填空题-英语词汇学

2023年12月14日发(作者：踏踏实实做事)

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2002.4 16._ Grammatical__meaning refers to the part of speech, tens of verbs, etc.

17. The word __minister_has the old meaning "rvant" and the elevated meaning "head of a

ministry".

18. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or conventional __.随意的和约定俗称的

19. When a word with more than one meaning is ud in unclear context, it creates _ambiguity.

20. Almost all affixes are __bound morphemes becau few can be ud as independent words.

2003.4 16. The degraded meaning “xual desire ”of the word “lust ”comes from its old

meaning “ pleasure ”.

17. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and stem

headword or entries are defined in the same language in a monolingual

dictionary. 单语词典

basic word stock forms the common core of the language.

20 概念意义 Conceptual meaning is also known as

denotative meaning. 外延意义。

2004.4 16. In the cour book, the idioms are classified according to grammatical/ syntactic_

functions.

17. Linguistic context can be further divided into _lexical_____ context and grammatical context.

18. The Celtic_ languages made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with a few

place names like Avon, kent, Themes.

19. Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be _free_____.

20. According to manticists, a word is a unit of __meaning____.

2005.4 16. The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is

extension

17. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English is a specialized _ dictionary.

18. When a new word appears for the first time, the author usually manages to give hints or

__clues_ in the context to help the readers.

19. Radiation and

concatenation __ are the two coinages which the development of word

meaning follows from monomy to polymy.

20. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to__1500_.

2006.4

Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of __French___ words into English.

17. The attitudes of class have made inroads into lexical meaning in the ca of elevation or

_degradation__

18. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give

_indication_ of referents.

19. Compounds are different from free phras in _mantic__ unit.

20. Content words have both meanings, and __lexical__ meaning in particular.

2007.4

16．The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the _ morpheme

17．Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and

_transfer__.

18．In the word “post-war”, “post-” is a prefix of __Suffixes_____.

19．Functional words such as preparations, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning,

posss strong _ grammatical ___meaning.

20．Relative synonyms also called __ near-synonyms ___ are similar or nearly the same in

denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.

2008 填空：

16. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as

_inflectional_ morphemes.

17. The chief function of _Prefixes__ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change

its meaning.

18. “Pavement” in British English and “sidewalk” in American English have the same

_n__.

19. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the _mantic field of

‘colours’.(语义场)

20. Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being

_negative_ and the other opposite

2009填空：

41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a meaningful_ group of

letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.

42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: _creation_, mantic change

and borrowing.

43．We might say that free morphemes are free root.

44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called _affixation___.

45．Semantic _motivation__ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual

meaning of a word．

46．Perfect homonyms and polymants are fully __ identical _ with regard to spelling and

pronunciation.

47．Vocabulary is the most __unstable_ element of a language as it is undergoing constant

changes both in form and content.

48．Ambiguity often aris due to _polymy__ and homonymy. 49．Idioms consist of t _phras_ and short ntences.

50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in __one___ language.

2010填空：

41. Grammarians insist that a word be a _free___form that can function in a ntence. 6

42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions becau English

has evolved from a synthetic language to the prent _analytic__language. 29

43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and _bound___morphemes. 39

44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called Derivatives_派生___. 46

45. Though having little lexical meaning_functional_words have strong grammatical meaning. 86

46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in,

and as the new replace the old, so the internal _relations___of the whole t alter. 121

47. The attitudes of class have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the ca of elevation

or degradation. 185

48. The ntence “I like Mary better than Jean.” will lead to ambiguity. 156

49. The fixity of idioms depends on the idiomaticity. 165习语的固定性依靠于习语化程度

50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into _encyclopedia and encyclopedic

dictionaries.

2011填空：

31. The general estimate of the prent-day English vocabulary is over one __million_ words.

32. At the end of 6th century, Latin-speaking missionaries under St. Augustine came to spread

Christianity in Britain. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many _religious_ terms

such as abbot, candle, altar, etc.

33. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function are

_affixes 词缀

34. The process of changing the word "possible" into "impossible" is called _Prefixation_.前缀法

35. The synonymous pair "die — pass away" has the same concept__ but different stylistic values.

36. Semantically, all _words__ are related in one way or another.

37. Fortuitous formerly denoted 'happening by chance', 'accidental' and later took on the

meaning 'fortunate' probably by _analogy_ becau the two words look similar.

38. The ntence "He is a hard businessman" is ambiguous due to _Polymy__.

39. The characteristic of idioms —_mantic__ unity can be reflected by the understanding of

such idiom as "rain cats and dogs".

40. Definition, extra column and usage _examples_ are the unique features of Collins COBUILD

English Language Dictionary (1987).

2012年填空

31. A word is a minimal free __ form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and

syntactic function.

32. In the Middle English period, the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of _French_

words into English.

33. The basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity is

called a __root__.

34. The method of creating words by removing the suppod suffixes is called back-formation_.

35. Words such as “vicious, tyrant, determined, famous, notorious” usually indicate the speaker’s

attitude towards the person or thing in question. They have _affective_ meaning in themlves.

36. A word which is related to other words is related to them in _n_____.

37. Car which ud to be a “two-wheel cart drawn by hors and ud in _war___ ”has taken on

the meaning “automobile” with the development of modern car industry.

38. In the ntence “Copernicus believed in a heliocentric univer, rather than in the geocentric

theory.”, the word “heliocentric” is explained by the clue of __word___ structure.

39. Due to structural _stability__ of idioms, the word order of the idiom “by twos and threes”

cannot be turned into “by threes and twos”.

40. Against the traditional practice of lexicography, _CCELD___ creates an extra column arranged

alongside the definitions.

2014年填空：

31. A word is a _minimal__ free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and

syntactic function.

32. In Old English period, the introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English

vocabulary. It brought many new ideas and customs, and also many _religious_ terms such as

“candle, altar, amen”.

33. A root_ is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of

identity.

34. “Exam” is the shortened form of “examination” by back clipping. Then “quake” is ud to

mean “earthquake” by _front_ clipping.

35. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its _meaning__．

38. The context clue ud in the ntence “Many United Nations’ are polyglots. Ms.

Mary, for example, speaks five languages” is _Example_____．

idiom “by twos and threes” cannot be turned into “by threes and twos”. It shows that

unlike free phras, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent _unchangeable____．

40. Bilingual dictionaries are written in _two__ languages.

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