海牙规则(中英)

2023年12月11日发(作者：鹤算)

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统一提单的若干法律规则的国际公约

（1924年8月22日订于布鲁塞尔，1924年8月25日颁布，1942年8月25日实施）

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN RULES OF LAW

RELATING TO BILLS OF LADING

(“HAGUE RULES”), AND PROTOCOL OF SIGNATURE

(Brusls, 25 August 1924)

The President of the German Republic, the President of the

Argentine Republic, His Majesty the King of the Belgians, the

President of the Republic of Chile, the President of the Republic of

Cuba, His Majesty the King of Denmark and Iceland, His Majesty the

King of Spain, the Head of the Estonian State, the President of the

United States of America, the President of the Republic of Finland,

the President of the French Republic, His Majesty the King of the

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British

Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, His Most Supreme

Highness the Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary, His Majesty the King

of Italy, His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, the President of the

Latvian Republic, the President of the Republic of Mexico, His

Majesty the King of Norway, Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands,

the President of the Republic of Peru, the President of the Polish

Republic, the President of the Portugue Republic, His Majesty the

King of Romania, His Majesty the King of the Serbs, Croats and

Slovenes, His Majesty the King of Sweden, and the President of the

Republic of Uruguay,

HAVING RECOGNIZED the utility of fixing by agreement certain

uniform rules of law relating to bills of lading,

HAVE DECIDED to conclude a convention with this object and have

appointed the following Plenipotentiaries:

WHO, duly authorized thereto, have agreed as follows:

第一条 Article 1

本公约所用下列各词，涵义如下：

In this Convention the following words are employed with the meanings

t out below:

(a) “承运人”包括与托运人订有运输合同的船舶所有人或租船人。

(a) "Carrier" includes the owner or the charterer who enters into a

contract of carriage with a shipper.

(b)  “运输合同”仅适用于以提单或任何类似的物权凭证进行有关海上货物运输的合同；在租船合同下或根据租船合同所签发的提单或任何物权凭证，在它们成为制约承运人与凭证持有人之间的关系准则时，也包括在内。

(b)  "Contract of carriage" applies only to contracts of carriage

covered by a bill of lading or any similar document of title, in so

far as such document relates to the carriage of goods by a,

including any bill of lading or any similar document as aforesaid

issued under or pursuant to a charter party from the moment at which such bill of lading or similar document of title regulates the

relations between a carrier and a holder of the same.

(c)  “货物”包括货物、制品、商品和任何种类的物品，但活牲畜以及在运输合同上载明装载于舱面上并且已经这样装运的货物除外。

(c)   "Goods" includes goods, wares, merchandi and articles of

every kind whatsoever except live animals and cargo which by the

contract of carriage in stated as being carried on deck and is so

carried.

(d) “船舶”是指用于海上货物运输的任何船舶。

(d)  "Ship" means any vesl ud for the carriage of goods by a.

“货物运输”是指自货物装上船时起，至卸下船时止的一段期间。

(e)  "Carriage of goods" covers the period from the time when the

goods are loaded on to the time they are discharged from the ship.

第二条 Article 2

除遵照第六条规定外，每个海上货物运输合同的承运人，对有关货物的装载、搬运、积载、运送、保管、照料和卸载，都应按照下列规定承担责任和义务，并享受权利和豁免。

Subject to the provisions of Article 6, under every contract of

carriage of goods by a the carrier, in relation to the loading,

handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care and discharge of such

goods, shall be subject to the responsibilities and liabilities, and

entitled to the rights and immunities hereinafter t forth.

第三条 Article 3

1．承运人须在开航前和开航时谨慎处理：

1. The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the

voyage to exerci due diligence to:

(a) 使船舶适航；

(a)  Make the ship aworthy.

(b) 适当地配备船员、装备船舶和供应船舶；

(b)  Properly man, equip and supply the ship.

(c) 使货舱、冷藏舱和该船其他载货处所能适宜和安全地收受、运送和保管货物。

(c)  Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other

parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their

reception, carriage and prervation.

2．除遵照第四条规定外，承运人应适当和谨慎地装卸、搬运、积载、运送、保管、照料和卸载所运货物。

2. Subject to the provisions of Article 4, the carrier shall

properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and

discharge the goods carried.

3．承运人或船长或承运人的代理人在收受货物归其照管后，经托运人的请求，应向托运人签发提单，其上载明下列各项： 3.  After receiving the goods into his charge the carrier or the

master or agent of the carrier shall, on demand of the shipper, issue

to the shipper a bill of lading showing among other things:

(a) 与开始装货前由托运人书面提供者相同的、为辨认货物所需的主要标志，如果这项标志是以印戳或其他方式标示在不带包装的货物上，或在其中装有货物的箱子或包装物上，该项标志通常应在航程终了时仍能保持清晰可认。

(a) The leading marks necessary for identification of the goods as

the same are furnished in writing by the shipper before the loading

of such goods starts, provided such marks are stamped or otherwi

shown clearly upon the goods if uncovered, or on the cas or

coverings in which such goods are contained, in such a manner as

should ordinarily remain legible until the end of the voyage.

(b) 托运人用书面提供的包数或件数，或数量，或重量。

(b) Either the number of packages or pieces, or the quantity, or

weight, as the ca may be, as furnished in writing by the shipper.

(c) 货物的表面状况。

(c) The apparent order and condition of the goods.

但是，承运人、船长或承运人的代理人，不一定必须将任何货物的标志、号码、数量或重量表明或标示在提单上，如果他有合理根据怀疑提单不能正确代表实际收到的货物，或无适当方法进行核对的话。

Provided that no carrier, master or agent of the carrier shall be

bound to state or show in the bill of lading any marks, number,

quantity, or weight which he has reasonable ground for suspecting not

accurately to reprent the goods actually received, or which he has

had no reasonable means of checking.

4．依照第3款(a)、(b)、(c)项所载内容的这样一张提单，应作为承运人收到该提单中所载货物的初步证据。

4. Such a bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence of the receipt

by the carrier of the goods as therein described in accordance with

paragraph 3(a), (b) and (c).

5．托运人应被视为已在装船时向承运人保证，由他提供的标志、件数、数量和重量均正确无误；并应赔偿给承运人由于这些项目不正确所引起或导致的一切灭失、损坏和费用。承运人的这种赔偿权利，并不减轻其根据运输合同对托运人以外的任何人所承担的责任和义务。

5. The shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the

accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks, number, quantity and

weight, as furnished by him, and the shipper shall indemnity the

carrier against all loss, damages and expens arising or resulting

from inaccuracies in such particulars. The right of the carrier to

such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and liability

under the contract of carriage to any person other than the shipper.

6．在将货物移交给根据运输合同有权收货的人之前或当时，除非在卸货港将货物的灭失和损害的一般情况，已用书面通知承运人或其代理人，则这种移交应作为承运人已按照提单规定交付货物的初步证据。 6. Unless notice of loss or damage and the general nature of such

loss or damage be given in writing to the carrier or his agent at the

port of discharge before or at the time of the removal of the goods

into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof under the

contract of carriage, or, if the loss or damage be not apparent,

within three days, such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the

delivery by the carrier of the goods as described in the bill of

lading.

如果灭失或损坏不明显，则这种通知应于交付货物之日起的三天内提交。

If the loss or damage is not apparent, the notice must be given

within three days of the delivery of the goods.

如果货物状况在收受时已经进行联合检验或检查，就无须再提交书面通知。

The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the goods

has, at the time of their receipt, been the subject of joint survey

or inspection.

除非从货物交付之日或应交付之日起一年内提出诉讼，承运人和船舶在任何情况下都免除对灭失或损害所负的一切责任。

In any event the carrier and the ship shall be discharged from

all liability in respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought

within one year after delivery of the goods or the date when the

goods should have been delivered.

遇有任何实际的或推定的灭失或损害，承运人与收货人必须为检验和清点货物相互给予一切合理便利。

In the ca of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the

carrier and the receiver shall give all reasonable facilities to each

other for inspecting and tallying the goods.

7．货物装船后，如果托运人要求，签发“已装船”提单，承运人、船长或承运人的代理人签发给托运人的提单，应为“已装船”提单，如果托运人事先已取得这种货物的物权单据，应交还这种单据，换取“已装船”提单。但是，也可以根据承运人的决定，在装货港由承运人、船长或其代理人在上述物权单据上注明装货船名和装船日期。经过这样注明的上述单据，如果载有第三条第3款所指项目，即应成为本条所指的“已装船”提单。

7.  After the goods are loaded the bill of lading to be issued by

the carrier, master, or agent of the carrier, to the shipper shall,

if the shipper so demands, be a "shipped" bill of lading, provided

that if the shipper shall have previously taken up any document of

title to such goods, he shall surrender the same as against the issue

of the "shipped" bill of lading, but at the option of the carrier

such document of title may be noted at the port of shipment by the

carrier, master, or agent with the name or names of the ship or ships

upon which the goods have been shipped and the date or dates of

shipment, and when so noted, if it shows the particulars mentioned in

paragraph 3 of Article 3, shall for the purpo of this Article be

deemed to constitute a "shipped" bill of lading. 8．运输合同中的任何条款、约定或协议，凡是解除承运人或船舶对由于疏忽、过失或未履行本条规定的责任和义务，因而引起货物或关于货物的灭失或损害的责任的，或以下同于本公约的规定减轻这种责任的，则一律无效。有利于承运人的保险利益或类似的条款，应视为属于免除承运人责任的条款。

8.  Any clau, covenant, or agreement in a contract of carriage

relieving the carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage

to, or in connexion with, goods arising from negligence, fault, or

failure in the duties and obligations provided in this Article or

lesning such liability otherwi than as provided in this

Convention, shall be null and void and of no effect. A benefit of

insurance in favour of the carrier or similar clau shall be deemed

to be a clau relieving the carrier from liability.

第四条 Article 4

1．不论承运人或船舶，对于因不适航所引起的灭失或损坏，都不负责，除非造成的原因是由于承运人未按第三条第1款的规定，克尽职责；使船舶适航；保证适当地配备船员、装备和供应该船，以及使货舱、冷藏舱和该船的其它装货处所能适宜并安全地收受、运送和保管货物。凡由于船舶不适航所引起的灭失和损害，对于已克尽职责的举证责任，应由根据本条规定要求免责的承运人或其他人承担。

1.   Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be liable for loss or

damage arising or resulting from unaworthiness unless caud by

want of due diligence on the part of the carrier to make the ship

aworthy and to cure that the ship is properly manned, equipped

and supplied, and to make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers

and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and

safe for their reception, carriage and prervation in accordance

with the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 3. Whenever loss or

damage has resulted from unaworthiness the burden of proving the

exerci of due diligence shall be on the carrier or other person

claiming exemption under this Article.

2．不论承运人或船舶，对由于下列原因引起或造成的灭失或损坏，都不负责：

2.   Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible for

loss or damage arising or resulting from:

(a)  船长、船员、引水员或承运人的雇佣人员，在驾驶船舶或管理船舶中的行为、疏忽或不履行义务；

(a)  Act, neglect, or default of the master, mariner, pilot, or the

rvants of the carrier in the navigation or in the management of the

ship.

(b)  火灾，但由于承运人的实际过失或私谋所引起的除外；

(b)  Fire, unless caud by the actual fault or privity of the

carrier.

(c)  海上或其它可航水域的灾难、危险和意外事故；

(c)  Perils, dangers and accidents of the a or other navigable

waters.

(d)  天灾； (d)  Act of God.

(e)  战争行为；

(e)  Act of war.

(f)  公敌行为；

(f)  Act of public enemies.

(g)  君主、当权者或人民的扣留或管制，或依法扣押；

(g)  Arrest or restraint or princes, rulers or people, or izure

under legal process.

(h)  检疫限制；

(h)  Quarantine restrictions.

(i)  托运人或货主、其代理人或代表的行为或不行为；

(i)  Act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods, his

agent or reprentative.

(j)  不论由于任何原因所引起的局部或全面罢工、关厂停止或限制工作；

(j)  Strikes or lockouts or stoppage or restraint of labour from

whatever cau, whether partial or general.

(k)  暴动和骚乱；

(k)  Riots and civil commotions.

(l)  救助或企图救助海上人命或财产；

(l)  Saving or attempting to save life or property at a.

(m)  由于货物的固有缺点、质量或缺陷引起的体积或重量亏损，或任何其它灭失或损坏；

(m)  Wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss or damage arising

from inherent defect, quality or vice of the goods.

(n)  包装不充分；

(n)  Insufficiency of packing.

(o)  标志不清或不当；

(o)  Insufficiency or inadequacy of marks.

(p)  虽克尽职责亦不能发现的潜在缺点；

(p)  Latent defects not discoverable by due diligence.

(q)  非由于承运人的实际过失或私谋，或者承运人的代理人，或雇佣人员的过失或疏忽所引起的其它任何原因；但是要求引用这条免责利益的人应负责举证，证明有关的灭失或损坏既非由于承运人的实际过失或私谋，亦非承运人的代理人或雇佣人员的过失或疏忽所造成；

(q)  Any other cau arising without the actual fault or privity of

the carrier, or without the actual fault or neglect of the agents or

rvants of the carrier, but the burden of proof shall be on the

person claiming the benefit of this exception to show that neither

the actual fault or privity of the carrier nor the fault or neglect of the agents or rvants of the carrier contributed to the loss or

damage.

3.   对于任何非因托运人、托运人的代理人或其雇佣人员的行为、过失或疏忽所引起的使承运人或船舶遭受的灭失或损坏，托运人不负责任。

3.  The shipper shall not be responsible for loss or damage

sustained by the carrier or the ship arising or resulting from any

cau without the act, fault or neglect of the shipper, his agents or

his rvants.

4.   为救助或企图救助海上人命或财产而发生的绕航，或任何合理绕航，都不能作为破坏或违反本公约或运输合同的行为；承运人对由此而引起的任何灭失或损害，都不负责。

4.  Any deviation in saving or attempting to save life or property

at a or any reasonable deviation shall not be deemed to be an

infringement or breach of this Convention or of the contract of

carriage, and the carrier shall not be liable for any loss or damage

resulting therefrom.

5.   承运人或是船舶，在任何情况下对货物或与货物有关的灭失或损害，每件或每计费单位超过一百英镑或与其等值的其他货币的部分，都不负责；但托运人于装货前已就该项货物的性质和价值提出声明，并已在提单中注明的，不在此限。

5.  Neither the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or

become liable for any loss or damage to or in connexion with goods in

an amount exceeding 100 pounds sterling per package or unit, or the

equivalent of that sum in other currency unless the nature and value

of such goods have been declared by the shipper before shipment and

inrted in the bill of lading.

该项声明如经载入提单，即作为初步证据，但它对承运人并不具有约束力或最终效力。

This declaration if embodied in the bill of lading shall be prima

facie evidence, but shall not be binding or conclusive on the

carrier.

经承运人、船长或承运人的代理人与托运人双方协议，可规定不同于本款规定的另一最高限额，但该最高限额不得低于上述数额。

By agreement between the carrier, master or agent of the carrier

and the shipper another maximum amount than that mentioned in this

paragraph may be fixed, provided that such maximum shall not be less

than the figure above named.

如承运人在提单中，故意谎报货物性质或价值，则在任何情况下，承运人或是船舶，对货物或与货物有关的灭失或损害，都不负责。

Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in any

event for loss or damage to, or in connexion with, goods if the

nature or value thereof has been knowingly misstated by the shipper

in the bill of lading.

6．承运人、船长或承运人的代理人对于事先不知性质而装载的具有易燃、爆炸或危险性的货物，可在卸货前的任何时候将其卸在任何地点，或将其销毁，或使之无害，而不予赔偿；该项货物的托运人，应对由于装载该项货物而直接或间接引起的一切损害或费用负责。如果承运人知道该项货物的性质，并已同意装载，则在该项货物对船舶或货载发生危险时，亦得同样将该项货物卸在任何地点，或将其销毁，或使之无害，而不负赔偿责任，但如发生共同海损不在此限。

6.  Goods of an inflammable, explosive or dangerous nature to the

shipment whereof the carrier, master or agent of the carrier has not

connted with knowledge of their nature and character, may at any

time before discharge be landed at any place, or destroyed or

rendered innocuous by the carrier without compensation and the

shipper of such goods shall be liable for all damage and expens

directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from such

shipment. If any such goods shipped with such knowledge and connt

shall become a danger to the ship or cargo, they may in like manner

be landed at any place, or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the

carrier without liability on the part of the carrier except to

general average, if any.

第五条  Article 5

承运人可以自由地全部或部分放弃本公约中所规定的他的权利和豁免，或增加他所应承担的任何一项责任和义务。但是这种放弃或增加，须在签发给托运人的提单上注明。

A carrier shall be at liberty to surrender in whole or in part all or

any of his rights and immunities or to increa any of his

responsibilities and obligations under this Convention, provided such

surrender or increa shall be embodied in the bill of lading issued

to the shipper.

本公约的规定，不适用于租船合同，但如果提单是根据租船合同签发的，则上述提单应符合本公约的规定。本公约中的任何规定，都不得妨碍在提单中加注有关共同海损的任何合法条款。

The provisions of this Convention shall not be applicable to charter

parties, but if bills of lading are issued in the ca of a ship

under a charter party they shall comply with the terms of this

Convention. Nothing in the rules shall be held to prevent the

inrtion in a bill of lading of any lawful provision regarding

general average.

第六条  Article 6

虽有前述各条规定，只要不违反公共秩序，承运人、船长或承运人的代理人得与托运人就承运人对任何特定货物应负的责任和应尽的义务，及其所享受的权利与豁免，或船舶适航的责任等，以任何条件，自由地订立任何协议。或就承运人雇佣人员或代理人在海运货物的装载、搬运、积载、运送、保管、照料和卸载方面应注意及谨慎的事项，自由订立任何协议。但在这种情况下，必须是未曾签发或将不签发提单，而且应将上述协议的条款载入不得转让并注明这种字样的单证内。

Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Articles, a carrier,

master or agent of the carrier and a shipper shall in regard to any

particular goods be at liberty to enter into any agreement in any terms as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier for such

goods, and as to the rights and immunities of the carrier in respect

of such goods, or his obligation as to aworthiness, so far as this

stipulation is not contrary to public policy, or the care or

diligence of his rvants or agents in regard to the loading,

handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care and discharge of the goods

carried by a, provided that in this ca no bill of lading has been

or shall be issued and that the terms agreed shall be embodied in a

receipt which shall be a non-negotiable document and shall be marked

as such.

这样订立的任何协议，都具有完全的法律效力。

Any agreement so entered into shall have full legal effect.

但本条规定不适用于依照普通贸易程序成交的一般商业货运，而仅在拟装运的财物的性质和状况，或据以进行运输的环境、条款和条件，有订立特别协议的合理需要时，才能适用。

Provided that this Article shall not apply to ordinary commercial

shipments made in the ordinary cour of trade, but only to other

shipments where the character or condition of the property to be

carried or the circumstances, terms and conditions under which the

carriage is to be performed are such as reasonably to justify a

special agreement.

第七条  Article 7

本条约中的任何规定，都不妨碍承运人或托运人就承运人或船舶对海运船舶所载货物于装船以前或卸船以后所受灭失或损害，或与货物的保管、照料和搬运有关的灭失或损害所应承担的责任与义务，订立任何协议、规定、条件、保留或免责条款。

Nothing herein contained shall prevent a carrier or a shipper from

entering into any agreement, stipulation, condition, rervation or

exemption as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier or

the ship for the loss or damage to, or in connexion with, the custody

and care and handling of goods prior to the loading on, and

subquent to, the discharge from the ship on which the goods are

carried by a.

第八条  Article 8

本公约各条规定，都不影响有关海运船舶所有人责任限制的任何现行法令所规定的承运人的权利和义务。

The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the rights and

obligations of the carrier under any statute for the time being in

force relating to the limitation of the liability of owners of a-going vesls.

第九条  Article 9

本公约所提到的货币单位为金价。

The monetary units mentioned in this Convention are to be taken to be

gold value.    凡缔约国中不以英镑作为货币单位的，得保留其将本公约所指的英镑数额以四舍五入的方式折合为本国货币的权利。

Tho contracting States in which the pound sterling is not a

monetary unit rerve to themlves the right of translating the sums

indicated in this Convention in terms of pound sterling into terms of

their own monetary system in round figures.

各国法律可以为债务人保留按船舶抵达卸货港之日通知的兑换率，以本国货币偿清其有关货物的债务的权利。

The national laws may rerve to the debtor the right of discharging

his debt in national currency according to the rate of exchange

prevailing on the day of the arrival of the ship at the port of

discharge of the goods concerned.

第十条  Article 10

本公约和各项规定，适用于在任何缔约国所签发的一切提单。

The provisions of this Convention shall apply to all bills of lading

issued in any of the contracting States.

第十一条  Article 11

自本公约签字之日起不超过二年的期限内，比利时政府应与已声明拟批准本公约的缔约国保持联系，以便决定是否使本公约生效。批准书应于各缔约国协商确定的日期交存于布鲁塞尔。首次交存的批准书应载入由参加国代表及比利时外交部长签署的议定书内。

After an interval of not more than two years from the day on which

the Convention is signed, the Belgian Government shall place itlf

in communication with the Governments of the High Contracting Parties

which have declared themlves prepared to ratify the Convention,

with a view to deciding whether it shall be put into force. The

ratifications shall be deposited at Brusls at a date to be fixed by

agreement among the said Governments. The first deposit of

ratifications shall be recorded in a procès-verbal signed by the

reprentatives of the Powers which take part therein and by the

Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs.

以后交存的批准书，应以书面通知送交比利时政府，并随附批准文件。

The subquent deposit of ratifications shall be made by means of

a written notification, addresd to the Belgian Government and

accompanied by the instrument of ratification.

比利时政府，应立即将有关记载首次交存批准书的议定书和上段所指的通知，随附批准书等的核证无误的副本，通过外交途径送交已签署本公约或已加入本公约的国家。在上段所指情况下，比利时政府应于收到通知的同时，知照各国。

A duly certified copy of the procès-verbal relating to the first

deposit of ratifications, of the notifications referred to in the

previous paragraph, and also of the instruments of ratification

accompanying them, shall be immediately nt by the Belgian

Government through the diplomatic channel to the Powers who have

signed this Convention or who have acceded to it. In the cas contemplated in the preceding paragraph, the said Government shall

inform them at the same time of the date on which it received the

notification.

第十二条  Article 12

凡未签署本公约的国家，不论是否已出席在布鲁塞尔召开的国际会议，都可以加入本公约。

Non-signatory States may accede to the prent Convention whether or

not they have been reprented at the International Conference at

Brusls.

拟加入本公约的国家，应将其意图用书面通知比利时政府，并送交其加入的文件，该项文件应存放在比利时政府档案库。

A State which desires to accede shall notify its intention in

writing to the Belgian Government, forwarding to it the document of

accession, which shall be deposited in the archives of the said

Government.

比利时政府应立即将加入本公约通知书的核证无误的副本，分送已签署本公约或已加入本公约的国家，并注明它收到上述通知的日期。

The Belgian Government shall immediately forward to all the States

which have signed or acceded to the Convention a duly certified copy

of the notification and of the act of accession, mentioning the date

on which it received the notification.

第十三条  Article 13

缔约国的签署、批准或加入本公约时，可以声明其接受本公约并不包括其任何或全部自治领或殖民地、海外属地、保护国或在其主权或权力管辖下的地域；并且可以在此后代表这些声明中未包括的任何自治领或殖民地、海外属地、保护国或地域将分别加入本公约。各缔约国还可以根据本公约的规定，代表其任何自治领或殖民地、海外属地、保护国或其主权或权力管辖下的地域将分别声明退出本公约。

The High Contracting Parties may at the time of signature,

ratification or accession declare that their acceptance of the

prent Convention does not include any or all of the lf-governing

dominions, or of the colonies, overas posssions, protectorates or

territories under their sovereignty or authority, and they may

subquently accede parately on behalf of any lf-governing

dominion, colony, overas posssion, protectorate or territory

excluded in their declaration. They may also denounce the Convention

parately in accordance with its provisions in respect of any lf-governing dominion, or any colony, overas posssion, protectorate

or territory under their sovereignty or authority.

第十四条  Article 14

本公约在首批交存批准书的各国之间，于议定书记载此项交存之日起一年后开始生效。此后批准或加入本公约的各国或根据第十三条规定使公约生效的各国，于此比利时政府收到第十一条第2款及第十二条第2段所指的通知六个月后生效。 The prent Convention shall take effect, in the ca of the States

which have taken part in the first deposit of ratifications, one year

after the date of the protocol recording such deposit.

As respects the States which ratify subquently or which accede, and

also in cas in which the Convention is subquently put into effect

in accordance with Article 13, it shall take effect six months after

the notifications specified in paragraph 2 of Article 11 and

paragraph 2 of Article 12 have been received by the Belgian

Government.

第十五条 Article 15

如有缔约国欲退出本公约，应用书面通知比利时政府，比利时政府立即将核证无误的通知副本分送其他国家，并注明其收到上述通知的日期。

In the event of one of the contracting States wishing to denounce

the prent Convention, the denunciation shall be notified in writing

to the Belgian Government, which shall immediately communicate a duly

certified copy of the notification to all the other States, informing

them of the date on which it was received.

这种退出只对提出通知的国家有效，生效日期从上述通知送达比利时政府之日起一年以后开始。

The denunciation shall only operate in respect of the State which

made the notification, and on the expiry of one year after the

notification has reached the Belgian Government.

第十六条  Article 16

任何一个缔约国都有权就考虑修改本公约事项，请求召开新的会议。

Any one of the contracting States shall have the right to call for a

fresh conference with a view to considering possible amendments.

欲行使此项权利的国家，应通过比利时政府将其意图通知其他国家，由比利时政府安排召开会议事宜。

A State which would exerci this right should notify its

intention to the other States through the Belgian Government, which

would make arrangements for convening the Conference.

一九二四年八月二十五日订于布鲁塞尔，计一份。

DONE at Brusls, in a single copy, August 25th, 1924.

PROTOCOL OF SIGNATURE

At the time of signing the International Convention for the

Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading the

Plenipotentiaries who signatures appear below have adopted this

Protocol, which will have the same force and the same value as if its

provisions were inrted in the text of the Convention to which it

relates.

The High Contracting Parties may give effect to this Convention

either by giving it the force of law or by including in their

national legislation in a form appropriate to that legislation the

rules adopted under this Convention. They may rerve the right:

1. To prescribe that in the cas referred to in paragraph 2(c) to

(p) of Article 4 the holder of a bill of lading shall be entitled to

establish responsibility for loss or damage arising from the personal

fault of the carrier or the fault of his rvants which are not

covered by paragraph (a).

2.  To apply Article 6 in so far as the national coasting trade is

concerned to all class of goods without taking account of the

restriction t out in the last paragraph of that Article.

DONE at Brusls, in single copy, August 25th, 1924.

!海牙--维斯比规则（Visby Rules）

各缔约国考虑到修改一九二四年八月二十五日在布鲁塞尔签订的关于《统一提单的若干法律规则的国际公约》的需要，协议如下：

Protocol to Amend the International Convention for the Unification of

Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading ("Visby Rules")

(Brusls, 23 February 1968)

!THE CONTRACTING PARTIES,

CONSIDERING that it is desirable to amend the International

Convention for the unification of certain rules of law relating to

Bills of Lading, signed at Brusls on 25th August 1924,

HAVE AGREED as follows:

第一条 Article 1

１．在第三条第４款中应增加：“但是，当提单已经转给善意行事的第三者时，与此相反的证据不予接受。”

(1) In Article 3, paragraph 4, shall be added:

"However, proof to the contrary shall not be admissible when the Bill

of Lading has been transferred to a third party acting in good

faith".

２．在第三条第６款中的第４段应改为：“遵照第６款（修改本）的规定，除非从货物交付之日或应交付之日起一年内提出诉讼，承运人和船舶在任何情况下都免除对于货物的任何责任。但是，诉讼事由提出后，如经当事方同意，该期限可以延长”。

(2) In Article 3, paragraph 6, sub-paragraph 4 shall be deleted and

replaced by:

"Subject to paragraph 6bis the carrier and the ship shall in any

event be discharged from all liability whatsoever in respect of the

goods, unless suit is brought within one year of their delivery or of

the date when they should have been delivered. This period may,

however, be extended if the parties so agree after the cau of

action has arin".

３．在第三条的第６款后应增加下列条文作为第６款（修改本）：“即使在前款规定的年限期满后，如果在受理该案的法院的法律准许的时间内，仍可以对第三者提出赔偿诉讼。但是，准许的时间不得少于三个月，自提出这种赔偿诉讼的人已经解决了对他本人的索赔或者从起诉传票送达他本人之日起算。”

(3) In Article 3, after paragraph 6, shall be added the following

paragraph 6bis:

"An action for indemnity against a third person may be brought even

after the expiration of the year provided for in the preceding

paragraph if brought within the time allowed by the law of the Court

ized of the ca. However, the time allowed shall be not less than

three months, commencing from the day when the person bringing such action for indemnity has ttled the claim or has been rved with

process in the action against himlf".

第二条 Article 2

　　第四条的第５款应予删去，并改为下列规定：

“（ａ）除非在装货前，托运人已声明该货物的性质和价值，并载入提单，否则，在任何情况下，承运人或船舶对货物所遭受的或有关的任何灭失或损害，每件或每单位的金额超过１０．０００法郎的部分，或按灭失或损害的货物每公斤毛重超达３０法郎的部分，均不负责任，两者以较高的金额为准。

Article 4, paragraph 5, shall be deleted and replaced by the

following:

"(a) Unless the nature and value of such goods have been declared by

the shipper before shipment and inrted in the Bill of Lading,

neither the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or become

liable for any loss or damage to or in connection with the goods in

an amount exceeding the equivalent of 10,000 francs per package or

unit or 30 francs per kilo of gross weight of the goods lost or

damaged, whichever is the higher.

“（ｂ）全部赔偿金额应参照货物根据契约从船上卸下或应卸下的当地当时的价值计算。

“(b) The total amount recoverable shall be calculated by reference

to the value of such goods at the place and time at which the goods

are discharged from the ship in accordance with the contract or

should have been so discharged.

货物价值应按照商品交易所价格确定，或者如无此种价格时，则按现行市场价格确定，或者如既无商品交易所价格又无现行市场价格时，则参照同类同质货物的正常价值确定。

The value of the goods shall be fixed according to the commodity

exchange price, or, if there be no such price, according to the

current market price, or, if there be no commodity exchange price or

current market price, by reference to the normal value of goods of

the same kind and quality.

“（ｃ）如果货物是用集装箱、托盘或类似的装运器具拼装时，提单中所载明的、装在这种装运器具中的件数或单位数，应视为就本款所指的件数或单位数；除上述情况外，应视为此种装运器具即是件或单位。

“(c) Where a container, pallet or similar article of transport is

ud to consolidate goods, the number of packages or units enumerated

in the Bill of Lading as packed in such article of transport shall be

deemed the number of packages or units for the purpo of this

paragraph as far as the packages or units are concerned. Except as

aforesaid such article of transport shall be considered the package

or unit.

“（ｄ）一个法郎是指一个含有纯度为千分之九百的黄金六十五点五毫克的单位。载决的赔偿数额兑换成国家货币的日期，应由受理该案法院的法律规定。

“(d) A franc means a unit consisting of 65.5 milligrammes of gold of

millesimal fineness 900'. The date of conversion of the sum awarded into national currencies shall be governed by the law of the Court

ized of the ca.

“（ｅ）如经证实损失是由于承运人蓄意造成损失而作出的行为或不行为或明知可能会产生损失但仍不顾后果而作出的行为或不行为产生的，则承运人或船舶无权享受本款所规定的责任限制的利益。

“(e) Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be entitled to the

benefit of the limitation of liability provided for in this paragraph

if it is proved that the damage resulted from an act or omission of

the carrier done with intent to cau damage, or recklessly and with

knowledge that damage would probably result.

“（ｆ）本款（ａ）项所提到的声明，如载入提单时，应作为初步证据，但对承运人不具有约束力或最终效力。

“(f) The declaration mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) of this

paragraph, if embodied in the Bill of Lading, shall be prima facie

evidence, but shall not be binding or conclusive on the carrier.

“（ｇ）承运人、船长或承运人的代理人和托运人之间的协议，可以规定高于本款（ａ）项规定的另外最高金额，但这样规定的最高金额不得低于（ａ）项所列的最高金额。

“(g) By agreement between the carrier, master or agent of the

carrier and the shipper other maximum amounts than tho mentioned in

sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph may be fixed, provided that no

maximum amount so fixed shall be less than the appropriate maximum

mentioned in that sub-paragraph.

“（ｈ）如托运人在提单中，故意谎报货物性质或价值，则在任何情况下，承运人或船舶对货物或与货物有关的灭失或损害概不负责任”。

“(h) Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in any

event for loss or damage to, or in connection with, goods if the

nature or value thereof has been knowingly mis-stated by the shipper

in the Bill of Lading".

第三条 Article 3

在本公约的第四条和第五条之间应插入以下条文作为第四条（修改本）：

Between Articles 4 and 5 of the Convention shall be inrted the

following Article 4bis:

“１．本公约规定的抗辩和责任限制，应适用于就运输合同所涉及的有关货物的灭失或损害对承运人所提起的任何诉讼，不论该诉讼是以合同为根据还是以侵权行为为根据。

"1. The defences and limits of liability provided for in this

Convention shall apply in any action against the carrier in respect

of loss or damage to goods covered by a contract of carriage whether

the action be founded in contract or in tort.

“２．如果这种诉讼是对承运人的雇佣人员或代理人（而该雇佣人员或代理人不是独立的缔约人）提出的，则该雇佣人员或代理人适用按照本公约承运人所可援引的各项答辩和责任限制。 2. If such an action is brought against a rvant or agent of the

carrier (such rvant or agent not being an independent contractor),

such rvant or agent shall be entitled to avail himlf of the

defences and limits of liability which the carrier is entitled to

invoke under this Convention.

“３．从承运人及其雇佣人员和代理人得到的赔偿总额，在任何情况下都不得超过本公约规定的限制。

3. The aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier, and

such rvants and agents, shall in no ca exceed the limit provided

for in this Convention.

“４．但是，如经证实，损失是由于该雇佣人员或代理人蓄意造成损失而作出的行为或不行为，或明知可能会产生损失，但仍不在意而作出的行为或不行为产生的，则该承运人的雇佣人员或代理人不得适用本条的各项规定”。

4. Nevertheless, a rvant or agent of the carrier shall not be

entitled to avail himlf of the provisions of this Article, if it is

proved that the damage resulted from an act or omission of the

rvant or agent done with intent to cau damage or recklessly and

with knowledge that damage would probably result".

第四条 Article 4

　　本公约的第九条应改为下列规定：

“本公约不应影响任何国际公约或国内法有关对核能损害责任的各项规定”。

Article 9 of the Convention shall be deleted and replaced by the

following:

"This Convention shall not affect the provisions of any international

Convention or national law governing liability for nuclear damage".

第五条 Article 5

本公约的第十条应改为下列规定：

Article 10 of the Convention shall be deleted and replaced by the

following:

“本公约各项规定应适用于两个不同国家的港口之间有关的货物运输的每一份提单，如果：

"The provisions of this Convention shall apply to every Bill of

Lading relating to the carriage of goods between ports in two

different States if:

“（ａ）提单在一个缔约国签发，或

(a) the Bill of Lading is issued in a Contracting State,

or

（ｂ）从一个缔约国的港口起运，或

(b) the carriage is from a port in a Contracting State,

or （ｃ）提单载有的或由提单证明的契约的规定，该契约应受本公约的各项规则约束或应受本公约生效的任何国家的立法约束，不论船舶、承运人、托运人、收货人或任何其他有关人的国籍如何。

(c) the contract contained in or evidenced by the Bill of Lading

provides that the rules of this Convention or legislation of any

State giving effect to them are to govern the contract whatever may

be the nationality of the ship, the carrier, the shipper, the

consignee, or any other interested person.

“每个缔约国应将本公约的各项规定适用于上述提单。

Each Contracting State shall apply the provisions of this Convention

to the Bills of Lading mentioned above.

“本条不应妨碍缔约国将本公约的各项规定适用于不包括在前款中的提单”。

This Article shall not prevent a Contracting State from applying the

rules of this Convention to Bills of Lading not included in the

preceding paragraphs".

第六条 Article 6

在本议定书的各缔约国之间，本公约与议定书应作为一个文件，结合起来阅读和解释。

As between the Parties to this Protocol the Convention and the

Protocol shall be read and interpreted together as one single

instrument.

本议定书的各缔约国没有义务将本议定书的各项规定适用于虽为本公约缔约国、但不是本议定书缔约国所签发的提单。

A Party to this Protocol shall have no duty to apply the provisions

of this Protocol to Bills of Lading issued in a State which is a

Party to the Convention but which is not a Party to this Protocol.

第七条 Article 7

在本议定书的各缔约国之间，任何一国按公约第十五条规定退出本公约，不能解释为退出经本议定书修订的本公约。

As between the Parties to this Protocol, denunciation by any of them

of the Convention in accordance with Article 15 thereof, shall not be

construed in any way as a denunciation of the Convention as amended

by this Protocol.

第八条 Article 8

两个或两个以上缔约国就本公约的解释和适用发生争议，而未能通过协商解决时，应根据其中一方的请求提交仲裁。如在提请仲裁之日起六个月内，各方不能对促裁的组成取得一致意见时，则其中任何一方可以按照国际法庭条例将纠纷提交国际法庭。

Any dispute between two or more Contracting Parties concerning the

interpretation or application of the Convention which cannot be

ttled through negotiation, shall, at the request of one of them, be

submitted to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the

request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the

organization of the arbitration, any one of tho Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in

conformity with the Statute of the Court.

第九条 Article 9

１．每一缔约国在签字或批准本议定书或加入本议定书时，可以声明不受本议定书第八条的约束。其他缔约国对作出这一保留的任何缔约国之间的关系上应不受该条的约束。

(1) Each Contracting Party may at the time of signature or

ratification of this Protocol or accession thereto, declare that it

does not consider itlf bound by Article 8 of this Protocol. The

other Contracting Parties shall not be bound by this Article with

respect to any Contracting Party having made such a rervation.

２．根据第１款，作出保留的任何缔约国可在任何时候通知比利时政府撤销此保留。

(2) Any Contracting Party having made a rervation in accordance

with paragraph 1 may at any time withdraw this rervation by

notification to the Belgian Government.

第十条 Article 10

本议定书对批准本公约的，或在一九六八年二月二十三日前加入本公约的，以及出席海上法外交会议第十二次会议（一九六七--一九六八年）的任何国家开放以供签字。

This Protocol shall be open for signature by the States which have

ratified the Convention or which have adhered thereto before the 23rd

February 1968, and by any State reprented at the twelfth ssion

(1967-1968) of the Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Law.

第十一条 Article 11

１．本议定书须经批准。

(1) This Protocol shall be ratified.

２．任何非本公约缔约国的国家所提交的本议定书的批准书，具有加入本公约的效力。

(2) Ratification of this Protocol by any State which is not a Party

to the Convention shall have the effect of accession to the

Convention.

３．批准的文件应交存比利时政府。

(3) The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the

Belgian Government.

第十二条 Article 12

１．未出席海上法外交会议第十二次会议的联合国成员国或联合国各专门机构成员国，可加入本议定书。

(1) States, Members of the United Nations or Members of the

specialized agencies of the United Nations, not reprented at the

twelfth ssion of the Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Law, may

accede to this Protocol.

２．加入本议定书，具有加入本公约的效力。 (2) Accession to this Protocol shall have the effect of accession to

the Convention.

３．加入的文件应交存比利时政府。

(3) The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Belgian

Government.

第十三条 Article 13

１．在收到十份批准书或加入文件之日后三个月，本议定书生效，但其中至少应有五个交存批准书的国家是各拥有相当于或超过一百万总吨船舶的国家。

(1) This Protocol shall come into force three months after the date

of the deposit of ten instruments of ratification or accession, of

which at least five shall have been deposited by States that have

each a tonnage equal or superior to one million gross tons of

tonnage.

２．按照本条第１款规定，交存使本议定书生效所需的批准或加入文件之日以后的批准或加入本议定书的每一个国家，本议定书在其交存批准或加入文件之后三个月生效。

(2) For each State which ratifies this Protocol or accedes thereto

after the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification or

accession determining the coming into force such as is stipulated in

paragraph (1) of this Article, this Protocol shall come into force

three months after the deposit of its instrument of ratification or

accession.

第十四条 Article 14

１．任何缔约国可以通知比利时政府退出本议定书。

(1) Any Contracting State may denounce this Protocol by notification

to the Belgian Government.

２．此项退出通知具有退出本公约的效力。

(2) This denunciation shall have the effect of denunciation of the

Convention.

３．此项退出通知在比利时政府收到该通知之日后一年生效。

(3) The denunciation shall take effect one year after the date on

which the notification has been received by the Belgian Government.

第十五条 Article 15

1.任何缔约国在签署、批准或加入本议定书时，或在此后的任何时候，可用书面通知比利时政府，声明在该国的主权管辖下的地域或在由该国负责其国际关系的地域中，哪些地域适用本议定书。

(1) Any Contracting State may at the time of signature, ratification

or accession or at any time thereafter declare by written

notification to the Belgian Government which among the territories

under its sovereignty or for who international relations it is

responsible, are tho to which the prent Protocol applies. 在比利时政府收到该通知之日后三个月，本议定书的适用范围即扩大到通知书所列明的地域，但在本议定书对该缔约国生效之日以前则不适用。

The Protocol shall three months after the date of the receipt of such

notification by the Belgian Government extend to the territories

named therein, but not before the date of the coming into force of

the Protocol in respect of such State.

２．如果这些地域尚未适用本公约，则此种扩大也适用于本公约。

(2) This extension also shall apply to the Convention if the latter

is not yet applicable to tho territories.

３．根据本条第１款作出声明的任何缔约国，可在此后的任何时候通知比利时政府，声明本议定书停止扩大适用到该地域。此项退出应在比利时政府收到退出通知之日后一年生效；此项退出也应适用本公约。

(3) Any Contracting State which has made a declaration under

paragraph (1) of this Article may at any time thereafter declare by

notification given to the Belgian Government that the Protocol shall

cea to extend to such territory. This denunciation shall take

effect one year after the date on which notification thereof has been

received by the Belgian Government; it also shall apply to the

Convention.

第十六条 Article 16

各缔约国可以采用下述方法使本议定书生效：赋以法律效力，或以适合于国内立法的形式在国内立法中订入本议定书所采用的各种规则。

The Contracting Parties may give effect to this Protocol either by

giving it the force of law or by including in their national

legislation in a form appropriate to that legislation the rules

adopted under this Protocol.

第十七条 Article 17

比利时政府应将下列事项通知出席海上法外交会议第十二次会议（一九六七-一九六八年）的各国，本议定书各加入国及本公约的各缔约国：

The Belgian Government shall notify the States reprented at the

twelfth ssion (1967-1968) of the Diplomatic Conference on Maritime

Law, the acceding States to this Protocol, and the States Parties to

the Convention, of the following:

　　 １．根据第十条、第十一条和第十二条所收到的签署、批准和加入的文件；

1. The signatures, ratifications and accessions received in

accordance with Articles 10, 11 and 12.

　　 ２．根据第十三条，本议定书将生效的日期；

2. The date on which the prent Protocol will come into force in

accordance with Article 13.

　　 ３．根据第十五条，关于适用地域的通知；

3. The notifications with regard to the territorial application in

accordance with Article 15. 　　 ４．根据第十四条所收到的退出通知。

4. The denunciations received in accordance with Article 14.

下列全权代表，经正式授权，已在本议定书上签字，以资证明。

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, duly

authorized, have signed this Protocol.

一九六八年二月二十三日订于布鲁塞尔，共一份，每份都用法文和英文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。本议定书交存于比利时政府档案库，并由比利时政府分发核证无误的本议定书副本。

DONE at Brusls, this 23rd day of February 1968, in the French and

English languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single

copy, which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Belgian

Government, which shall issue certified copies.

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