2019-2020学年上海市长宁金山区高考英语一模试题 Word版及参考答案

2023年12月24日发(作者：好好活著)

Ⅱ. Grammar

and

Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage

coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each

blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, u one word

that best fits each blank.

A

Grateful

Patient

I took a job as a receptionist for a vet（兽医）almost five decades ago.

As an enthusiastic animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition (21)

U wouldn’t have to assist with any wounded animals. I

(watch) any creature in pain. didn’t have the courage (22)

At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day (23)

a young man ran up

to us holding a verely injured Doberman puppy（杜宾幼犬）in his arms and begging

us to save his life. The four-month- old puppy had been hit by a car.

The doctor and I ran back into the operating room. The only place (24)

the skin was still

attached to his poor little body was around one shoulder. The vet worked

tirelessly for what emed like hours, (25)

(w) him back together again. That was the easy part. The puppy had broken

multiple bones, including his back.

(26)

walk again.

he survived the next few days, we were quite sure he would never

The day forever changed my life. I became the vet’s assistant in all

things medical. One of my first jobs was to give that Doberman puppy daily

physical therapy. Weeks went by until one day he finally recovered.

Fast - forward about a year. I walked into the clinic’s (27) (crowed)

waiting room and called the name of the next client. Suddenly, a huge Doberman

ran toward me. I found (28) pinned against the wall

with this magnificent dog standing on his back legs, his front paws（爪子）on my

shoulders, washing my face with

plentiful and joyful kiss!

I still tear up in amazement (29) the display of love and gratitude the

dog had for me that day all tho years ago. I went on to be a vet technician

for 14 years, and since retirement, I have volunteered at a no-kill animal

shelter. In all the time that has pasd and all the experiences I have had,

I’ve never met a dog who didn’t know that it (30) (rescue) in one way or

another.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chon from the box. Each word

can be ud only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

D. E. distract

conveniently

J. reluctantly

F. executive G. manageable

H. memorable

I. publicizing

A.

achievement

B.

captured

C.

championed

Marketing the

Moon

An astronaut, a little hop and a witty quote: Neil Armstrong’s first lunar（月球的）footstep is deep-rooted in the minds of all humankind. But that first

moon landing might not have been such a(n) 31 moment if it weren’t for NASA’s

clever PR (Public Relations) team.

Richard Jurek is a marketing 32 and co-author of the book marketing the

Moon: The Selling of the Apollo Lunar Program. He says NASA’s move to real-time, open communication made the 1969 Apollo 11 landing “the first positive

viral event that 33 the world’s attention.”

Before NASA was established in 1958, rockets were the military’s

territory; that cretiveness carried over into the space agency’s early days.

At first, NASA followed a “fire in the tail” rule, only 34 a rocket’s

launch when it was successfully in the air. But as the agency evolved, it started

announcing more details about the Apollo program. It 35 its

astronauts, talked openly about mission goals and challenges, and shared launch

times so people could watch. “If it had been run like it was under the

military,” Jurek says, “we would not have had that n of drama, that n

of involvement, that n of wonder, that 36 .” Instead, all the PR and

press promotion in the years ahead of Apollo 11 brought the human spaceflight

program into people’s living rooms and imaginations.

As the drama neared its peak, NASA’s PR officials pushed for live TV

broadcasts of the first humans to walk on the moon. Not everyone thought it was a

good idea. The technology for live lunar broadcasts, and cameras small enough to

keep the cargo 37 , didn’t exist at the point. Some engineers worried that

developing that equipment would 38 from efforts to achieve the landing itlf.

But NASA’s communications team argued that telling the story was as vital as the

39 itlf. Live TV would bring the American people -- and international

viewers -- along for the ride.

Come landing day, which 40 fell on a Sunday, more than half a billion

people worldwide crowded around TVs and radios for the historic moment. “We were

able to come together and do something that was exciting and interesting and

brought the world together,” says David Meerman Scott, marketing strategist and

co-author of Marketing the Moon. “I don’t know that we’ve done anything like

that since.”

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or

phras marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phra that

best fits the context.

Ancient creatures likely evolved the stress respon to better escape from

hunters. But today its caus include traffic, deadlines and first dates.

According to a 2018 American Psychological Association survey of more than 3,000

people, the top 41 are work, money, the economy and health.

Although everyone faces stress, people react to it 42 . “There’s the

situation, how we 43 the situation, and then our skills at handling the

situation,” says psychologist William Lovallo of the University of Oklahoma.

44 experiences help us asss appropriate respons, so most people improve

with age. “A high school student or a college student might not have tho

45 skills and might let a situation get out of hand,” he adds.

Most 46 have normal stress respons, regulated to give the right

burst of hormones（激素）and bodily

changes for a particular stressor. But others always over-or under-react, which

may be a warning sign for physical or mental 47 . To study this, scientists

often monitor cortisol（皮质醇）or heart rate variations throughout the day and

during trying tasks.

48 , the intensity of the respons ems to be t from a young

age. Studies have shown that people who experienced childhood hardships --

including physical punishment and a(n) 49 home -- are more likely to

have quiet stress reactions as adults. For example, as part of a study published

in 2012, Lovallo expod 354 participants to moderate stress. People who lf-reported early-life 50 actually had lower heart rates and cortisol levels

than other participants. While the study tasks were not important, the

individuals’ under-reactions suggest their stress respon may also have trouble

51 when it really matters. It can be just as 52 as an extreme respon.

Other rearch has found links between childhood conflict, abnormally low adult

stress and substance misu. Though the biology is not fully understood, it’s

suggested that early - life neglect or suffering

53 the body’s stress pathways.

Even before birth, a child can 54 parental stress. The phenomenon is well

- demonstrated in rats and mice, and some papers have shown the same association

55 . For example, babies born to mothers who survived the 9/11 attacks all

had how cortisol levels.

41. A. stressors

42. A. appropriately

43. A. improve

B. respons

B. differently

B. influence

C. cretes

C. normally

C. describe

D. concerns

D. mentally

D. evaluate

44. A. Valuable

45. A. coping

46. A. adults

47. A. functions

48. A. By the way

49. A. independent

50. A. education

51. A. racing up

52. A. impressive

53. A. smooths

54. A. endure

55. A. between

B. Professional

B. living

B. rearchers

B. disorders

B. In some cas

B. distinguished

B. experience

B. showing up

B. insignificant

B. follows

B. relieve

B. in humans

C. Previous

C. learning

C. students

C. variations

C. On the

contrary

C. unstable

C. involvement

C. taking up

C. positive

C. dulls

C. increa

C. with society

D. Constant

D. acting

D. monitors

D. abilities

D. As a result

D. extended

D. difficulty

D. keeping up

D. unhealthy

D. destroys

D. inherit

D. of

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by veral

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices

marked A, B, C and D. Choo the one that fits best according to the information

given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

I live in a cond - floor flat with an ancient tree right on the corner of

the hou. Hou and tree have been here, side by side, for well over a century.

No one really knows how old the tree is, but it was already there when builders

started on the hou at the beginning of the 1900s.

It was still rather young and flexible back then, so it easily welcomed the

new structure into its path. it bent and adjusted itlf to make room, and to

find the space to grow big and strong and wi. Which means that some hundred

years later, the solid, strong branches of the tree reach around two full sides

of my home. It’s covered in

mass（苔藓）, which is, in turn, crawling with all sorts of inets. I have never

en the incts, by the way, I just

know that they’re there becau of all the birds trying to pick them out. They

are always hopping around, looking for this and that and singing songs.

I feel like I have become part of the ecosystem. When I’m eating breakfast

or making dinner in the kitchen, I can look out and e a bird hopping around

skillfully, gathering its own meal while I tend to mine. When I’m sitting

in the living room, reading or drinking tea, I can suddenly find mylf face to

face with another bird. We’ll be staring

at each other and, after some time, decide we can both carry on with our business.

Living side by side. Even as I write this -- the large windows open to a lovely,

soft evening -- a white feather comes floating down by my side. Probably from one

of the resident pigeons.

As I don’t have the luxury of a garden, this tree makes me fell connected

to the outdoors. Such an ancient tree, a tree that is itlf home to many other

creatures -- that feels different. It is as if it has adopted me and made me a

part of its world, without ever asking for something in return. But if needs be,

I know that it can count on me and I will protect it with all my strength.

56. The flat that author lives in is .

A. built in an ancient tree

B. hugged by a giant tree

C. decorated with branches D. surrounded by a garden

57. In the author’s description, she implies that

.

A. birds keep her warm company B. she has been living on tree products

C. moss makes her flat nice and cool D. she has been bothered by the incts

58. What does the author really treasure?

A. A clo - to - nature life. B. A luxurious garden.

C. A spacious hou.

D. A sociable neighbor.

59. Which of the following can be ud to express the author’s feeling?

A. Jealous. B. Inferior. C. Content. D. Passionate.

(B)

The Sleep of Your

Dreams

According to the Centers for Dia Control and Prevention, a third of us

don’t get nearly enough shut-eye. Our collective tiredness has promoted a $41

billion market for devices promising more -- and higher - quality -- sleep. In

my everlasting arch for downtime, I tested some of the

Eight sleep Dream-pad pillow

tracker

$149 and up

$299

The Dream-pad usThis mattress（床垫）topper fits

smooth soundscapes to

under a sheet and “turns any bed

according to Eight. While I slept, the the device to your phone via Bluetooth

nsor - decorated pad gathered data or USB, and the pillow emits soft

like heart rate, periods of deepest music, audible only to you as you lay

sleep, and number of turns. It was your head down. There are ten tracks

easy to u, and I liked the warming on offer. I didn’t drift off any

feature, which let me t each side of faster with the Dream-pad, but it did

Smart Nora Wireless Snoring

Solution

Nightingale Smart Home Sleep

System

$149

$299

My eight-hour restful happiness The Nightingale is hi - tech.

is frequently interrupted by my Two app - enabled units wrap the room

husband’s snoring. The Smart Nora in a blanket of warm sound. You can

relieves me of the need to push him. also program the system to provide

When the bedside audio nsor detects weather and traffic information when

a breathing disturbance, it slowly you wake up. The only downside: in

blows up the offender’s pillow, standby mode, it emits a faint noi.

gently shifting them into a freer -

REM Score: 9

* REM: rapid eye movement (describes a period of sleep during which you dream

and your eyes

make small movements)

60. By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they _

.”

A. make n to manufacturers

B. get stuck in stores

C. are compared with each other

D. are piled up together.

61. Which of the following devices favourably reacts to urs?

A. Dream-pad pillow B. Eight sleep tracker

C. Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D. Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System

62. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

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A. The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.

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B. The Nightingale is an economical but perfect device.

C. Soft music is applied to all the four devices.

D. One in three people suffer from sleep problem.

(C)

An epidemic is the occurrence of a dia which affects a very large

number of people living in an area and which spreads quickly to other people. Like

infectious dias, ideas in the academic world are spreadable. But way some

travel far and wide while equally good ones remain in relative insignificance has

been a mystery. Now a team of computer scientists has ud an epidemiological

model to imitate how ideas move from one academic institution to another. The

model showed that ideas originating at famous institutions caud bigger

“epidemics” than equally good ideas from less well-known places, explains

Allison Morgan, a computer scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder and

lead author of the new study. “This implies that where an idea is born shapes how

far it spreads, holding the quality of the idea constant.” says nior author

Aaron Claut, also at Boulder.

Not only is this unfair -- “it reveals a big weakness in how we’re doing

science,” says Simon DeDeo, a professor of social and decision sciences at

Carnegie Mellon University, who was not involved in the study. There are many

highly trained people with good ideas who do not end up at top institutions.

“They are producing good ideas, and we know tho ideas are getting lost,”

DeDeo says. “Our science, our scholarship, is not as good becau of this.”

The Colorado rearchers analyzed an existing data t of computer science

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department hires in North America, as well as a databa of publications by the

hires. First they looked at how five big ideas in computer science spread to new

institutions. They found that hiring a new member accounted for this movement a

little more than a third of the time -- and in 81 percent of tho cas, transfers

took place from higher- to lower-status universities. Then the team imitated the

broadcasting of ideas using an infectious dia model and found that the size

of an idea “epidemic” (as measured by the number of institutions that published

studies on an idea after it originated) depended on the status of the originating

institution. The findings were published online last October in EPJ Data Science.

The rearchers’ model suggests that there “may be a number of quite good

ideas that originate in the middle of the pack, in terms of universities,”

Claut says. DeDeo agrees. There is a lot of good work coming out of less famous

places, he says: “You can learn a huge amount from it, and you can learn things

that other people don’t know becau they’re not even paying attention.”

63. The word “this” in paragraph 2 refers to the fact that .

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A. the time when good ideas were born decides how far they may spread

B. the quality of the original ideas tends to be not easy to maintain

C. good ideas from less important institutions lack influence

D. scholars in insignificant institutions consider their ideas valueless

64. The ca of some hires in paragraph 3 is ud to indicate

.

A. the statistics the epidemological model provides for the rearchers

B. why the originating institutions transfer their new findings

C. how they carry the ideas from lower - to higher - status institutions

D. the way the movements of some new ideas happen and their effects

65. Rearchers such as Claut are very much concerned about

.

A. losing quite a number of great and creative thoughts

B. missing the opportunities of getting more well-known

C. misusing the epidemiological model in scientific rearch areas

D. having difficulty in finding more proper science department hires

66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Infectious Dias

Model

B. Original Ideas C. Idea Epidemic D. Epidemiological

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper

ntence given in the box. Each ntence can be ud only once. Note that there

A. So we try to push back the tide and keep up by multi - tasking.

are two more ntences than you need.

B. No wonder people say they’re too busy to e friends, exerci or sleep.

C. Would it surpri you to hear that we have more leisure time today than ever?

D. How can we learn to spend time in a way that’s more likely to lead to happiness and success?

E. It’s something that economist have been puzzling over and they’ve identified veral reasons.

F. Then you will have fewer empty experiences and far ore that are worthy of your precious time.

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The Fullness

of Time

Most of us think we have very little time, but the truth is we actually have

a lot - on average, five hours 49 minutes each day, which means we typically have

somewhere between 36 and 40 hours available to be spent every

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week however we want. So why don’t we feel time - rich? 67

One is that we earn more, so time feels more expensive. Then there’s the

way we’ve come to e busyness as a status symbol: important people are busy, so

we want to be busy, too. Add to that the flood of incoming emails and texts,

along with the endless ocean of possibilities, and it’s easy to e where time

goes.

A cond factor is the comparison we make between what we can do and what

others are doing, making us anxious. 68 This fools us into thinking

we’re being more productive with our work time, so we try to do it with our

leisure time, too. When we’re playing with out kids, we check Facebook. When

we’re hanging out with one group of friends, we post pictures to show another.

This is something sociologists call ‘polluted time’.

We’re also addicted to our devices. In 2007, the amount of leisure time we

spent on devices like smart- phones could be measured in minutes. Now, we spend

on average 3.5 hours a day online. 69

You might be wondering why you need help deciding how to spend your free

time -- after all you know the sort of things you enjoy, so what could be so

difficult? Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has a surprising opinion on it.

“The popular assumption is that no skills are involved in enjoying free time,

anybody can do it. Yet the evidence suggests the opposite; free time is more

difficult to enjoy than work.” Worryingly, scientists have found that people are

often no happier after a holiday than if they’d never taken one. 70

The question still remains unttled.

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Ⅳ.Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main

point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. U your own words as far as

possible.

Cryptocurrency（加密货币）

Making payments online is very easy the days if you have a credit card or

a bank card that ud a payment network. Sending money online to a friend, you

have to u a payment rvice like Google Pay or PayPal, or make a bank transfer.

However, there is usually a significant delay before the receiver can u the

money, and transfers can have sizeable fees.

In 2008, a group of people published a paper describing a process that would

u crypto-graph（密码学）

to create a cure electronic cash system, known as a cryptocurrency. Person -

to - person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers

instead of a bank or other financial organization. Each transaction could happen

very quickly. The shared network of computers would also rve as the means to

confirm tho transactions safely. Getting rid of the need for a centralized

banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the

digital economy.

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Today, there are over a thousand different cryptocurrencies. Most are still

trying to be valid global payment systems like Bitcoin. They are held back by

problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry. One issue is weak curity

on cryptocurrency websites where urs either store their electronic cash. The

websites are struggling to protect their urs from such thefts.

Another problem is the large number of fal cryptocurrencies advertid on

the Internet. The advertiments invite Internet urs to visit websites

offering new cryptocurrencies. Many visitors are persuaded to buy their

cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along with

the victims’ money. In respon to this problem, companies like Facebook and

Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites.

Ⅴ. Translation

Directions: Translate the following ntences into English, using the words given

in the brackets.

72. 我真的应该为自己失礼的行为向你道歉。(owe)

73. 我表哥每天步行一小时去单位，不为省钱，为了保持健康。(but)

74. 医生建议不要口渴了才喝水，而且要多喝白开水，而不是果汁或可口可乐。(before)

75. 这家网站常年以爆料名人的隐私来满足大家的好奇心，真令人不齿！(It)

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the

instructions given below in Chine.

假如你是李华，今年暑假在一家老年医疗中心当了一个星期的志愿者。请给你的朋友王平写一封信， 与其分享本次经历。你的信必须包括：

 你的所见所闻

10 / 10

 你的感悟

（信的开头已经为你写好）

10 / 10