2023年12月28日发(作者:高空飞艇)
法律英语必背单词第一章法律制度CivilLaw:民法EconomicLaw:经济法Legalsystem:法律制度;法律体系;法系American’syouth:美国建国初期FiftyStates:50个州(美国是个联邦制国家,每个州都是一个相对独立的实体,有着自己的宪法和政府组织,因此把state理解成邦国更为准确)ThereportsoftheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt:联邦最高法院判例汇编Stoutvolumes:巨册Overarching:贯穿始终的Nationalcharacteristics:民族特性Bindinginterpretation:有约束力的法律解释Commonlaw:普通法(它是统一适用于整个国家,效力优先于地方习惯法的法律,因此理解成共同法更为准确)ItinerantjudgesoftheEnglishroyalcourt:英国皇家法院的巡回法官Writ:令状ProvisionsofOxford:牛津条例(从贵族会议中推选出的24人委员会为限制亨利三世的权力而在1258年制定的一部带有宪法性质的法律)Writupontheca:本案令状第1页
Exaequoetbono:公平且善良CourtofChancery:衡平法院Maxims:法则Compensatorydamage:金钱赔偿Judicialacceptance:司法接纳(即,通过判例法的方式接受)第二章法律职业Legalprofession:法律职业Thebar:法律职业MultistateBarExam:律师资格考试Substantialfraction:大多数Lawyer:律师Attorney:律师Attorney-at-law:律师Counllor:律师Counllor-at-law:律师Retain:雇用Practicelaw:从事律师业务HarlanFiskeStone:哈兰·菲斯克·斯通,1941年担任最高法院首席大法官ChiefJustice:首席大法官Barristersandsolicitors:诉讼律师和非诉律师。英国的开业律师分为第2页
两种:诉讼律师(大律师/出庭律师),有资格出席法庭审判并代理诉讼;非诉律师(律师/诉状律师/事务律师),只能担任案件的诉讼准备工作和从事非诉讼律师业务。Advocacy:代理诉讼,出庭辩护PrototypeofAmericanlawyer:美国律师的原型HouCounl:专职律师顾问,指受雇于某公司企业而非独立开业的律师。亦可称为corporatecounl,公司或团体法律顾问。Practicepreventivelaw:从事预防性法律服务,即帮助客户避免出现法律问题和纠纷。Exclusiveofthejudiciary:不包括法官Stateprocutor:美国州检察官Stateattorney:州检察官;州律师Districtattorney:地区检察官;地区律师Procutingattorney:起诉检察官;公诉律师第三章法律教育ABAaccreditedlawschools:美国律师协会认可的法学院(要获得美国律师协会的认可,法学院必须达到该协会规定的标准,包括学校设施、图书馆藏书、师生比例、课程安排。)Socializationoffuturelawyers:使未来的律师具备社交活动能力Laisz-fairecapitalism:自由资本主义NewDeal:新政(美国总统罗斯福在1933~1939年期间所实施的,旨第3页
在加强政府对经济控制的内政纲领。)Themodernregulatorynation:现代规制国家(与“现代法治国家”相似的说法。)Peripheralsubjects:边缘学科Clinicaleducation:诊所式教育Interdisciplinarycontext:交叉性学科的背景Socraticmethod:苏格拉底式问答式教学法ChristopherColumbusLangdell:克里斯托弗·哥伦布·兰德尔(美国著名法学家和法律教育家)Narrowformalisticapproach:狭隘的形式主义方法Alienation:异化(法学院培养出来的律师与社会公众的离异。)Dialogue:对话Nondialogue:老师一人独讲Analogy:类推Elitelawschool:精英法学院The“oldboynetworks”:老同学关系网;老哥们儿关系网FelixFrankfurter:弗利克斯·弗兰克福特(美国著名法学家和联邦最高法院大法官)Productofupperclassgentileculture:上等阶层异教文化的产物第四章司法系统Judicialsystem:司法系统第4页
theDistrictofColumbia:哥伦比亚特区Coordinatesystem:并列存在的系统Two-tieredsystem:两级审判体制Judicialdistrict:司法管辖区Discretionary:属于自由裁量权的(意指最高法院有权决定对哪些上述案件进行审理。)Writofcertiorari:调案复查令Anadhocbasis:以个案为基础的Careerjudiciary:职业法官Norvicethatmustbeentered:没有必须先行进入的行业Popularvote:民众选举;普选Byniorityofrvice:依据服务的资历Grossmisconduct:严重的过错行为TheAmericanBarAssociation's"CodeofJudicialConduct":美国律师协会的“法官行为准则”Privatepractitioner:私人执业律师Ablestlegalminds:最有能力的法律人才第五章Doctrineofconstitutionalsupremacy:宪法至上原则Fundamentallaw:基本法Malfeasance:渎职行为;渎职罪第5页
Processofimpeachment:弹劾程序Drasticmeasure:严厉措施SecretaryofWar:国防部长AndrewJohnson:安德鲁·约翰逊(美国第17任总统)Bythesametoken:由于同样的原因Nationalconvention:全国修宪大会Judicialinterpretation:司法解释Judicialreview:司法审查权Constitutionality:合宪性Acidtest:酸度检测;合格检验标准第六章行政法Agencyaction:行政行为Administrativeunit:行政单位Adjudication:裁定Rulemaking:规章制定Discretionary:自由裁量的Asimpledebt:单纯债务(即,无附加条件的债务)Sub-constitutional:准宪法性;仅次于宪法的theFSEC(FederalSecuritiesandExchangeCommission):联邦证券交易委员会Paradigmaticprocedures:标准程序第6页
Formaladjudication:正式裁决Informaladjudication:非正式裁决Ontherecord:有记录的Administrativelawjudge:行政法法官Hearing:听证会Bureaucraticroutine:日常行政活动Formalrulemaking:正式规章制定Informalrulemaking:非正式规章制定Statute-likenorm:类似法律的规范Statutorylaw:制定法Decisionistakenbureaucratically:以行政方式做出决定Inspection:检查;审查theexistenceornotofconditionswarrantingformaladministrativeaction:是否存在需要采取正式行政行为的条件第七章刑法Homicide:杀人罪Self-defen:自卫;正当防卫Necessity:紧急避险Necessityinlfdefen:正当防卫Justifiablehomicide:正当杀人Forciblefelony:暴力性重罪第7页
Robbery:抢劫罪Burglary:入室盗窃罪Felon重罪犯Excusablehomicide:可宽恕的杀人Grossnegligence:严重过失Criminalhomicide:有罪杀人Murder:恶意杀人;谋杀;凶杀Manslaughter:非恶意杀人;非预谋杀人PriortheretoinEngland:在那时以前的苏格兰Elementofcrime:犯罪要件Separatestatute:单行法规Criminalcode:刑法典Malice:恶意;预谋theCaliforniaPenalCode:加利福尼亚州刑法典Malicemaybeexpressorimplied:恶意可以是明示或暗示的Deliberatelyintention:故意Provocation:挑衅Felony-murder:重罪中的恶意杀人Co-felons:重罪共犯Deathpenalty:死刑No-fatalrobberies:无致命抢劫第8页
Degreesofmurder:恶意杀人罪的等级Wilful:故意的Deliberate:蓄意的Premeditated:预谋的First/conddegreemurder:一级/二级恶意杀人罪Imprisonment:监禁Voluntary/involuntarymanslaughter:故意杀人“intheheatofpassion”:激情杀人Adulterousconduct:通奸行为Paramour:奸夫;奸妇Frailtyofhumannature:人类的意志脆弱性Criminalsanction:刑罚Convictionrate:判罪率Acquittalbyreasonof"theunwrittenlaw"根据“不成文法”作出的无罪判决Legalizing:使合法化Privilege:特许权Innon-jurycas:在非陪审团审的案件中Sexuallyimpotentman:无性交能力的男人Unintentionalkilling:非故意杀人;过失杀人Schoolcrossing:校区的人行横道(汽车Driversshallbereducedtoacertainspeedlimithere)司机到此应减至一定限速)第9页
Recklesshomicide:疏忽大意杀人罪Negligenthomicide:过失杀人罪Penitentiary:犯罪矫正机构;监狱Lightpenalty:轻刑Heavypenalty:重刑Incarceration:监禁Statutoryoffen:法定罪Pleasofguilty:有罪辩护;认罪FederalHomicideLaw:联邦杀人罪法Federaloffenofcriminalhomicide:联邦杀人罪Bankrobberfugitive:银行抢劫逃犯The1961IllinoisCriminalCode:1961年的伊利诺伊州刑法典Jurylectionincapitalcas:在死刑案件中陪审员的挑选Impositionofthedeathpenalty:判处死刑;死刑判决第八章民权法Invidiousdiscrimination:嫉恨式歧视Magistrate:治安法官Summaryjudgmentmotion:简易审判动议Retaliationclaim:关于报复的诉讼请求Onappeal:在上诉中Thedefendant’scontention:被告人的争论点或主张第10页
Synonymously:与种族同义地Section1981:美国法典第1981条Conditionofrvitude:奴隶身份Plainmeaningoflegislation:立法的明确含义Literalapplication:按照字面含义的适用Finns:芬兰人Gypsies:吉普赛人Basques:巴斯克人Hebrews:犹太人Swedes:瑞典人Irish:爱尔兰人French:法国人Ethnocentricandnaiveworldview:种族中心论和朴素世界论观点Cauofaction:诉讼理由Antebellumslavesociety:南北战争以前的奴隶社会The”ubiquitousconcernwithcolor”:对肤色的普遍关注Pernicious:有害的Reconstruction:美国南北战争之后的重建时期De-emphasis:降低重要性Thesocioeconomicallyempoweredgroup:在社会经济上掌握权力的集团第11页
第九章合同法ContractLaw:合同法theUniformCommercialCode:《统一商法典》ConsumerProtectionStatutes:《消费者保护法》LaborLaw:《劳工法》InsuranceLaw:《保险法》Consideration:对价Requirementofexchange:交换的需求Contractformation:合同的构成Offer:要约Acceptance:承诺Unjustenrichment:不当得利Fraud:欺诈Misreprentation:虚假陈述Duress:强迫Unconscionability:显失公平Contractperformance:合同履行Contractinterpretation:合同的解释Breach:违约Damages:损害赔偿金Remedy:救济Expectationdamages:预期赔偿金第12页
Agreeduponremedies:补救协议Liquidateddamages:预定违约金Settlementagreements:清偿协议Equitablerelief:衡平救济Specificperformance:实际履行Injunction:强制令Restitution:恢复原状Legaleffect:法律效力Transaction:交易Agreement-in-fact:事实协议Agreement-as-written:书面协议Tangibleandintangible:有形的和无形的Susceptibleofownership:可以有所有权的TheEmpireStateBuilding:纽约帝国大厦“GoneWiththeWind”:飘Realproperty:不动产Bodiesoflaw:法律的主要内容Overlap:交叉Congruent:等同Treason:叛国罪Taxevasion:逃税罪Slander:诽谤第13页
Transferorconvey:转移或转让Licentoupatentedprocess:使用专利工序的许可证Legalmechanism:法律机制Conveyanceofproperty:财产权的转让Authority:权威性依据;法源Source:法律渊源Primaryauthority:首要法源Secondaryauthority:次要法源Persuasiveauthority:劝导性法源AmericanLawInstitute’sRestatementsoftheLaw:美国法学会的《法律重述汇编》Judicialdecision:司法判决;法官判决意见Assumpsit:口头合同Quantummeruit:合理给付Judicialsystemofdecision-making:司法决策体制Staredecisis:遵从前例原则Precedent:判例Subjudice:尚未判决;在审判中Predictabilityofdecision:判决的可预见性:对...加以控制Naturalproclivityofjudges:法官的自然癖向Prervationofthestatusquo:保持现状第14页
Blindadherenceto:盲从Overrule:推翻Retroactivelychange:追溯性地改变theRestatementofContracts:《合同法重述》Reasoning:推理论证Thebenchandbar:法官们和律师们Forceoflaw:法律效力Citingandquoting:援引和引用(citing不必用原文;quoting必用原文)Judicialdiscretion:法官的自由裁量权Legalcommentary:法律评论第十章侵权法TortLaw:侵权法;民事损害赔偿法FederalTortClaimsAct:《联邦侵权索赔法》intentionaltort:故意侵权行为Negligence:过失侵权行为Negligenttort:过失侵权行为Strictliabilitytort:严格责任侵权行为Constitutionaltort:宪法侵权行为Governmenttort:政府侵权行为Husband-wifetort:夫妻侵权行为第15页
Maritimetort:海上侵权行为Automobiletort:汽车侵权行为Quasitort:准侵权行为Thelawoftorts:侵权行为法Compensation:补偿费Intangibledamage:无形损害Honarariaforexperts:专家证人的酬金Awardaverdict:陪审团给出的判决Touchstoneforveralreformendeavors:若干改革努力的试金石Conversion:非法占有(他人财产)Impliedcontract:默示合同Breachofwarranty:违反保证诺言Embryo:胎儿Theheirsornextofkin:继承人或近亲属Testator:立遗嘱人Wrongfuldeathaction:非正常死亡之诉“dram-shopacts”:“小酒店法令”Battery:殴打Assault:意图伤害;威胁伤害Falimprisonment:非法拘禁Trespasstopersonalandrealproperty:对动产和不动产的侵犯Alienationofaffection:破坏他人夫妻关系第16页
Defamation:诽谤Tortsforinvasionofprivacyandforproductsliability:侵犯隐私权的行为和产品责任侵权行为Dutyofcare:照看义务Areasonableandprudentman:一个理性且谨慎的人Restrictiveinterpretation:限制性解释Transportsgratuitously:免费运送Gueststatutes:免费乘客法(···)Contributorynegligence:共同过失Recovery:通过诉讼恢复或收回被侵占的权利或财产Lawofnegligence:过失侵权法Strictliability:严格责任No-Fault:无过错Rebuttablepresumption:可反驳之推定Thedoctrineofresipsaloquitur:不言自明原则Insurancepremiums:保险费Insuranceproceeds:保险收益Medicalmalpractice:医务渎职Actualloss:实际损失(包括花费expens、收益lossofprofits或工资wages的损失)第十一章财产法第17页
Manageroftheinstitutionalmachinery:公共职能机制的管理者TheAmericanRevolution:美国独立战争(美国革命)Rigiddoctrineofabsoluteright:绝对权利的僵硬原则Advocate:辩护人Titleandescrowarrangements:产权和第三者保存契据之安排Usingahumanorganismasananalogy:使用人体做个类比Potentialinvestor:有意投资者Default:不履行义务;拖欠贷款Permanentfinancingdocuments:常设财务文件Performancebond:履行保证金Instruments:文件;票据Disputeresolution:争议解决办法Secondaryparty:间接当事人Passiveinvestor:消极投资人(通过购买证券等方式进行投资的人)Duediligence:适当注意Covenant:契约Eament:通行权Nuisance:妨害行为Holdingdevice:拥有形式Securitydevice:担保形式Securitytransaction:担保交易Secondaryfinancing:间接融资第18页
Encumberedproperty:抵押财产Mortgageholder:抵押权人Theinstallmentlandvendor:分期付款的土地出售人Recoveryofposssion:恢复占有Foreclosure:取消赎回权Deficiencyjudgment:不足额判决Incentives:激励Prevail:占据主要地位Benchmark:基本标准Formalitiesoftransfer:过户手续Serviceintermediaries:服务中介Titleinsurers:产权保险人Unauthorizedpracticelaws:有关未经授权的从业活动的法律Conveyancingintermediaries:转让中介Multiunitresidentialproperties:多单元住宅产业Escalatingprice:递增价格Nonresidentiallandparcels:非住宅地块Apositionpaper:一份表明立场的文件Asviewedbythepracticingbar:正如从业律师们所看待的第十二章公司法Individualproprietorship:个体业主第19页
Partnership:合伙usinesnterpris:美国的商务企业法Clocorporationlaws(acts):内部持股公司法(条例)Shareholder:股东Generalpartnership:一般合伙theUniformPartnershipAct(UPA):统一合伙条例theRevidUniformLimitedPartnershipAct:统一有限合伙修订条例Incorporated:组成公司conflictlaws:美国现行的冲突法规则ArticlesofIncorporationandBylaws:组织章程和内部规章FederalSecuritiesActs:联邦证券条例theSecuritiesExchangeAct:证券交易条例theSecuritiesandExchangeCommission:证券交易委员会Americanbusinesslaw:美国商务实业法Existingcurities:上市证券BlueSkyLaws:蓝天法Preempt:优先于FederalAntitrustLaws:联邦反托拉斯法Thestatecorporatedivision:州的公司处Separatelegalentities:独立的法律实体Writtenpartnershipagreement:书面合伙协议Primafacieevidence:表面证据第20页
Generalpartnership:普通合伙Limitedpartnership:有限合伙Secretaryofstate:州务部长Incorporation:公司成立Businessregistration:公司注册Dissolution:公司解散Directorsofthecorporation:公司董事Theprincipalplaceofbusiness:主要营业地Theimpositionofafine:征收罚金Voidorvoidable:无效或可撤销的第十三章保险法Groupinsurance:团体保险Healthandlifeinsurance:健康人寿保险Insurancepolicy:保单Accidentinsurance:意外保险Liabilityinsurance:责任保险Insuranceagent:保险代理人Insurancebroker:保险掮客Insuranceproceeds:保险收益Buy-outagreement:股权承买协议Buy-llagreement:股权买卖协议第21页
Insurableinterest:可保险的利益Insurableloss:可保险的损失Keyman/personinsurance:关键人员的保险Premium:保险费Stockboy:理货勤杂工Stockretirementplan:赎股计划Estate:遗产Beneficiary:保险受益人Toissuenotes:签发本票Adeceadpartner’sinterest:一名已亡合伙人的股权Adefinitevaluationformula:一套确定的估价方案第十四章商法Generalpolicepower:警察权力Theframers:制定者Broadreadingoftheclau:对该条款的广义解释Burdentheformsofcommerce:带有关于某些商业活动的规定Thejustices:大法官们Completegrantofpower:完全授权Defertothelegislativechoices:遵从立法机关的选择ModernCommercePowerTests:现代商务权力检验标准theModernDelegationofPowerDoctrine:现代授权原则第22页
“anti-delegation”principle:“反授权”原则Probate:遗嘱认证theVirginIslands:维尔京群岛GeneralProvisions:总则CommercialPaper:商务文件;票据BankDepositsandCollections:银行押金与托收LettersofCredit:信用证BulkTransfor:大量财产转让DocumentsofTitle:产权证书InvestmentSecurities:投资证券SecuredTransactions:有担保的交易EffectiveDateandRepealer:有效日期与废止议案theUniformSalesAct:统一销售条例theUniformBillsofLadingAct:统一提单条例theUniformWarehouReceiptsAct:统一仓库单据条例theUniformNegotiableInstrumentsAct:统一票据条例theUniformConditionalSalesAct:统一附条件销售条例theUniformTrustReceiptsAct:统一信托单据条例theUniformStockTransferAct:统一股票过户条例theBulkSalesAct:防止大宗销售条例theFactorsLienAct:代理商留置权条例thelawmerchant:商业习惯法第23页
Codify:编成法典Ifvalidlyenteredinto:如果是有效地签订的话第十五章税法Federalfiscalpowers:联邦财政权力Plenary:绝对的Directtaxes:直接税Capitationtaxes:人头税Customduties:关税Excitaxes:国内消费税Levy:征收Apportionment:按比例分配Stumblingblock:绊脚石Polltax:人头税Carriages:运输;运输费theCivilWarIncomeTaxAct:内战所得税条例Rehearing:复审thePopulistmovement:美国人民党运动Culminatedinacompromi:最终导致一项折中方案theCorporateExciTaxof1909:1909年的公司执照税Jointresolution:联合决议案theSecretaryofState:国务卿第24页
Proclamation:公告Inasmuchas:因为Theincome-producingproperty:创收财产Proscription:禁止Federallegacytax:联邦遗产税Franchitax:特许经营税Revocabletruststothettlor:对财产授予者的可撤销信托Unfetteredcontrol:不受约束的支配权Peaceofmind:心安理得Protectivetariffs:保护性关税Coloredoleomargarine:有色人造黄油Theprohibitionagainstlf-incrimination:禁止自我归罪theChildLaborTaxCa:1922年童工案thedormantcommerceclau:处于休眠状态的商务条款Substantialnexus:实质性联系Themoderncommerceclautest:商务条款的现代检验标准Thehurdleoftheequalprotectionclau:平等保护条款的障碍Palpablyarbitrary:明显武断的Discriminatorytaxes:歧视性税收Theprivilegesandimmunitiesclau:特权与豁免条款Deathtaxes:遗产税Advalorempropertytaxes:从价财产税第25页
Exclusivetaxsitus:唯一的征税地点Reciprocalexemptionstatutes:互免法律Domicile:住所地Testamentarytrust:遗嘱委托财产Comprisingthetrustcorpus:构成本金Beneficiaryofalifeestate:一份终生遗产的受益人Apropos:恰当的第十六章环境保护法DeclarationofNationalEnvironmentalPolicy:全国环境政策声明42.U.S.C.4331:《美国法典》第42章第4331条()Section552oftitle5,UnitedStatesCode:《美国法典》第五章第552条High-densityurbanization:高密度的人口城市化Productiveharmony:生产性和谐Nationalheritage:民族遗产Diversityandvarietyofindividualchoice:个人选择的多向性和多样性Life’samenities:生活乐趣theCouncilonEnvironmentalQuality环境质量委员会Theexistingagencyreviewprocess:现行的行政审议程序Prentstatutoryauthority:现行的权威性法律Existingauthorizations:现有的授权性文件第26页
Earlynotification:及早通报Solicitstheviews:征求意见Federallandmanagemententity:联邦土地管理实体Resource-orientedprojects:以资源为主向的工程项目Deficienciesorinconsistenciestherein:其中的缺陷或互相矛盾之处Refrainfrom:抑制Contingentupon:依...做...Implementation:实施theNationalperformanceReview:《全国行政工作评论》Itsterritoriesandposssions:其领地和属地theCommonwealthofPuertoRico:波多黎各自由邦theCommonwealthoftheMarianaIslands:马里亚纳群岛自由邦InteragencyWorkingGrouponEnvironmentJustice:跨机关环境公正工作组theAdministration’sdesignee:局长指定的人Convene:召集DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices:卫生和人类服务部MinistryofHousingandUrbanDevelopment:住房和城市发展部Departmentofdefen:国防部DepartmentofLabor:劳工部DepartmentofAgriculture:农业部DepartmentofTransportation:交通部第27页
DepartmentofJustice:司法部DepartmentoftheInterior:内政部DepartmentofEnergy:能源部OfficeofManagementandBudget:管理和预算局OfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy:科学和奇数政策局OfficeoftheDeputyAssistanttothePresidentforEnvironmentalPolicy:总统环境政策副助理办公室OfficeoftheAssistanttothePresidentforDomesticPolicy:总统国内政策助理办公室NationalEconomicCommission,全国经济委员会CouncilofEconomicAdvirs:经济顾问委员会Clearinghou:信息交换所EnvironmentalJusticeStrategy:环境公正战略Mandate:授权Independentagencies独立行政机关Petitionsforexemptions:豁免申请NativeAmericanProgram:土著美国人计划Federally-recognizedIndianTribes:联邦承认的印第安人部落...而无意也没有创立.../s/=sign:签名第十七章家庭法第28页
Rearing:抚养JusticeHarlan:哈伦大法官Overridingorcompellinginterest:压倒一切或令人信服的利益“strictscrutiny”:“严格审查”Welfarerecipients:领取社会福利金的人Bankruptcydischarge:破产债务解除Maritalstatusclassification:婚姻状况分类theSocialSecurityAct:社会保险条例SocialSecurityBenefits:社会保险补助金Secondarybenefits:次位补助金The“marriageterminationrule”:结婚终止规则Under-inclusive:包括不足的Publiccharge:受政府接济者Rigorousscrutiny:苛刻的检查Foreordained:预先注定的JusticePowellconcurred:鲍威尔大法官有条件地同意JusticeRehnquist:伦奎斯特大法官Incest:乱伦罪Bigamy:重婚罪Homoxuality:同性恋Arguably:可以论证地Demonstrably:可以表明地第29页
Theexactparameters:准确参数theBillofRights:《人权法案》Substantialmeasureofsanctuary:实际庇护措施Cohabitationwithone’srelatives:与亲属共同居住Attachmentandcommitments:依恋与承诺第十八章知识产权法Intangiblepersonalproperty:无形的人身财产权Subjectmatter:标的Patent:专利;专利权Monopolyright:专有权Copyright:著作权Databaright:数据权Performers’rights:表演权EUDirective:欧盟指令Trademarks:商标Goodwill:商誉Confidentialinformation:保密信息Negativeformofprotection:消极形式的保护Derogatorytreatmentofthework:对作品的诋毁性使用Freemovementofgoods:货物的自由流通Compulsorylicence:强制性许可第30页
Delegatedlegislation:授权立法Interlocutoryinjunction:临时强制令Specialistlawreports:专门的判例汇编theFleetStreetReports:《舰队街判例汇编》theEuropeanIntellectualPropertyReview:《欧洲知识产权评论》第十九章世贸组织规则DSU(UnderstandingonRulesandProceduresGoverningtheSettlementofDispute):纠纷解决程序与规则谅解书;谅解备忘录Member:成员国WTOagreement(theAgreementEstablishingtheWorldTradeOrganization):世贸组织议定书Prevail:优先适用DSB(theDisputeSettlementBody):争端解决机构Consultation:磋商Identifythespecificmeasureatissue:确定争议中的措施Termsofreference:提交裁定条款;受委托事项范围Relatingthereto:与之相关Compositionofpanels:专家组的组成Itspredecessoragreement:作为其前身的协定theSecretariat:秘书处Widespectrumofexperience:广泛多样的经历第31页
Indicativelist:指导性名单Roster:花名册;专门人员名单Compellingreason:强制性原因Director-General:总干事relevantCouncilorCommittee:有关的理事会或委员会Intheirindividualcapacities:以个人身份Subsistenceallowance:生活津贴第二十章民事诉讼程序Civilprocedure:民事诉讼程序Adversarysystem:抗辩制度Jurysystem:陪审制度FederalRulesofCivilProcedure:联邦民事诉讼规则Judiciallydevelopdoctrines:在审判活动中发展起来的原则Carefulorstrictruleinterpretation:谨慎或严格的规则解释Theadversarymodel:对抗式Thecontoursoftheartion:该诉讼的轮廓Pointsnotchallenged:未提出质疑的论点Injunctivereliefordamages:强制性救济或赔偿Restitutionaryrelief:复原性救济Ecclesiastical:宗教Dispenremedy:施行救济第32页
Islefttoacourinremedies:留给有关法律救济的课程Theascertainmentofrelevanttruth:相关真相的确认Triallawyer:诉讼律师;出庭律师Defyingallpreceptsofscientificfactfinding:无视科学事实认定的所有规则Umpire:仲裁人;裁判员Arbiter:仲裁人;公断人Instructions:指示;指示书Charge:指令Thesubstantiveprinciplesoflaw:法律的实体性原则Preponderantevidence:优势证据Benchtrial:法官审Discovery:证据交换Pretrialmotions:审前动议Thetrialdocketofthecourt:法院的审判日程表Continuances:诉讼延迟(较后者推迟的时间较短)Postponements:诉讼延期Appear:出庭Theorderofprentation:陈述顺序Openingstatement:开场白;开庭陈述Examine:(对证人的)询问(由本方律师问话)Cross-examine:(对证人的)交叉询问(由对方律师问话)第33页
Rebuttalevidence:反驳证据Closingargument:最后辩述Patterninstructions:格式指示书Retirestodeliberate:退庭评议Deadlocked:僵局的;陪审团无法做出裁定的Mistrial:误审;未决审判;无效审判Therelevanceofspecificevidence:具体证据的相关性Irrelevantevidence:无相关性证据Thetrieroffact:事实审定者;陪审团Sanctity:神圣不可侵犯性Riddledwithexceptions:充满了例外Prejudiced:有偏见的第二十一章刑事诉讼程序Prentitsbestca:提出最佳事实陈述(包括证据和论点)Inlightoftheopposingprentationsofthetwosides:根据双方对立的事实陈述Procutingattorney:检察官Predominated:占统治地位的Partisanadvocacy:偏向当事人一方的辩诉Inquisitorialsystem:纠问式诉讼制度Quilt:有罪第34页
Innocence:无罪Disinterestedinquiry:无利害关系者进行的调查Uninterruptednarrative:不间断的陈述Publicproceedings:公开的程序Legalsafeguard:法律保障措施Burdenofproof:证明责任Standardofproof:证明标准Substantialevidence:实体证据;由实质价值的证据Proofbeyondareasonabledoubt:超出合理怀疑的证明Dignityoftheindividual:个人尊严Accusatorialsystem:控告式诉讼制度Accusatorialprocessofproof:控告证明程序Charginginstrument:指控文件Complaint:告发书Indictment:起诉书Information:控告书Assumption:假定Burdenofpersuasion:说服责任Theburdenofgoingforwardwiththeevidence:先行举证责任Burdenofproducingevidence:举证责任Positiveshowing:正面证明Entrapped:落入警察陷阱的第35页
Presumptionofinnocence:无罪推定Evidentiarypresumption:证据推定(即,根据一项事实的存在便可以推导出另一事实存在的推定;一般来说,如对方提不出相反证据,此推定的事实便告成立)Factualinference:事实推论Obviousproposition:明确的主张Ariesofprogressivelyhigherstandardsofproof:一系列逐步提高的证明标准Reasonablebasis:合理根据Temporaryrestraint:临时约束(限制人身自由)Probablecau:可能性理由Preponderanceofevidence:优势证据Primafacieca:有明显证明的案子Preliminaryhearingbindover:预审具结(即,由主持预审听证的法官要求被指控者具结保证出庭受审或不再犯罪的一种司法行为)第二十二章证据规则Beitenactedby:倘若它经过...颁布施行(倒装句,表示条件)Pending:未决的Excepttotheextent:除非Purpo:宗旨Construction:解释第36页
Eliminationofunjustifiableexpenanddelay:消除不正当的花费和拖延Rulingonevidence:证据的裁定Effectoferroneousruling:错误裁定的效力Errormaynotbepredicateduponaruling:一项...的裁定不可断言有误Substantialright:实体权利Atimelyobjectionormotiontostrikeappealsofrecord:一项及时的异议或勾销动议在法庭记录中载明Offerofproof:主动提供证明Anofferinquestionandanswerform:以问答方式提供证明Hearingofjury:陪审团听审Inadmissibleevidence:不可采纳的证据Exceptasotherwiprovideby:除...另有规定者外Probativevalue:证明价值Cumulativeevidence:重复证据Opinionsandexperttestimony:意见证言和专家证言Laywitness:普通证人Factinissue:争议事实Authenticationandidentification:鉴识与认定Whatitsproponentclaims:其提议者所主张的Illustrations:举例说明Testimonyofwitnesswithknowledge:知情证人的证言第37页
Thegenuinenessofhandwriting:笔迹的真实性Specimen:样本Voiceidentification:声音认定Datacompilation:资料汇编Authenticity:真实性Statutoryauthority:制定法法律依据第38页
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