教授经典 感化心灵

更新时间:2023-12-26 13:40:27 阅读: 评论:0

2023年12月26日发(作者:试着忘记)

教授经典 感化心灵

教育纵横 Teach the Books I Touch the Heart 教授经典 感化心灵 Bv Claire Neede ̄Hollander 隐 屏/编译 ranz Kafka wrote that“a book must be the ax for the frozen sea inside US”.I once shared 弗 破开朗茨.人们心卡夫卡灵坚冰的说过,“书一把要成为利 this quotation with a class of seventh graders,and 斧”。我曾把此语讲给七年级一个班的 it didn’t seem to require any explanation. 学生听,其含义无庸赘言。 we’d just finished John Steinbeck’s of 我们刚读完约翰・斯坦贝克的《鼠 ce帆d Men.When we read the end together out 与人》。课堂上我们一起朗读小说结尾 loud in class,my toughest boy,a star basketball 时,班上最壮的男生、一位篮球明星, player,wept a little,and SO did I.“Are 竞抽泣起来,我也哽咽 you crying?”one girl asked,as she 了。“您哭了吗?”一个 crept out of her chair to get a closer 女生从椅子上起来瞅着 look.“I am.”I told her。“and the funny 我问。我说。“是的,奇怪 thing is I’ve read it many times.’’ 的是这段话我已读过很 But they understood.When George 多遍了。” shoots Lennie,the tragedy is that we 但他们都能理解。 realize it was always going to happen.In 读到乔治杀死列尼,让 my 14 years of teaching in a New York 人感到可悲的是这种悲 City public middle school,I’ve taught 剧一直还在上演。在纽 kids with incarcerated parents. abusive 约一所市立中学十四年的教书生涯中,我 parents,neglectful parents;kids who are 教过各种各样的孩子:父母对其或管束太 parents themselves;kids who are homeless or 死或动辄打骂或放任自流;有的孩子自身 who live in crowded apartments in violent 已为人父母;还有无家可归的或住在拥挤 neighborhoods;kids who grew up in developing 不堪、充斥着暴力的环境中的;另外有些是 countries.They understand,more than I ever 在发展中国家长大。他们对小说揭示的“美 will,the novel’S terrible logic—the giving 好向往终不敌无情宿命”的残酷逻辑比我 way of dreams to fate. 有更深刻的理解。 For the last seven years.I have worked 在过去七年中,我一直教拓展阅读课, ’_。 一 ‘。 一 ‘一 。_一一 … 一。 一 ~ 一一 。一一‘ 一 一一 。。 ~、、 , Notes:1.Franz Kafka弗朗茨.卡夫卡, 二十世纪美国作家。 ‘ .二十世纪奥地利小说家。 3.inearccrated钳闭的。 2.John Steinbeck约翰.斯坦贝克, 4.abusiVe虐待的,恶言谩骂的O 、、-‘一一 一一‘_一一●-‘-一 -一 一_。。_一一 ‘一,一h 一一 。 一 。一一一 。一 _‘‘一一 -一一 ⑥⑨00@⑨@匡闶 06s晌45 

.i.教育纵横+ as a reading enrichment5 teacher,reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight.I originally proposed this idea to my principal after learning that a former stellar6 student of mine had transferred out of a selective hi【gh school i one that often attracts the literary-minded offspring of Manhattan’S elite——into a less competitive setting.The daughter of immigrants,with a father in jail, she 与六到八年级学生一起品味文学经典。我 perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new 最初向校长提出这一想法.是因为得知自 classmates.I thought additional“cultural capitl’a could help students like her fare better in high 己先前一个挺不错的学生竟从这百里挑 一的中学(饱读诗书的曼哈顿精英子女汇 school,where they would inevitably encounter, 聚之地)转学去了一所名气较差的学校。 perhaps for the first time,peers who came from 她是移民后代,父亲在服刑,与新同学在 homes lined with bookshelves. 一起时她或许感到不自在。我觉得增加 Along with of Mice and Men,my groups “文化资本”会利于像她一样的学生更顺 read many other books.The students didn’t 利度过中学时光.因为在这里他们不可避 always read from the expected perspective. 免要遇到(或许平生第一次)出身书香之 Sometimes their interpretations were playful,but 家的同学。 serious.Year after year,ex-students visited and 除了《鼠与人》,我们各小组还阅读了 told me how prepared they had felt in their 许多其他书籍。学生并不总是从我所期待 freshman year as a result of the classes. 的角度进行阅读.有时他们的解释很搞 And yet I do not know how to measure 笑,但也不失严肃。年复一年,先前的学 those results.As student test scores have become the dominant means of evaluating schools,I have been asked to calculate my reading 生来看我时常对我讲。由于这些阅读课, 他们进大学的第一年心里感觉特别踏实。 但我还是不知道该怎样评价这些成 enrichment program’S impact on those scores.I 果。随着学生的考试成绩成为衡量教育的 found that my students’test scores did not 主要标准,我也被要求评估阅读拓展课对 reliably indicate that reading classic literature 考分的影响。而我发现学生的考分并不能 added value. Until recently,given the students’enthusiasm _,直观体现阅读文学经典所起的积极作用。 直到最近,鉴于学生对阅读小组的热 一—’…。 一一~ 一。… …… 一’一’~~ __~…一一 ’一一……一’…… 一…一’一 ,、  ’5,enriehment丰富,强化。 7. re生活,进展|o 、 、 6.stellar呗壁鹋。铣秀啦 , 46 @⑥叩@ @喹响 06 响 

+教育纵横.1◆ for the reading groups,1 was able to play down that data. 情。我才开始不那么着重此类数 But last year,for the first time since I can remember,our 据。但在去年,我们与本市同等 test scores declined in relation to comparable schools in 学校相比考试成绩下滑(这是我 the city.Because I play a leadership role in the English 记忆中的第一次)。因为我是英 department,I felt increased pressure to bring this year’S 语学科的负责人.所以感到压力 scores up.All the teachers are increasing their number of 猛增.要将今年的分数提上去。 test—preparation sessions and practice tests,SO I have 各位老师都增加了应试课学时 done the same,cutting two of my three classic book 和模拟考次数,我也一样,三个 groups and replacing them with a test-prepayation tutorial 经典阅读小组一下砍掉两个,代 program.Since beginning this new program in September, 之以应试指导。从九月份开课至 I have answered over 600 multiple—choice questions.In 今我已解答600多道多项选择 doing SO,I encountered exactly one piece of literature: 题,其中遇到的文学篇章只有一 Frost’S R0nfi Nnt Tnken. 处:弗罗斯特的《未走的路》。 We are trying to teach students to read increasingly 我们拼命教学生阅读越来 complex texts,but they are complex only on the sentence 越复杂的文章,但这些文章只 level——not because the ideas they present are complex, 是句子复杂.而不是思想深刻、 not because they aYe symbolic.allusive or ambiguous加. 富于象征和引喻或晦涩朦胧。 These are literary qualities,and they aYe more or less 后者是文学的特质,在考题中基 absent from testing materials. 本见不到。 If literature has no place in these tests,and if 如果文学在考试中没有一 preparation for the tests becomes the sole goal of 席之地,如果应试成为教育的唯 education,then the reading of literature will go out of 一目的。那文学阅读在校园中将 fashion in our schools.We should abandon altogether the 失去魅力。考试中我们应彻底放 multiple—choice tests,which are in vogue“not because 弃多项选择题,因为其盛行并不 they are an effective tool for judging teachers or students 在于它是评判教学的最有效工 but because they are an efifcient means of producing 具,而在于它是产出数据的最便 data.We cannot enrich the minds of our students by 利方法。用毫不关乎心灵的文章 testing them on texts that purposely ignore their hearts. 来测试学生.难以丰富他们的内 We may succeed in raising test scores by relying on these 心世界。我们靠这种方法或许能 methods,but we will fail to teach them that reading can 提高考试成绩,却无法让学生体 be transofrmative挖and that it belongs to them. 会到阅读的感化力量、体会到阅 From http://www.nytimes.corrd2012/04/22 读是源于内心的呼唤。 园 8.play aown对・…・・不重视,贬低。 l1.in Vogue正在流行。 9.allusi)e暗指的,隐喻的。 l 2.tr ̄sformative起改造作用的。 10:arabis ̄ou8含糊的,可做多种解释的 ’ _一。 ‘一^一__-一 一一_ 一H●。--●H● __-_一‘ @⑥00@ @匿响 06 响47 

教授经典 感化心灵

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