欺骗的手段劫持他人，izing and taking away a person by force or fraud

1、恶意焚烧他人的住宅或宅第内附属建筑，the malicious burning

arson

of someone el’s dwelling hou or outhou（common law）

2、恶意焚烧自己或他人的财产，the intentional and wrongful

interference in the judical

process

criminal trespass

theft

burning of someone el’s property or one’s own property（modern statutes）

1、许可，特许。a permission 2、许可证,the certificate or

document evidencing such permission

1、特许，许可，the governmental grant of a right 2、特许状，patent 许可证the official document so granting 3、专利权，the right

to exclude others from doing something

1、雇佣，to hire 2、使用，利用，to make u of 3、使用，职employ 业,to u as an agent in transacting business 4、使从事于,to

entrust witn the performance of certain acts

1、出售，出卖，to transfer to another for money or other thing

vend 2、贩卖，叫卖,to make an object of trade by hawking 3、公开陈述,公开出版，to utter publicly or publish broadly

1、租赁合同,a contranct 2、租赁权 a conveyance plus all

lea covenants attached to it 3、租赁物，the real property 4、租赁，租借， behavior

1、同意，允许，an agreement2、让与,the formal transfer of real

grant

property3、财产转让证书，the document by which a transfer is

effected 4、转让的财产或财产权利，the property of property

right so transferred

1、信托，a property interest held by one person at the request

trust of another for the benefit of a third party 2、信托关系，a

relationship 3、信托财产，the property

1、转换，转移，any mode of parting with an ast in an ast

transfer

2、流通，negotiation of an instrument according to the forms

of law 3、转让，a conveyance of property or title from one

person to another

1、合同，an agreement between two or more parties 2、合同书，the writing that ts forth such an agreement

n。 1、宣判The judgment that a court formally pronounces after

ntence

finding a criminal defendant guilty；2、判决 the punishment

impod on a criminal wrongdoer 。 — Also termed judgment

licen

contract

of conviction。

1、违法行为、犯罪An act that the law makes punishable；2、crime

刑事诉讼标的 the breach of a legal duty treated as the

subject matter of a criminal proceeding。 — Also termed

criminal wrong。

n。1、恐吓 The act or process of discouraging certain

deterrence

behavior， particularly by fear； 2、（刑法）威慑力 esp as

a goal of criminal law, the prevention of criminal behavior

by fear of punishment.

n。1、立法者 One who makes laws within a given jurisdiction;

legislators 2、有立法权的主体a member of a legislative body。— Also

termed lawmaker。

刑罚n. A sanction — such as a fine, penalty, confinement,

punishment or loss of property， right,or privilege — assd against

a person who has violated the law.

Book2 Unit 3 Civil Procedural

Law

liability "1。责任:the state of being legally obliged and responsible

2.债务 an obligation to pay money to another party

3.不利因素 the quality of being something that holds you back

”

insolvent 1.破产者;无力偿还者:someone who has insufficient asts to cover their debts 2。破产的；无力偿还的 unable to meet or discharge financial obligations

creditor "1.债权人，贷方:a person to whom money is owed by a debtor； someone to whom an

obligation exists

”

shareholder 1。股东 a person who owns shares in a company

pierce the corporate veil 1.揭开公司面纱：a legal decision to treat the rights or duties of a

corporation as the rights or liabilities of its shareholders

promissory estoppel

promi。

detriment

"

promie 1.受约人，承诺人 a person to whom a promi is made

pardon ”1. 原谅 the act of excusing a mistake or offen 2。赦免

be officially allowed to go free and are not punished”

commute 1.通勤 a regular journey of some distance to and from your place of work 2。减刑

change a penalty for a less vere one 3.代偿 exchange or replace with another， usually of the

same kind or category

repeal 1. 废除 an official or legal cancellation

”1。 损害，伤害 a damage or loss

1.允诺后不得否认的原则 a doctrine that prevents one party from

withdrawing a promi made to a cond party if the latter has reasonably relied on that

Statute of Frauds 1。反欺诈法an act for prevention of frauds and perjuries

abolition 1 废除,废止。the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution

involuntary manslaughter 1.过失杀人罪 the unlawful killing of a human being without

malice aforethought, either express or implied

intoxicated 1.喝醉的 stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

cular ”1.世俗的，非宗教的 have no connection with religion 2。（对宗教家而言的） 俗人 someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person

”

legal reprentative 1。法定代表人a personal reprentative with legal standing

auditor ”1。审计员a qualified accountant who inspects the accounting records and practices of

a business or other organization

2.旁听生a student who attends a cour but does not take it for credit 3。听者someone who

listens attentively

"

The Bill of Rights 1.a document， frequently but not esntially， of high standing in

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, which ts out protections for the citizen， usually from the state itlf。

2。In the UK， an Act of the English parliament in 1689 on the assumption of the throne by

William and Mary。 3。In the UK， an Act of the English parliament in 1689 on the assumption of

the throne by William and Mary。