21世纪大学英语第四册课文背诵部分中英翻译对照整理

2023年12月24日发(作者：秋季煲汤)

Unit 1

A "never surrender" attitude. If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an

unrelenting drive to succeed. "There's a tendency to think that they are endowed with

something super-normal," he explained. "But what comes out of the rearch is that

there are great people who have no amazing intellectual process. It's a difference in

degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion."

He cited Winston Churchill, Britain's prime minister during World War II, as an

example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into office when his country's

morale was at its lowest, Churchill ro brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech

following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said,

"We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to We shall never surrender."

西蒙顿说如果成就巨大者具有什么共性的话那就是一种坚持不懈地追求成功的动力。“往往有人认为他们具备一些超常非凡的东西”他解释道。“但研究表明有些伟人并没有惊人的智力有的只是程度上的差异而已。伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。” 他举了二战时期的英国首相温斯顿丘吉尔作为永不放弃敢于冒险的典范。丘吉尔在全国士气最为低落的时候被推上了台并出色地领导了英国人民。在1940年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中他的话激励了全国人民“我们决不会退缩、永不失败。我们一定要坚持到底......我们永远不会屈服。”

Unit 2

Some persons refrain from expressing their gratitude becau they feel it will not

be welcome. A patient of mine, a few weeks after his discharge from the hospital,

came back to thank his nur. "I didn't come back sooner," he explained, "becau I

imagined you must be bored to death with people thanking you."

"On the contrary," she replied, "I am delighted you came. Few realize how much

we need encouragement and how much we are helped by tho who give it."

Gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much. For on the smiles,

the thanks we give, our little gestures of appreciation, our neighbors build up their

philosophy of life.

有些人不愿表达感激之情因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。我的一个病人在出院的后几个星期回到医院感谢他的护士。“我没有早点回来”他解释说“因为我猜想你们对别人的感激一定厌烦得要命。” 外国语10英语2班 刘 第 2 页 共 6 页 “正好相反”她回答说“我很高兴你来。很少有人明白我们多么需要鼓励我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了多大的帮助。” 我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。因为我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑正是我们所表示的感谢以及表示感激的小小的举动。

Unit 3

The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight it. The saying, "When the going

gets tough, the tough get going," is typical of this aggressive attitude toward

problem-solving. No matter what the problem is, or the techniques available for solving

it, the framework produced by our Western way of thinking is fight. Dr. de Bono calls

this vertical thinking; the traditional, quential, Aristotelian thinking of logic, moving

firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks being built one on top of the other. The

flaw is, of cour, that if at any point one of the steps is not reached, or one of the toy

blocks is incorrectly placed, then the whole structure collaps. Impas is reached,

and frustration, tension, feelings of fight take over.

Lateral thinking, Dr. de Bono says, is a new technique of thinking about things—a

technique that avoids this fight altogether, and solves the problem in an entirely

unexpected fashion.

Lateral thinking sounds simple. And it is. Once you have solved a problem laterally, you

wonder how you could ever have been hung up on it. The key is making that vital shift in

emphasis, that sidestepping of the problem, instead of attacking it head-on.

一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。“事情越困难硬汉子就越向前”这句话便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。不管是什么问题或者可以用来解决问题的方法是什么我们西方人的思维方式产生的基本思路总是搏斗。德博诺博士称之为纵向思维即传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维坚定地从一步移到下一步就象玩具积木一块搭在另一块上。当然它们的缺陷是如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到

或者一块积木没有放对那么整个结构就会坍塌。事情就会陷入僵局沮丧、紧张、和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。 横向思维德博诺博士说是对事物进行思考的一种新方法------一种完全避免这种拼搏用完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。 在歇洛克福尔摩斯的一个探案中他的助手华生医生指出有条狗对案子并不重要因为这条狗看来一无所为。歇洛克福尔摩斯持相反的观点他坚持认为这条狗一无所为这一事实至关重要因为它应该有所为正是在这个基础上他侦破了这个案子。 横向思维听上去很简单。它也的确很简单。一旦你横向地解决了一个问题你就会奇怪你以前怎么竟会为它心神不宁。关键是作出那个重要的重点转移横跨一步避开问题而不是正面去解决它。 在纽约私人开业的哥伦比亚大学的精神病学家AA布里杰博士阐述了横向思维对他的病人们如何有用。“比方说很多想戒烟的人来找我”他说。“大多数人在他们试图戒烟时都失败了因为他们最后总对自己说‘不我决不吸烟了不我不该吸烟了不我决不吸了不我不能 ...’这是一场搏斗结果是你吸得更多。” “所以我不再让他们用这种老的否定方式来看待这一问题并与之搏斗而是向他们展示了一个全新的视角------你是你身体的看护人你是通过你的身体来体验生活的。如果你认真思考一下你就会发现你的身体的确有一些无能为力的东西。它丝毫不能自理。它没有选择就象一个婴儿的身体。于是你就开始用全新的方式来看待它------‘现在我将通过戒烟来照顾自己给自己一些尊重和保护。’”

Unit 4

When a student's work did not measure up to the teacher's expectations, as often

happened, the student was not treated with disappointment, anger, or annoyance.

Instead, the teacher assumed that this was an exception, an accident, a bad day, a

momentary slip — and the student believed her and felt reassured. The next time

around, he tried harder, determined to live up to what the teacher knew he could do.

The exact part of communication that tells a child, "I expect the best," is difficult to

pinpoint. In part it consists of a level tone showing assurance, a lack of verbal

impatience, an abnce of negative qualities such as irony, put-downs, and irritation.

The teacher who expects the best asks her questions with conviction, knowing the

answers she gets will be right, and the child picks up that conviction.

当一个学生的功课达不到老师的期望时正如经常发生的那样这个学生得到的不是失望、生气或恼怒的对待。相反老师认为这是一个例外一次意外事件倒霉的一天一次暂时性的失误而学生相信了她并消除了疑虑。下一次功课他更加努力了决心做到老师知道他能做到的事。 很难精确地找出老师传达的信息中到底是哪一部分告诉了孩子“我期待着最好的成绩。”它的部分成分包括显示着信心的平和声调没有言语上的不耐烦没有讽刺、奚落和恼怒等消极因素。期待着最好成绩的老师满怀信心地提出问题她知道她将得到的答案将是正确的而孩子也感受到了那种信心。

Unit 5

I have often reflected upon the new vistas that reading opened to me. I knew right there

in prison that reading had changed forever the cour of my life. As I e it today, the

ability to read awoke inside me some long dormant craving to be mentally alive. I

certainly wasn't eking any degree, the way a college confers a status symbol upon its

students. My homemade education gave me, with every additional book that I read, a

little bit more nsitivity to the deafness, dumbness, and blindness that was afflicting

the black race in America. Not long ago, an English writer telephoned me from London,

asking questions. One was, "What's your alma mater?" I told him, "Books." You will

never catch me with a free fifteen minutes in which I'm not studying something I feel

might be able to help the

我经常思考阅读为我打开了的新远景我当时在狱中就知道阅读已永远改变了我的人生历程。正如今天我明白阅读能力唤醒了在我内心潜伏已久的对于活跃思想得渴望。我当然不是在追求任何学位因为学位只是大学附于学生一种地位象征的方式。我通过自学所受到的教育使我每读到一本新书就更加意识到正在折磨美国黑人的聋、哑、盲。不久前一位英国作家从伦敦打来电话问了我几个问题其中之一是“你的母校是哪”我告诉他“是书。”在任何一个空闲的15分钟里你都会发现我在学习一些我觉得可能有助于黑人的东西。

Unit 6

EQ is not the opposite of IQ. Some people are blesd with a lot of both, some with little

of either. What rearchers have been trying to understand is how they complement

each other; how one's ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to

concentrate and put intelligence to u. Among the ingredients for success,

rearchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on

everything from class to luck to the neural pathways that have developed in the brain

over millions of years of human evolution.

情商不是智商的对立面。一些人有幸两者都拥有很多一些人则每一样都拥有很少。研究者们一直试图理解的是它们如何互补比如一个人对付压力的能力如何影响其集中思想和发挥才智的能力。研究者们大多同意在成功的要素中智商约占20其余则取决于多种因素从所属的阶级到运气到在人类进化的几百万年中已在大脑中形成的神经通道。

Unit 7

As a child, I identified so strongly with my mother that I thought my father was just a

long-term hou guest with spanking privileges. She and I are bookish, introverted

worriers. My father is an optimist who has never had a sleepless night in his life.

Like most fathers and sons, we fought. But there was no cooling-off period between

rounds. It was a cold war lasting from the ont of my adolescence until I went off to

college in 1973.I hated him. He was a former navy fighter pilot, with an Irish temper and

a belief that all the problems of the world—including an overprotected son who never

saw anything through to completion—could be cured by the application of more

discipline.

小时侯我和母亲特别亲而认为父亲只是一个长期住在我家并享有打孩子屁股特权的客人。母亲和我爱读书性格内向多愁善感。父亲则很乐观一生中从来没有睡不着觉的时候。 像大多数父子一样我们常斗气。但在各个回合之间却没有休战期。这是一场冷战从我的青春期开始一直持续到1973年我离家去上大学。我恨他。他以前是一名海军战斗机驾驶员脾气火暴他坚信世界上所有的问题----包括宠爱有加、做事一向虎头蛇尾的儿子----都能通过严隶法纪来解决。

Unit 8

Now it must be obvious what all has to do with you. Eventually like the rest of us you

must be on one side or the other. You must be an Athenian or a Visigoth. Of cour it is

much harder to be an Athenian for you must learn how to be one you must work at being

one whereas we are all in a way natural-both Visigoths. That is why there are so many

more Visigoths than Athenians. And I must tell you that you do not become an Athenian

merely by attending school or accumulating degrees. My father-in-law was one of the

most committed Athenians I have ever known and he spent his entire adult life as a

dress cutter on Seventh Avenue in New York City. On the other hand I have known

physicians lawyers and engineers who are Visigoths of unmistakable persuasion. And I

must also tell you as much in sorrow as in shame that at some of our great universities

perhaps even this one there are professors of whom we may fairly say they are clot

Visigoths. And yet you must not doubt for a moment that a school after all is esntially

an Athenian idea. There is a direct link between the cultural achievements of Athens and

what the faculty of this university is all about. I have no difficulty imagining that Plato

Aristotle or Democritus would be quite at home in our classrooms. A Visigoth would

merely scrawl obscenities on the wall.

现在所有这一切与你的关系一定很清楚了。你终将同其他人一样必须站在一方或另一方。你必定要么是雅典人要么是西哥特人。当然成为名雅典人要难得多因为你必须学习如何成为雅典人你必须要付出努力而从某种意义上说我们天生都是西哥特人。这就是为什么西哥特人比雅典人要多得多的原因。我还必须告诉你仅仅通过上学或者拿到几个学位是不会成为雅典人的。我的岳父是我所知道的最坚定的雅典人之一他成年之后一直是纽约第七大街上的一名裁缝。相反我认识的一些医生、律师和工程师却是十足的西哥特人。我还必须既痛心又惭愧地告诉你在我们一些名牌大学也许甚至就在这一所有一些教授我们可以公正地说是些隐蔽的西哥特人。然而你决不可对学校产生怀疑学校的本质毕竟体现了一种雅典人的观念。雅典的文化成就和这所大学的教员所从事的工作之间有着直接的联系。不难想象在我们的教室里柏拉图、亚里士多德或者德谟克利特会感到很自在。西哥特人将只会在墙壁上涂写一些淫秽的话。