法律英语常用词汇大全

2023年12月28日发(作者：有一件礼物)

法律英语常用词汇大全

一、 律师部分

案件受理费 court acceptance fee

案情重大、复杂 important and complicated ca

案由 cau of action

案子 ca

包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits

被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accud (用于刑事案件)

被上诉人 appellee

被诉人 respondent; defendant

本案律师 councel pro hac vice

本地律师 local counl

毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate

辩护词 defen; pleadings

辩护律师 defen lawyer

辩护要点 point of defen

辩护意见 submission

财产租赁 property tenancy

裁定书 order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）

裁决书 award（用于仲裁）

裁决书 verdict（用于陪审团）

采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence

草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests

查阅法条 source legal provisions

产权转让 conveyancing

出差 go on errand; go on a business trip

出国深造 further study abroad

出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion

出示的证据 exhibit

出庭 appear in court

传票 summons; subpoena

答辩状 answer; reply

代理词 reprentation

代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate

代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent,

copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations

代理仲裁 agency for arbitration

代写文书 drafting of legal instruments

待决案件 pending ca

当事人陈述 statement of the parties

第三人 third party

吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer licen

调查笔录 investigative record

调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence

调解 mediation

调解书 mediation

二审案件 ca of trial of cond instance

发送电子邮件 nd e-mail

法律顾问 legal consultants

法律意见书 legal opinions

法律援助 legal aid

法律咨询 legal counling

法庭 division; tribunal

法学博士学位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws)

法学会 law society

法学课程 legal cours

法学硕士学位 LL.M (Master of Laws)

法学系 faculty of law; department of law

法学学士学位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)

J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)

法学院 law school

法院公告 court announcement

反诉状 counterclaim

房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer

非合伙律师 associate lawyer

非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice

高级合伙人 nior partner

高级律师 nior lawyer

各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts

公安局 Public Security Bureau

公司上市 company listing

公诉案件 public-procuting ca

公证书 notarial certificate

国办律师事务所 state-run law office

国际贸易 international trade

国际诉讼 international litigation

国内诉讼 domestic litigation

合伙律师 partner lawyer

合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice

合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision

会见当事人 interview a client

会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect

兼职律师 part-time lawyer

监狱 prison; jail

鉴定结论 expert conclusion

缴纳会费 membership dues

举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi

决定书 decision

勘验笔录 record of request

看守所 detention hou

抗诉书 protest

控告人 accur; complainant

跨国诉讼 transnational litigation

劳动争议 labor disputes

劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes

劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm

利害关系人 interested party; party in interest

律管处处长 director of lawyer control department

律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law

律师惩戒 lawyer discipline

律师法 Lawyer Law

律师费 lawyer fee

律师函 lawyer’s letter

律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication

律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness

律师卷宗 lawyer’s docile; file

律师刊物 lawyer’s journal

律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer

律师事务所 law office; law firm

律师收费 billing by lawyer

律师网站 lawyer website

律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association

律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association

律师协会秘书长 cretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association

律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition

律师业务室 lawyer’s office

律师执业证 lawyer licen

律师助理 assistant lawyer

律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam

律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate

民事案件 civil ca

民事调解 civil mediation

民事诉讼 civil litigation

派出所 local police station; police substation

判决 judgement(用于民事、行政案件);

determination(用于终审);

ntence(用于刑事案);

verdict(由陪审团作出)

旁证 circumstantial evidence

企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw

企业重组 corporate restructure

起诉状 information; indictment

取消律师资格 disbar

全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress

缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default

人民法院 People’s Court

人民检察院 People’s Procuratorate

认定事实 determine facts

上诉案件 ca of trial of cond instance; appellate ca

上诉人 appellant

上诉状 petition for appeal

涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters

申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition

申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association

申请人 petitioner; claimant

申诉案件 appeal ca

申诉人（仲裁） claimant; plaintiff

申诉书 appeal for revision, petition for revision

实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period

实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer

视听证据 audio-visual reference material

适用法律 apply law to facts

受害人 victim

书证 documentary evidence

司法部 Ministry of Justice

司法建议书 judicial advi

司法局 Judicial Bureau

司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau

司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau

司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam

送达 rvice of process

诉讼 litigation; action; lawsuit

诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party

诉讼业务 litigation practice

诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim

推销法律服务 promote/market legal rvice

外国律师事务所 foreign law office

委托代理合同 authorized reprentation contract

委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent

委托授权书 power of attorney

物证 material evidence

嫌疑人 criminal suspect

项目融资 project financing

项目谈判 project negotiating

刑事案件 criminal ca

刑事诉讼 criminal litigation

行政诉讼 administrative litigation

休庭 adjourn the court; recess

宣判 pronounce judgement; determination

宣誓书 affidavit

业务进修 attendance in advanced studies

一审案件 ca of trial of first instance

与国外律师事务所交流 communicate with foreign law firms

原告 plaintiff

证券律师 curities lawyer

证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit

执行笔录 execution record

执业登记 registration for practice

执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area

执业申请 practice application

执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer licen

仲裁 arbitration

仲裁案件 arbitration ca

仲裁机构 arbitration agency

专门律师 specialized lawyer

专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer

撰写法律文章 write legal thesis

资信调查 credit standing investigation

自诉案件 private procuting ca

二、 诉讼法律

案件 ca

案件发回 remand/rimit a ca (to a low court)

案件名称 title of a ca

案卷材料 materials in the ca

案情陈述书 statement of ca

案外人 person other than involved in the ca

案值 total value involved in the ca

败诉方 losing party

办案人员 personnel handling a ca

保全措施申请书 application for protective measures

报案 report a ca (to curity authorities)

被告 defendant; the accud

被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accud

被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder

被害人 victim

被害人的诉讼代理人 victim’s agent ad litem

被上诉人 respondent; the appellee

被申请人 respondent

被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed

被执行人 person subject to enforcement

本诉 principal action

必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation

变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord

辩护 defen

辩护律师 defen attorney/lawyer

辩护人 defender

辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defen evidence

辩论阶段 stage of court debate

驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim

驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion

驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling

驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit

驳回通知书 notice of dismissal

驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private procution

驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-procuting ca

补充答辩 supplementary answer

补充判决 supplementary judgement

补充侦查 supplementary investigation

不公开审理 trial in camera

不立案决定书 written decision of no ca-filing

不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest

不起诉 nol pros

不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court

财产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for property prervation

裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定)

裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order

裁定书 order; ruling

裁决书 award

采信的证据 admitted evidence

查封 al up

撤回上诉 withdraw appeal

撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit

撤销立案 revoke a ca placed on file

撤销原判，发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the ca ro the original court for

retrial

出示的证据 exhibit

除权判决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)

传唤 summon; call

传闻证据 hearsay

答辩 answer; reply

答辩陈述书 statement of defence

答辩状 answer; reply

大法官 associate justices; justice

大检察官 deputy chief procurator

代理控告 agency for accusation

代理申诉 agency for appeal

代理审判员 acting judge

代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving

弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure

当事人陈述 statement of the parties

当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or ntence in court

地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction

地区检察分院 inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate

第三人 third party

调查笔录 record of investigation

定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or ntence later on a fixed date

定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence

冻结 freeze

督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge

独任庭 sole-judge bench

独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator

对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action

对席判决 judgement inter parties

二审 trial of cond instance

二审案件 ca of trial of cond insurance

罚款 impo a fine

法定证据 statutory legal evidence

法定证据制度 system of legal evidence

法官 judges

法警 bailiff; court police

法律文书 legal instruments/papers

法律援助 legal aid

法律咨询 legal consulting

法庭辩论 court debate

法庭调查 court investigation

法庭审理笔录 court record

法庭审理方式 mode of court trial

法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal

法院 court

法院公告 court announcement

反诉 counterclaim

反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim

反诉状 counterclaim

犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect

附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action

附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action

复查 reexamination; recheck

复验 reinspect

高级法官 nior judge

高级检察官 nior procurator

高级人民法院 Higher People’s Court

告诉案件 ca of complaint

告诉才处理的案件 ca accepted at complaint

告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division

工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children

公安部 Ministry of Public Security

公安分局 public curity sub-bureau

公安厅 public curity bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct

jurisdiction of central government

公开审理 trial in public

公开审判制度 open trial system

公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation

公诉案件 public-procuting ca

公诉词 statement of public procution

公证机关 public notary office

共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction

管辖 jurisdiction

国际司法协助 international judicial assistance

海事法院 maritime court

合议庭 collegial panel

合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench

和解 composition; compromi

核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties

恢复执行 resumption of execution

回避 withdrawal

混合式诉讼 mixed action

基层人民法院 basic People’s Court

羁押期限 term in custody

级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels

监视居住 living at home under surveillance

监狱 prison

检察官 procurator

检察权 procutorial power

检察委员会 procuratorial/procutorial committee

检察院 procuratorate

检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate

简易程序 summary procedure

鉴定结论 expert conclusion

经济审判庭 economic tribunal

径行判决 direct adjudication without ssions; judgement without notice

纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings

拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant

拘留所 detention hou

举报 information/report of an offence

举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi

决定书 decision

军事法院 military procuratorate

开庭审理 open a court ssion

开庭通知 notice of court ssion

勘验笔录 record of inquest

看守所 detention hou

可执行财产 executable property

控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings

控诉证据 incriminating evidence

控诉职能 accusation function

扣押 distrain on; attachment

扣押物 distress/distraint

宽限期 period of grace

劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration

劳改场 reform-through-labor farm

劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office

类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical ntence

累积证据 cumulative evidence

立案报告 place a ca on file

立案管辖 functional jurisdiction

立案决定书 written decision of ca-filing

立案侦查 report of placing a ca on file

利害关系人 interested party

临时裁决书 interim award

律师见证书 lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication

律师事务所 law office; law firm

律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer

免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty

民事案件 civil ca

民事审判庭 civil tribunal

民事诉讼 civil action

民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law

扭送 ize and deliver a suspect to the police

派出法庭 detached tribunal

派出所 police station

判决 judgement; determination

判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)

旁证 circumstantial evidence

陪审员 juror

批准逮捕 approval of arrest

破案 clear up a criminal ca; solve a criminal ca

破产 bankruptcy; insolvency

普通程序 general/ordinary procedure

普通管辖 general jurisdiction

企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation

起诉 filing of a lawsuit

起诉 sue; litigate; procute; institution of proceedings

起诉状 indictment; information

区县检察院 grassroots People’s Procuratorate

取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving

缺席判决 default judgement

人民调解委员会 People’s Mediation Committee

认定财产无主案件 cas concerning determination of property as qwnerless

认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cas concerning determination of a citizen as

incompetent or with limited disposing capacity

上诉 appeal

上诉人 appellant

上诉状 petition for appeal

少管所 juvenile prison

社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social curity

涉外案件 cas involving foreign interests

涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings

涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings

申请人 applicant; petitioner

申请书 petition; application for arbitration

申请执行人 execution applicant

申诉人宣誓书 claimant’s affidavit of authenticity

申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision

神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence

神示制度 ordeal system

审查案件 ca review

审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest

审查起诉阶段 stage of review and procution

审理通知书 notice of hearing

审判长 presiding judge

审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in ssion

审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction

审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision

审判委员会 judicial committee

审判员 judge

审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings

生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order

胜诉方 winning party

省市自治区检察院 higher People’s Procuratorate

失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death

实（质）体证据 substantial evidence

实物证据 tangible evidence

实在证据 real evidence

示意证据 demonstrative evidence

视听证据 audio-visual evidence

收容所 collecting post; safe retreat

首席大法官 chief justice

首席检察官 chief procurator

受害人的近亲属 victim’s immediate family

受理 acceptance

受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal ca

受送达人 the addre

书记员 court clerk

书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules

书证 documentary evidence

司法部 Ministry of Justice

司法机关 judicial organizatons

司法警察 judicial police

司法局 judicial bureau

司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct

jurisdiction of central government

司法协助 judicial assistance

死缓的复核 judicial review of death ntence with a retrieve

死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death ntence

死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death ntence

送达 rvice of process

送达传票 rvice of summons/subpoena

送达诉状 rvice of bill of complaint

搜查 arch

诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit

诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit

诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action

诉讼保全 attachment

诉讼参加人 litigious participants

诉讼代理人 agent ad litem

诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim

特别程序 special procedures

提起公诉 institute a public procution

铁路法院 railway court

铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate

庭审程序 procedure of court trial

通缉 wanted for arrest

投案 appearance

退回补充侦查 return of a ca for supplementary investigation

委托辩护 entrusted defen

未成年人法庭 juvenile court

无行政职务的法官 associate judge

无正当理由拒不到庭 refu to appear in court without due cau

无罪判决 acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”

物证 material evidence

先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution

先予执行 advanced execution

刑事案件 criminal ca

刑事拘留 criminal detention

刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures

刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal

刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings

刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law

刑事自诉状 lf-incriminating criminal complaint

行政案件 administrative ca

行政审判庭 administrative tribunal

行政诉讼 administrative proceedings

行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law

宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cas concerning the declaration of disappearance and death

宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement

选民资格案件 cas concerning qualifications of voters

询问证人 inquire/question a witness

训诫 reprimand

讯问笔录 record of interrogation

询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect

言词证据 verbal evidence

要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena

一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding

一审 trial of first instance

一审案件 ca of trial of first instance

应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action

有罪判决 ntence; finding of “guilty”

予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial

原告 plaintiff

院长 court president

阅卷笔录 record of file review (by lawyers)

再审案件 ca of retrial

再审申请书 petition for retrial

责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance

债权人会议 creditors’ meeting

侦查阶段 investigation stage

侦查终结 conclusion of investigation

征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant

证据 evidence

证据保全 prerve evidence

证据保全申请书 application for evidence prervation

证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit

支付令 payment order/warrant

知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal

执行程序 procedure execution

执行逮捕 execution of arrest

执行和解 conciliation of execution

执行回转 recovery of execution

执行庭 executive tribunal

执行异议 objection to execution

执行员 executor

执行中止 discontinuance of execution

执行终结 conclusion of execution

指定辩护 appointed defen

指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator

中级人民法院 intermediate People’s Court

中途退庭 retreat during court ssion without permission

仲裁 arbitration

仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant

仲裁裁决 award

仲裁申请书 arbitration

仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff

仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal

仲裁委员会 arbitration committee

仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; claus of arbitration

仲裁员 arbitrator

主诉检察官 principal procurator

助理检察官 assistant procurator

助理审判员 assistant judge

专门法院 special court

专门管辖 specific jurisdiction

专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction

追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility

自首 confession to justice

自诉案件 private-procuting ca

自行辩护 lf-defen

自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence

自侦案件 lf-investigating ca

最高人民法院 the Supreme People’s Court

最高人民检察院 the Supreme People’s Procuratorate

最后裁决书 final award

三、 民事法律

法律渊源 source of law

制定法 statute

判例法 ca law; precedent

普通法 common law

特别法 special law

固有法 native law; indigenous law

继受法 adopted law

实体法 substantial law

程序法 procedural law

原则法 fundamental law

例外法 exception law

司法解释 judicial interpretation

习惯法 customary law

公序良俗 public order and moral

自然法 natural law

罗马法 Roman Law

私法 private law

公法 public law

市民法 jus civile

万民法 jus gentium

民法法系 civil law system

英美法系 system of Anglo-American law

大陆法系 civil law system

普通法 common law

大陆法 continental law

罗马法系 Roman law system

英吉利法 English law

衡平法 equity; law of equity

日尔曼法 Germantic law

教会法 ecclesiastical law

寺院法 canon law

伊斯兰法 Islamic law

民法法律规范 norm of civil law

授权规范 authorization norm

禁止规范 forbidding norm

义务性规范 obligatory norm

命令性规范 commanding norm

民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law

平等原则 principle of equality

自愿原则 principle of free will

公平原则 principle of justice

等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange

诚实信用原则 principle of good faith

行为 act

作为 act

不作为 omission

合法行为 lawful act

违法行为 unlawful act

民事权利权利能力 civil right

绝对权 absolute right

相对权 relative right

优先权 right of priority

先买权 preemption

原权 antecedent right

救济权 right of relief

支配权 right of dominion

请求权 right of claim

物上请求权 right of claim for real thing

形成权 right of formation

撤销权 right of claiming cancellation

否认权 right of claiming cancellation

解除权 right of renouncement

代位权 subrogated right

选择权 right of choice

承认权 right of admission

终止权 right of termination

抗辩权 right of defen

一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defen

永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right

不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right

同时履行抗辩权 defen right of simultaneous performance

既得权 tested right

期待权 expectant right

专属权 exclusive right

非专属权 non-exclusive right

人身权利 personal right

人权 human right

人格权 right of personality

生命健康权 right of life and health

姓名权 right of name

名称权 right of name

肖像权 right of portraiture

自由权 right of freedom

名誉权 right reputation

隐私权 right of privacy

私生活秘密权 right of privacy

贞操权 virginity right

身份权 right of status

亲权 parental power; parental right

亲属权 right of relative

探视权 visitation right

配偶权 right of spou

荣誉权 right of honor

权利的保护 protection of right

公力救济 public protection

私力救济 lf-protection

权利本位 standard of right

社会本位 standard of society

无责任行为 irresponsible right

正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence

防卫行为 act of defence

自为行为 lf-conducting act

紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity

自助行为 act of lf-help

不可抗力 force majeure

意外事件 accident

行为能力 capacity for act

意思能力 capacity of will

民事行为 civil act

意思表示 declaration of intention

意思表示一致 meeting of minds; connsus

完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act

限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act

准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person

保佐 protection

自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity

无行为能力 incapacity for act

禁治产人 interdicted person

自然人 natural person

公民 citizen

住所 domicile

居所 residence

经常居住地 frequently dwelling place

户籍 census register

监护 guardianship

个体工商户 individual business

农村承包经营户 leaholding rural houhold

合伙 partnership

合伙人 partner

合伙协议 partnership agreement

合伙财产 property of partnership

合伙债务 debt of partnership

入伙 join partnership

退伙 withdrawal from partnership

合伙企业 partnership business establishment

个人合伙 partnership

法人合伙 partnership of legal person

特别合伙 special partnership

普通合伙 general partnership

有限合伙 limited partnership

民事合伙 civil partnership

隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership

私营企业 private enterpri; proprietorship

法人 legal person

企业法人 legal body of enterpri

企业集团 group of enterpri

关联企业 affiliate enterpri

个人独资企业 individual business establishment

国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterpri

中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterpri

中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterpri

社团法人 legal body of mass organization

财团法人 legal body of financial group

联营 joint venture

法人型联营 association of legal persons

合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership

协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management

合作社 cooperative

民事法律行为 civil legal act

单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act

双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act

多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act

有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration

无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award

实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act

诺成性民事法律行为 conntal civil legal act

要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act

不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act

要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act

不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act

主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act

从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act

附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act

附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term

生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death

死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death

准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act

无效行为 ineffective act

可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act

违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act

侵权行为 tort

欺诈 fraud

胁迫 duress

乘人之危 taking advantage of others’ precarious position

以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention

恶意串通 malicious collaboration

重大误解 gross misunderstanding

显失公平 obvious unjust

误传 misreprentation

代理 agency

本人 principal

被代理人 principal

受托人 trustee

代理人 agent

本代理人 original agent

法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent

委托代理人 agent by mandate

指定代理人 designated agent

复代理人 subagent

再代理人 subagent

转代理人 subagent

代理权 right of agency

授权行为 act of authorization

授权委托书 power of attorney

代理行为 act of agency

委托代理 agency by mandate

本代理 original agency

复代理 subagency

次代理 subagency

有权代理 authorized agency

表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency

律师代理 agency by lawyer

普通代理 general agency

全权代理 general agency

全权代理委托书 general power of attorney

共同代理 joint agency

独家代理 sole agency

居间 brokerage

居间人 broker

行纪 commission; broker hou

信托 trust

时效 time limit; prescription; limitation

时效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation

时效中断 interruption of limitation/prescription

时效延长 extension of limitation

取得时效 acquisitive prescription

时效终止 lap of time; termination of prescription

期日 date

期间 term

涉外民事关系 civil relations with foreign elements

冲突规范 rule of conflict

准据法 applicable law; governing law

反致 renvoi; remission

转致 transmission

识别 identification

公共秩序保留 rerve of public order

法律规避 evasion of law

国籍 nationality

国有化 nationalization

法律责任 legal liability

民事责任 civil liability/responsibility

行政责任 administrative liability/responsibility

刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility

违约责任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default

有限责任 limited liability

无限责任 unlimited liability

按份责任 shared/veral liability

连带责任 joint and veral liability

过失责任 liability for negligence; negligent liability

过错责任 fault liability; liability for fault

单独过错 sole fault

共同过错 joint fault

混合过错 mixed fault

被害人过错 victim’s fault

第三人过错 third party’s fault

推定过错 presumptive fault

恶意 bad faith; malice

故意 deliberate intention; intention; willfulness

过失 negligence

重大过失 gross negligence

疏忽大意的过失 careless and inadvertent negligence

过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption

损害事实 facts of damage

有形损失 tangible damage/loss

无形损失 intangible damage/loss

财产损失 property damage/loss

人身损失 personal damage/loss

精神损失 spiritual damage/loss

民事责任承担方式 methods of bearing civil liability

停止侵害 cea the infringing act

排除妨碍 exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle

消除危险 elimination of danger

返还财产 restitution of property

恢复原状 restitution; restitution of original state

赔偿损失 compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss

支付违约金 payment of liquidated damage

消除影响 eliminate ill effects

恢复名誉 rehabilitate one’s reputation

赔礼道歉 extend a formal apology

物权 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right

物权制度 real right system; right in rem system

一物一权原则 the principal of One thing, One Right

物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem

物权公示原则 principal of public summons of right in rem

物权法 jus rerem

物 property

生产资料 raw material for production

生活资料 means of livelihood; means of subsistence

流通物 res in commercium; a thing in commerce

限制流通物 limited merchantable thing

禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce

资产 ast

固定资产 fixed ast

流动资产 current ast; floating ast

动产 movables; chattel

不动产 immovable; real estate

特定物 res certae; a certain thing

种类物 genus; indefinite thing

可分物 res divisibiles; divisible things

不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things

主物 res capitalis; a principal thing

从物 res accessoria; an accessory thing

原物 original thing

孳息 fruits

天然孳息 natural fruits

法定孳息 legal fruits

无主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods

遗失物 lost property

漂流物 drifting object

埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property

货币 currency

证券 curities

债券 bond

物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right

自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership

所有权 dominium; ownership; title

所有权凭证 document of title; title of ownership

占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership

使用权 right of u; right to u of

收益权 right to earnings; right to yields

处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi

善意占有 posssion in good faith

恶意占有 malicious posssion

按份共有 veral posssion

共同共有 joint posssion

他物权 jus in re aliena

用益物权 real right for usufruct

使用权 right to u; right of u

土地使用权 right to the u of land

林权 forest ownership

采矿权 mining ownership

经营权 managerial authority; power of management

承包经营权 right to contracted management

相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright

地上权 superficies

永佃权 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract

地役权 rvitude; eament

人役权 rvitus personarum; personal rvitude

担保物权 real right for curity

物的担保 curity for thing

物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing

抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage

抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage

抵押人 mortgagor

抵押权人 mortgagee

抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage

抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage

抵押权的次序 quence of right to mortgage

抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage

抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage

抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage

抵押权的消灭 extinction of right to

mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage

抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage

抵押优先权 priority of mortgage

留置权 lien

一般留置权 general lien

特别留置权 special lien

质权 hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge

佃权 tenant right

债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right

债权人 creditor

债务人 debtor

相对人 counterpart; offeree

给付 give; pay

债务 debt; liability; obligation

债务的偿还 payment of debt

债务的偿清 discharge of debt

债务的担保 guarantee of debt

债务的合并 consolidation of debt

债务的给付日期 debt maturity

债务的免除 exemption of debt

债的分类 obligatio; obligation

法定之债 legal obligation

任意之债 voluntary obligation

简单之债 simple obligation

选择之债 alternative obligation

主债 prime/principal obligation

从债 accessory obligation

单一之债 single obligation

按份之债 veral obligation

连带之债 joint obligation

特定之债 certain obligation

种类之债 indefinite obligation

合同之债 contractual obligation

侵权行为之债 tort obligation

损害赔偿之债 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages

人身损害 damage to person

精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage

医药费 hospital treatment expen

医疗费 medical charge

抚恤金 pension

慰问金 consolation money

产品瑕疵 defect of product

不当得利 unjust enrichment

无因管理 voluntary rvice

债的担保 guarantee of obligation

财产担保 property guarantee

信用担保 credit guarantee

让与担保 alienation guarantee

保证 guaranty

明示保证 express guaranty

默示保证 implied guaranty

保证人 guarantor

保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship

保证金 guaranty bond; curity deposit

押金 deposit; foregift

预付款 advanced payment

定金 earnest money; deposit

违约金 liquidated damages

法定违约金 liquidated damages by law

约定违约金 liquidated damages by agreement

债的履行 performance of obligation

实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance

情事变更原则 doctrine of change of circumstances

不当履行 misfeasance

清偿 discharge; satisfaction

提存 debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority

抵销 toff

知识产权 intellectual property

知识产权国际保护 international protection of intellectual property

国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment

优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine

自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection

特许权使用费 royalties

智力成果 intellectual property

著作权 copyright

版权 copyright

著作权人 copyright owner

创作 creation

作品 opus; product; work

著作人格权 right of personality of copyright

发表权 right of publication

署名权 right of authorship; right of paternity

修改权 right of modification; right of revision

完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity

不可侵犯权 inviolability

收回权 right of recall; right of retrieval

自费出版 publish a book at the author’s own expen

著作财产权 property right in work

使用收益分享权 right to share usufruct

利用权 right to make u of

获得报酬权 right to get payment

重播权 right of rebroadcasting

录制权 right of fixation

机械复制权 right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction

著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright

剽窃 plagiary; plagiarism

盗版 pirate

盗版VCD pirated VCD

伪造 forge

工业产权 industrial property

专利权 patent right

优先权日 priority date

申请在先原则 prior application rule

使用在先 priority of u

新颖性 novelty

创造性 creativity

实用性 practicability

发明创造 invention and creation

实用新型 utility model

外观设计 design; industrial design

发明权 right of invention

发现权 right of discovery

专利申请 patent application

专利异议 objection to a patent

专利公告 patent gazette

专利续展费 renewal fee of patent

专利许可协议 patent licensing agreement

技术诀窍 know-how

专有技术 know-how

专利证书 certificate of patent

专利事务所 patent office

专利代理 patent agency

中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China

商标权 trademark right

商标国际注册 international registration of trademark

商品商标 commodity trademark

服务商标 rvice trademark

驰名商标 reputed trademark

广告商标 advertiment trademark

近似商标 similar trademark

商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board

商标审查 trademark examination

商标侵权 trademark infringement

商标注册 registered trademark

商标公告 trademark gazette

注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered trademark

注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark

商标使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement

商标事务所 trademark office

商标代理 trademark agency

婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption

婚姻法 marital law; marriage law

包办婚姻 arranged marriage

财产分割 partition; dismemberment of property

重婚 bigamy

独生子女 only child

法律婚 legal marriage

非婚生子女 illegitimate child

夫妻共同财产 community property

夫妻关系 conjugal relationship

夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board

复婚 resumption of marriage

感情破裂 incompatibility

婚后财产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties

婚姻登记 marriage registration

婚生子女 ligitimate child

计划生育 birth control

结婚 marry

离婚 divorce

买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage

拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law

旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation

涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements

配偶 spou

事实婚 de facto marriage

诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation

探视权 visitation right

同居 cohabitation

晚婚 late marriage

无效婚姻 void marriage

协议离婚 divorce by agreement

一夫一妻制 monogamy

早婚 early marriage

直系血亲 lineal descent

自然血亲 natural blood relation

收养法 adoption law

收养协议 adoption agreement

收养人 adoptive parent

送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption

涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements

继承法 inheritance law; law of succession

法定继承 legal ccession

遗嘱继承 intestate succession

遗赠继承 succession by devi

自然继承 natural succession

代位继承 reprentation; succession by subrogation

世袭继承 hereditary succession

间接继承 indirect succession

转继承 subsuccession

共同继承 joint succession

单独继承 single succession

继承人 heir; successor

第二顺序继承人 successor cond in order

第一顺序继承人 successor first in order

继承参与人 succession participant

遗产 inheritance; heritage

遗产继承人 heir to property; inheritor

遗言 last will and testament

遗书 last words

遗赠 bequest; legacy; devi

遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support ageement

四、 商事法律

会计法 accounting law

税法 tax law; taxation law

反不正当竞争法 anti-unfair competition law

消费者权益保护法 consumer’s interest protection law

产品责任法 production liability law

消费者权益法 consumer rights and interests law

公司法 company law; corporate law

公司 company; corporation

有限责任公司 limited liability company

股份有限公司 company limited by shares

无限公司 unlimited company

股份两合公司 joint stock limited liability partnership

两合公司 joint liability company

控股公司 holding company

集团公司 group company

合资公司 joint venture company

联营公司 associated company; affiliated company

国营公司 state-own company

国有公司 state-owned company

民营公司 civilian-run company

本国公司 national/domestic company

外国公司 foreign company

上市公司 listed company

母公司 parent company

子公司 subsidiary

皮包公司 briefca company; fundless company

募集设立 incorporation by stock floatation

发起人 floater; initiator

公司名称 name of company

公司住址 domicile of company

出资 contribution; capital subscription

现金出资 investment in cash

实物出资 investment in kind

工业产权出资 investment in industrial property right

非专有技术出资 investment in non-patent technology

劳务出资 investment in labor

高新技术成果出资 investment in hi-tech achievements

注册资本 registered capital

实缴资本 paid-in capital

验资报告 capital verification report

会计师事务所 certified public accountants

注册会计师 certified public accountant

资本三原则 three doctrine of capital

资本确定原则 doctrine of capital determination

资本维持原则 doctrine of capital maintenance

资本不变原则 doctrine of unchanging capital

最低资本额制度 minimum capital system

公司章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw

公司登记 incorporation; corporate registration

公司存续 existence of company

公司合并分立 merger and split of company

公司并购 corporate merger and acquisition

公司管理 corporate governance; company management

公司法律顾问 corporate counl

公司整顿 company rectification

公司歇业 closure of business

公司和解 company composition

公司解散 company dissolution

公司清算 company liquidation

公司清理 company winding-up

竞业禁止 non-commpete; competition prohibition

招股章程 prospectus

股本 stock capital

股东 shareholder

股东大会 shareholders’ meeting

股东大会决议 resolution of shareholders’ meeting

股东大会议事规则 rule of procedure of shareholders’ meeting

表决权 voting right; right to vote

董事 director

董事长 president/chairman of the board

首席执行官 chief executive officer(CEO)

首席运营官 chief operation officer(COO)

执行董事 executive director

常务董事 managing director

董事会 board of directors

董事会领导下的经理负责制 responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the

leadership of the board of directors

经理独立负责制 manager independent responsibility system

监事 supervisor

监事会 board of supervisors

股 share; stock

普通股 common stock

特别股 special stock

资格股 qualification stock

优先股 preferred stock

劣后股 inferior stock

表决权股 stock with voting power

溢价股 premium stock

折价股 converting stock

国家股 state-owned share

集体股 collective share

法人股 corporate share

企业股 enterpri share

个人股 individual share

股息 dividend

红股 bonus stock; dividend stock

法定公积金 legal accumulation fund

资本公积金 capital accumulation fund

盈余公积金 surplus accumulation fund

任意公积金 optional accumulation fund

公司犯罪 corporate crime

证券法 curities law

证券发行 issuance of curities

证券上市 list curities; float an issue

证券交易所 stock exchange

证券商 curities dealer

证券公司 curities company

证券承销商 consortium of underwriters

证券承销合同 underwriting contract

证券经纪人 curities broker

披露制度 disclosing system

交割日 closing date

风险投资基金 venture capital fund

上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange

深圳证券交易所 Shenzhen Stock Exchange

证券监督委员会 curities supervision committee

票据法 law of negotiable instrument

票据 notes; bills; commercial instruments

商业票据 bill; commercial instrument

远期票据 time bill;; long-dated bill

到期票据 matured bill

即期票据 sight bill

记名票据 bill payable to order; note to order

不记名票据 bearer instrument

本票 promissory note

支票 cheque

汇票 bill of exchange

发票日 ticket day

出票日 date of draft/issue

发票地 place of draft/issue

票据到期日 bill to mature

票据金额 sum of bill

票面价额 face value

票据出票人 drawer

票据持票人 bill holder

票据承兑人 bill acceptor

票据行为 act on commercial paper

承兑票据 honor a bill

票据议付 negotiation

拒付票据 protest a bill

票据付款人 drawee

票据支付人 payer on commercial instrument

票据收款人 bill collector

票据背书人 endorr/indorr of a bill

被背书人 endore

票据保证人 bill guarantor

票据被保证人 bill pledgee/warrantee

再追索人 renewed recourr

前手 remote holder

后手 subquent endorr

票据权利 right of bill

票据期限 term of bill; tenor

票据债务人 debtor of commercial instrument

追索权 right of recour

票据抗辩 exception to bill

票据丧失 loss of bill

票据时效 prescription of exchanges

票据贴现 discount of bill

再贴现 rediscount of bill

恩惠期间 term of benevolence

票据代理 agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments

海商法 maritime law

船舶国籍证书 certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality

船棋国 flag country

船舶所有权证书 certificate of ship ownership

船舶检验 register of ship

船舶保险 insurance on hull

船舶保险单 hull insurance policy

船舶登记证书 certificate of registry

船舶丈量 tonnage measurement of ships

船舶进港费 groundage

船舶抵押 ship mortgage

船舶租赁 ship chartering

船舶转租 ship subchartering

船舶所有人责任限制 limitation of liabilities of ship owners

船舶碰撞 ship collision

船舶遇难 maritime distress

海上灾难 perils of the a

海上拖航 marine towage

船舶扣押 detention of ship

船舶债权 ship’s credit

船级社 classification society

船级证书 certificate of class

海上留置权 maritime lien

船舶留置权 maritime lien

船舶抵押权 maritime mortgage

海上优先请求权 priority claim to agoing ships

救助优先权 priority claim to salvage

共同海损优先权 priority claim to general average

服务优先权 priority claim to rvice

货物损害优先权 priority claim to cargo damage

传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权 priority claim to ship credit and goods credit

海运合同 shipping contract

提单 bill of lading(B/L)

空舱费 dead freight

租船费 charterage

租船合同 charter-party contract of affreightment

期租船合同 time charter-party; time CP

航次租船合同 voyage charter-party

定期租船合同 time charter-party

光船租船合同 bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP

包租运输合同 shipping charter-party

海上旅客运输合同 contract for carriage of pasngers by a

远洋拖带合同 contract of ocean towage

港内拖带合同 contract of port towage

海难救助合同 salvage contract

海事报告 master’s protest;; a protest

海事声明书 a protest

海事争议 maritime dispute

海事法院 maritime court;; admiralty court

海事诉讼程序 maritime proceedings

船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权 civil jurisdiction of a collision

船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权 criminal jurisdiction of a collision

海事争议的审理 hearing/trial of maritime disputes

海事诉讼保全措施 measures for maritime attachment

海事优先请求权 preferential right top maritime claim

海事请求保全申请书 application/petition for maritime attachment

海事诉讼法律文书送达 rvice of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings

涉外海事诉讼管辖权 jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements

强制变卖被扣押船舶 compulsory realization of the distrained ship

海事仲裁程序规则 rules of maritime arbitration procedure

保险法 insurance law

自愿保险 voluntary insurance

强制保险 compulsory insurance

商业保险 commercial insurance

财产保险 property insurance

人身保险 personal insurance

人寿保险 life insurance

健康保险 health insurance

意外保险 accident insurance

社会保险 social insurance

养老保险 endowment insurance

医疗保险 medical insurance

失业保险 unemployment insurance

信用保险 credit insurance

保证保险 guaranty insurance

保险合同 insurance contract

保险人 insurer; underwriter

被保险人 the insured

受益人 benificiary

投保人 applicant for insurance;; policy holder

保险单 insurance policy

保险标的 insurance object

保险费 premium

保险期限 time limit of insurance

保险利益 insurable interest

保险金额 insurance; insurance compensation

保险事故 insurance accident

保险赔偿 insurance indemnity

保险代理人 insurance agent

保险经纪人 insurance broker

索赔 claim

代位索赔 claim by subrogation

理赔 ttlement of claim

代位求偿权 right of subrogation

委付 abandonment

退保 cancellation/discharging of insurance

五、刑法总论

刑法学 criminal law; penal law

犯罪学 criminology

犯罪心理学 criminal psychology

劳动改造法学 reform-through-labor

中国刑法史 history of Chine criminal law

比较刑法学 comparative criminal law

刑事侦查 criminal detection

司法精神病学 forensic psychiatry

罪刑法定原则 principal of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime

罪刑相适应原则 principal of suiting punishment to crime

罪责自负原则 principal of bearing responsibility solely for one’s own crime

惩罚与教育相结合原则 principal of combining punishment with education

从旧原则 the doctrine of obrving old laws

从新原则 the doctrine of obrving new laws

从旧兼从轻原则 the doctrine of obrving old laws and new ones when with lighter punishment

从新兼从轻原则 the doctrine of obrving new laws and old ones when with lighter punishment

追诉时效 limitation of procution

刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility

刑事责任年龄 age for criminal responsibility

刑事责任能力 criminal responsibility; capacity for criminal responsibility

犯罪 crime; commit a crime

故意犯罪 intentional crime; willful crime

过失犯罪 negligent crime

犯罪构成 constitution of a crime

犯罪主体 subject of a crime

犯罪客体 object of a crime

犯罪的主观方面 subjective elements of a crime

犯罪的客观方面 objective elements of a crime

犯罪对象 target of a crime

犯罪故意 criminal intent; mens rea

直接故意 actual intent; direct intent

间接故意 indirect intent

犯罪过失 criminal negligence

疏忽大意的过失 careless negligence

过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption

不能预见 unforeeable; unpredictable

不能避免 unavoidable

犯罪动机 criminal motive

犯罪目的 criminal intent; criminal purpo

防卫过当 unjustifiable lf-defen

紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity

犯罪既遂 completion of a crime

犯罪未遂 attempted crime

犯罪形态 criminal pattern

犯罪预备 a crime in preparation; preparation for a crime

犯意表示 expression for a crime

犯罪中止 abandonment/discontinuance of a crime

犯罪中断 suspension of a crime

行为犯 behavioral offence

危险犯 potential damage offence

结果犯 conquential offence

结果加重犯 aggregated conquential offence

类推 analogy

定罪 conviction; crimination

定罪情节 circumstances for adjudgment

定罪量刑 punishment fits the crime

量刑情节 principle of discretionary action of ntencing; principal of ntencing

危害行为 dangerous act

因果关系 causative relation

共同犯罪 complicity; joint offence

教唆犯 abettor

主犯 principal

从犯 accessory

胁从犯 accomplice under duress; unwilling follower

帮助犯 aider; accessory

累犯 recidivist; repeat offence

一般累犯 common recidivist

反革命累犯 counter-revolutionary recidivist

法人犯罪 corporate crime

结伙犯罪 gang crime

流氓集团 gang of hoodlums

流氓罪 crime of indecent assault

集团犯罪 organized crime

经济犯罪 economic crime

职务犯罪 duty crime; crime by taking advantage of duty

聚众犯罪 asmbled a crowd to commit a crime

一罪 one crime

一罪不二罚 nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto; no one is punished twice for the same crime

继续犯 continuous crime

持续犯 continuous crime

想象竟合犯 imaginative joinder of offences

惯犯 habitual offence

结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offence

连续犯 continuing offence

牵连犯 implicated offence

吸收犯 Inclusive offence; absorbable offence

数罪 plural crimes

数罪并罚 joinder of punishment for plural crimes

法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty

法定最低刑 minimum statutory penalty

总和刑期 total term of ntences

并科原则 doctrine of cumulation of punishments

相加原则 doctrine of accumulation

合并原则 doctrine of joinder

累加原则 cumulative principle

吸收原则 absorption principle

限制加重原则 principle of limitative aggravation

折衷原则 doctrine of compromi

两罚制 dual/double punishment

单罚制 single punishment

漏罪 omitted crime

先并后减 reduction after combined ntence

新罪 newly committed crime

先减后并 combination of ntence after reduction

刑罚个别化原则 principle of individualization of punishment

刑罚经济原则 principle of economization of punishment

刑罚人道主义原则 principle of humanitarianism of punishment

刑罚效益原则 principle of utility of punishment

刑罚的种类 classification of criminal pennalties

生命刑 punishment depriving life

财产刑 punishment against property

权利刑 punishment of depriving rights

主刑 principal penalties

管制 public surveillance

拘役 penal rvitude

有期徒刑 fixed-term imprisonment

无期徒刑 life imprisonment

死刑 death penalty

死缓 death ntence with a two-year reprieve

附加刑 accessory penalties

剥夺政治权利 deprivation of political right

没收财产 forfeiture of property

罚金 criminal fine

剥夺勋章、奖章和荣誉称号 stripping of medals, decoration or honorary titles

驱逐出境 renvoi

量刑 ntencing

犯罪事实 criminal fact

犯罪性质 criminal character

犯罪情节 criminal circumstances of crime

情节严重 grave/rious circumstances

情节特别严重 circumstances are particularly rious

情节恶劣 circumstances are wicked

后果特别严重 with particularly rious conquence

量刑情节 circumstance for ntencing

法定情节 statutory circumstances

从轻处罚 lighter punishment

减轻处罚 mitigation of penalty below minimum statutory prescript

从重处罚 heavier punishment

加重处罚 aggravation of penalty below minimum statutory prescript

免予处罚 exemption from punishment

酌定情节 discretionary circumstances

自首 surrender onelf to justice

坦白 confession of one’s offence

自动投案 voluntary surrender to justice

立功 metitorious rviceofft立功赎罪

假释 one’s guilt by merit

假释考验期 probation period for parole

减刑 commutation; mitigation of punishment

减刑建议书 advisory letter of commutation

赦免 pardon

大赦 amnesty; general pardon

特赦 special pardon

追诉时效 limitation of procution

追诉期限 deadline of procution

预防犯罪 prevention of crime

缓刑 probation; reprieve

缓刑宣告制 system of suspended pronouncement of ntence

缓刑起诉制 system of suspended procution

缓刑考验期 probation period

行刑 execution; executing punishment

监外执行 execution of ntence outside prison yet under surveillance

六、劳动与社会保障法律

劳动法 labor law

劳动保护 labor protection

劳动合同制 labor contract system

集体劳动合同 collective labor contract

劳动合同期限 term of a labor contract

不定期劳动合同 employment contract with unspecified term

有固定期限劳动合同 time labor contract

劳资双方 labor and management

用人单位 employer

劳动者 employee

劳动年龄 job age; labor age

试用期 probation period

标准工时制度 standard labor time system

劳动时间 working hours

劳动期间 working period

带薪年休假 paid annual leave

法定休假日 legal holiday; official holiday

公休日 public holiday

劳动收入 labor income

工资等级制度 wage grading system

固定工资 wage of fixed amount

浮动工资 floating wage

保底工资 minimum wage

提成工资 deduction wage

劳动人事管理 labor and personnel management

劳动纪律 labor discipline

竞业禁止规定 non-compete rules

保密规定 confidentiality

解雇 dismiss; fire

辞职 resign; resignation

终止劳动关系 terminate labor relation

工伤 industrial injury

福利 welfare

劳动保险 labor insurance

劳动赔偿 labor indemnity

社会保障 social curity

就业登记 employment registration

公费医疗 free medical care

下岗 lay off

下岗职工 laid-off worker

劳动管理部门 administrative department for labor

劳动合同鉴定 certification of labor contract

劳动安全卫生检查制度

system of inspection for labor safety and hygiene

劳动能力丧失程度鉴定 verification of degree of physical disability

劳动鉴定委员会 labor appraisal committee

劳动监察制度 labor supervision system

劳动介绍所 employment agency

人才交流中心 talent exchange

劳动力市场 labor market

人事档案 personnel archive

劳动与社会保障部 Ministry of Labor and Social Security

社会保险 social curity

养老保险 endowment insurance

医疗保险 medical insurance

失业保险 unemployment insurance

生育保险 birth insurance

劳动争议仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal of labor disputes

劳动仲裁法 labor arbitration law

劳动合同履行地 place where a labor contract is performed

劳动合同争议 dispute of labor contract

申诉人 complainant; petitioner

被申诉人 respondent

仲裁申请书 arbitration petition

先裁后诉 award (a labor dispute) shall be obtained before litigation

七、行政法律

具体行政行为 specific administrative act

抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act

行政案件 administrative ca

行政补偿 administrative recuperation

行政不作为 administrative omission

行政部门 administrative department; executive branch

行政裁定 administrative ruling

行政裁定书 administrative ruling in writing

行政裁决 administrative adjudication

行政裁量 administrative discretion

行政裁判 administrative adjudication

行政程序法 administrative procedure law

行政裁判所 administrative tribunal

行政程序 administrative procedure

行政程序法 administrative procedure law

行政程序立法 administrative procedure ligislation

行政程序违法 violation of law of administrative procedure

行政处罚 administrative penalty; administrative punishment

行政处罚的简易程序 summary procedures for administrative penalties

行政处罚的听证程序 procedure on hearing of administrative penalties

行政处罚决定书 written decision of administrative penalty

行政处分 administrative sanction

行政处理 administrative handling

行政措施 administrative measure; executive action

行政复议 administrative reconsideration

行政申诉 administrative appeal

行政审查 administrative examination

行政审判 administrative adjudication; administrative trial

行政申诉状 written administrative appeal

限制人身自由权的行政处罚 administrative penalties restricting the personal liberty

限制行为权的行政处罚 administrative penalties restricting the right of personal freedom

行政干涉 administrative interference

行政干预 administrative intervention

行政告知 administrative notice

行政割让 cession of administration

行政公函 official letter

行政公开原则 principle of administrative openness

行政即决行为 summary administrative act

行政监察 administrative supervision; supervision over administration

行政监督 administrative supervision; supervision by administration; supervision by the executive

行政检查 administrative inspection

行政鉴定 administrative appraisal

行政救济穷尽原则 doctrine of exhaustiveness(of administrative remedies)

行政拘留 administrative attachment; administrative detention

行政决定 administrative decision; executive decision

行政控制 administrative control; executive control

行政决议 administrative resolution

行政命令 administrative order; executive command; executive order

行政判决 administrative judgement

行政侵权 administration tort

行政请愿 administrative petition

行政协理 administrative assistant

具体行政行为 specific administrative act

行政安排 administrative arrangement

行政控诉 administrative appeal

违法行政行为 administrative act in violation of law

警告 admonition

司法建议 judicial advice

八、其他

法理（学） jurisprudence

法律渊源 sources of law

法系 family of law; genealogy of law

普通法系 common law

大陆法系 continental genealogy of law; civil law

保护性规范 protective norm

禁止性规范 prohibitive norm

命令性规范 mandatory norm

强制性规范 compulsory norm

任意性规范 random norm

义务性规范 obligatory norm

选择性规范 optional norm

立法 legislation

人治 rule of men

法治 rule of law

法制 justice; ligality

司法监督 judicial supervision

程序法 procedural law

实体法 substantive law