名词单复数规则

更新时间:2023-12-23 01:20:27 阅读: 评论:0

2023年12月23日发(作者:屋檐的檐怎么组词)

名词单复数规则

名词单复数规则

名词与可数名词单复数

一、分类:可数名词和不可数名词

1、可数名词:一个一个数得出来的,有复数形式

apple --- two apples bus ---two bus chair --- two chairs

box --- two boxes

2、不可数名词:无法一个个数出来的,无复数形式

1) 多数物质名词(无法分割,数不出)

water ice air paper(纸张)milk glass(玻璃)

2) 多数抽象名词(虚无缥缈,数不出)

love friendship(友谊)fun(乐趣)luck music health(健康)

3) 太多太细(数不清)

sand salt hair grass(草)rice snow

4) 总称类名词(表全体,无法数)

food(食物)waste(垃圾)furniture(家具)poetry(诗歌)

3、多数名词既作可数又作不可数

apple

作可数:I want to eat an apple.

作不可数:I want to eat apple.

cake

作可数:a cake 一个(整个)蛋糕)

作不可数:a piece of cake 一块蛋糕

例子:I want to buy a cake. 我想买一个蛋糕。(可数)

I want to eat cake. (不可数)

I want to eat a piece of cake. (不可数)

4、有些不可数名词在特定情况下有复数形式

water--- waters(水体)wind --- winds(一阵一阵的风)

sand --- sands(沙滩)tea --- two teas(两份茶水)

5、可数名词通常不单独使用,需在前面加限定词(冠词、代词、

数词、量词等)或用复数形式,省略冠词除外

There are five students in the classroom.(加数词)

There are a lot of students in the classroom.(加量词)

A hor is very uful.

This hor is very uful.

Hors are very uful.

Hor is very uful. (╳)

二、可数名词的复数读音

1、大于一即算复数,如one and a half hours 一个半小时

2、元音字母有五个:a、e、i、o、u

3、元音字母中,u不一定都发元音音标开头

uncle(发元音音标开头)

usually(发辅音音标开头)

university(同上)

4、y虽为辅音字母,放词尾常发元音

baby sky

5、名词复数的读音:清音后读/s/,元音或浊音后读/z/,“嘶”(/s/、/z/、/?/、/?/、/t ?

/、/d?/)音后读/iz/

books / b?ks/(读清音)brothers /'br?e?z/ (读浊音)

beds /bedz/(读浊音)oranges / '?r?nd?iz /(“嘶”音后,读/ iz /)

三、规则变化

1、一般直接加-s

book --- books table --- tables orange --- oranges

2、辅音加y结尾的词,把y改成i再加-es

baby --- babies city --- cities

lady --- ladies sky --- skies

注:元音加y结尾的词,直接加-s

boys days

为什么要把y先改成i再加-es?

原因:

1)y是半元音,即有时发辅音,有时发元音,若不变i会被误认为发辅音

year(发辅音)yellow(发辅音)

baby(发元音)city(发元音)

babys(被误以为y发辅音)

citys(被误以为y发辅音)

2)如果不变成i会违反英语拼写规则

英语拼写规则:辅音字母写在一起不能超过三个,如school,spring,street

skys(四个辅音字母写在一起)

3、以发“嘶”音的字母(s、x、sh、ch)结尾的词,加-es,读成/iz/

bus --- bus box --- boxes brush --- brushes watch ---

watches

注:stomach因为ch不发“嘶”故直接加-s,即stomachs

为什么要加-es?

1)为了让听者能辨别是单数还是复数

boxs(听不出是复数)boxes(一听就知道是复数)

watchs(听不出是复数)watches(一听就知道是复数)

2)为了拼写上不被误认为是双写s或违反拼写规则

boss --- boss(bosss违反拼写规则,同一个字母最多连写两个,如apple)

bus若加-s,变成buss,会被误以为buss是一个单词

bus(一看就是bus的复数)

4、辅音字母加o结尾,多数加-es,少数(特别是外来词和缩略词)加-s

加-es:tomatoes potatoes heroes

加-s:pianos(外来词,来自意大利语

photos(photograph的缩写)

注:元音加o结尾的,直接加-s

zoos radios

5、f或fe结尾的词,多把f或fe改成v再加-es(特别是发长音的),少数直接加-s (多为发短音),极个别有两种形式

加-es:knife --- knives wife --- wives

wolf --- wolves leaf --- leaves

加-s:roofs屋顶proofs证据

两种形式均可:handkerchiefs/ handkerchieves手帕

为什么要把f或fe变v再加-es?

原因:方便发音,以免断气

knifes(读完没气了)knives(读完肚子还有气)

6、不规则变化

1)有man的单词,把man变men

man --- men woman --- women(注意读音)

policeman --- policemen Englishman --- Englishmen

注:German不属于词类,故直接加-s,即Germans

2)oo变ee(鹅用牙齿咬你脚)

goo --- gee鹅

tooth --- teeth牙齿

foot --- feet脚

3)公牛孩子和老鼠,复数最特殊

ox --- oxen公牛

child --- children 孩子

mou --- mice 老鼠

4)单复数同形

sheep绵羊fish鱼deer鹿

-e结尾的表某国人的名词:Chine,JapaneVietname(越南人)

3、有些名词常以复数形式出现(多为由两部分组成的名词)

glass眼镜(两块镜片)trours裤子(两个裤筒)

pajamas睡衣(连衣带裤)

(四)不可数名词

1、要表数量时需加量词,表“几个”含义,量词需变复数

water

a bottle of water two cups of water

bread

a piece of bread two pieces of bread

paper

a piece of paper two pieces of paper

2、仅仅表示一些,可some、much、a lot of修饰(不可用many)

some water一些水much water 一些水 a lot of water很多水

3、有时不可数名词也可以变复数,表“多份”、“很多”

two beers两份啤酒

two coffees 两份咖啡

waters各种各样的水

名词单复数练习:把下列名词变成复数

coat _______ skirt _______ hou _______ car ________ brush

_______ box _________ toy _______ umbrella _________ ticket ________

class _________ classroom _______ teacher _________ son ___________

student _______ job _________ orange_________ class __________

monkey __________ piano _________ child ___________

country _________ family ___________ toy ____________ foot

___________

fox

Japane ___________

woman

radio ____________photo

___________

____________ tomato ____________

___________ _____________knife

sheep_____________

二、一般现在时

注:英语的时间要通过谓语动词体现出来(形合句特点),中文

则不用(意合句)中文:我昨天去学校。

我今天去学校。

我明天去学校。

英语:I went to school yesterday.

I go to school today.

I will go to school tomorrow.

1、作用:表示一般性、经常性、习惯性动作或状态,偶尔表将来

I get up early every day.

She is my English teacher.

2、构成:

1)be动词:am、are、is

am用于第一人单数:即I

I am a student. = I’m student.

I’m not a student.

are用于第二人称及所有复数:即you,we,they

You are late. = You’re late.

We are students. = We’re students.

They are not here. = They’re not here.

is用于第三人称单数:即he,she,it

He is a student.

She is a worker.

It is my book.

2)其他动词:动词原形(按字典的写法)

We go to the park every week.

注:has用于第三人称单数,have第三人称单数以外的情况

He has a new bike.

We have a new school.

3)第三人称单数:需在动词后加s(同名词变复数的方法)

He goes to the theatre every week.

She does morning exerci every day.

John plays the piano every night.

3、常用时间状语(表习惯性)

always总是、often经常、usually通常、every

morning/day/week每天早上/每天/每周、sometimes有时、from

time to time时不时、twice a week一周两次、ldom

很少、never从不

4、一般现在时的具体应用:习惯真理和瞬间,书评将来也可用

1)表习惯、经常性的事

He gets up at 7:00 every morning.

2)表示真理性、客观性的事

Light goes faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。

The moon moves round the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。

Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。

3)表瞬间发生的事

Tom pass the ball to John. John shoots. What a goal!

汤姆传球给约翰。约翰射门。球进了!

4)用写书评、读后感

I finished reading a book yesterday. It is about a little princess.

Her mother dies when she is young.

5)表示安排好的将来一定发生的事(详见一般将来时专题)

Now it’s 8:00. The train leaves at 10:00.

The final exam is in next week.

一般现在是练习:用所给词的正确形式填空

1. We often___________(play) on the playground.

2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock.

3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning.

4. What_________ (do) he usually _____(do) after school?

5. Danny ________(study) English, Chine, Maths, Science and

Art at school.

6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.

7. At eight at night, she ________(watch) TV with his parents.

8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?

9. How many lessons _________ your classmate__________(have)

on Monday?

10. What time ________his mother_________(do) the houwork?

名词单复数规则

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