超实用高考英语复习:重难点02 阅读七选五之说明文 (教师版)

2023年12月11日发(作者：教学设计格式)

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重难点02-2阅读七选五之说明文-高考英语

【热点·重点·难点】专练

(新高考专用)

距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！

养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

年

份

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类

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别

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说明文

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如何寻找健身的伙伴

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写文章的技巧

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外出就餐的注意事项

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五种维系异地友谊的方法

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新高考

II卷

2021年

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全国卷

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在晚会上受人关注的方法

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处理旧衣物的方法

说明文

提高阅读速度的建议

记叙文

体验巴黎当地的生活

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从以上统计看，两年高考阅读七选五命题以说明文体裁为最，共7篇，记叙文体裁的只考了一篇，而其他体裁则没有涉及。就体裁方面而言，笔者以为2023年的高考仍将以说明文为主，记叙文为辅或者就考记叙文。考议论文体裁的大概率比较小，因为对于考生来说解题难度会成倍加大。

典型结构说明文常用“总分(总)”式文本结构，由总体说明、分别说明和总结三部分构成，这类说明文语篇多以方法、技巧、建议为内容，说明如何做事。文章白首段往往做出总体说明，在引入文章的主题后明确说明的维度(或角度)，对全文起统领作用；接下来文章会用若干个段落，按首段中提出维度分别进行说明，各分别说明段落之间构成并列关系，甚至段落内部结构都有高度的一致性，即每段围绕某一方面展开说明，段落主旨句通常位于句首，说明的方法有举例子、分类别、作比较、列数字、下定义、作诠释、打比方、引资料等，有时段尾还有一个总结性的句子；文章结尾用一个段落对整个文章进行总结，与文章的首段相呼应，但很多短小的说明文没有结尾的总结性段落。历年英语高考“七选五”阅读理解说明文多采用“总分”式结构，大多无总结性段落。

理清语篇文本结构、说明方法和逻辑关系是解答典型结构说明文类“七选五”阅读理解试题的关键。在解题时，首先要快速浏览全文，通过首段明确文章的说明对象；其次要理清语篇文本结构，弄清各个段落之间的关系。如果文章有总标题、小标题、突出字体的主旨句、项目符等信息时，要充分利用这些信息；最后在整体理解的基础上，细读各个段落，理清段落内部结构和各句子间的逻辑关系，同时留意语篇文本采用的说明方法，根据设空位置判断考点，结合上下文内容，利用相关解题技巧(参看本系列资料的《重难点02-1阅读七选五之设空剖析》)筛选答案。

作为对《重难点02-1阅读七选五之设空剖析》中所列举的满分技巧的补充，这里再列举一个解题的抓手来确定答案：利用词汇线索。

1.代词线索：英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

2.同义词/近义词线索：英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。

3.上下义词/同一范畴词线索：上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。

【经典考例1】(引用原题号，以下同)

(2022·全国甲卷节选)

Important Things to Know When Dining Out

...

Chopstick Rules

The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down

between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.

___37___.

…

Making Requests

___39___. In Portugal, this would be a rious mistake, becau it shows the chef that you don’t like their

asoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra chee to add to your food.

A. The more friends you make in your lifetime

B. The more time you spend in any given country

C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils

D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant

E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate

F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you u them

G. It may em like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal

37.【答案】F

【解析】根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you

put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the

table in front of you. (当你在吃东西的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never

stick them upright in your food or cross them as you u them (不要把它们竖着插在食物上，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”和上句中的them都是指代段首句的“chopsticks”，故选F。

39.【答案】G

【解析】根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，段首句要讲的是用餐时提请求的问题。G项“It may em

like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”与段落小标题是关键词的复现，根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a rious

mistake, becau it shows the chef that you don’t like their asoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never

ask for extra chee to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。下文中的this和it都是代指G项中的to ask for salt and

pepper at a meal，故选G。

【经典考例2】

(2022·新课标II卷节选)

...

The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revision.

___39___ As a result, the writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块)of their draft and writing

revisions in the blank space. After you have revid your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can

enter your changes into your word processor. ___40___ The resulting blank space invites you to revi.

A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.

B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.

C. The cond draft of the essay should be better.

D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.

E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.

F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revi.

G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again tting your text on triple-space.

39.【答案】F

【解析】空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for

revision.(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning

writers don’t leave enough space to revi.(许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revi”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“the writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。

40.【答案】

【解析】空前说“After you have revid your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter

your changes into your word processor.(当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revi.(由此产生的空白允许您修改)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again tting your text on triple-space.(然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。

【经典考例3】

(2015·新课标I卷节选)___39___ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But

there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives,

we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

to really trust yourlf.

is putting confidence in someone.

regarding yourlf as the victim.

er that you can expect the best in return.

’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

39.【答案】C

【解析】要求选段落主题句。本段结构：总(总领)—分(细说)。空后句三次出现victim一词，七个选项中只有选项C中有victim，原词复现。根据后文If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your

circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.可知，如果你被背叛了，那么你是一个受害者。然而是受害者与以受害者的心态活着是有区别的。所以此段主要在说不要认为自己是受害者，C项：Stop regarding yourlf as the victim.(别把自己当成受害者)符合文意，故选C。

【经典考例4】

(2014·新课标I卷节选)Your children need to be deeply curious. ___37___ Ask kids, “What

ingredients(配料)can we add to make the pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. Did tho

ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can’t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?

E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

37.【答案】A 【解析】与空后句中的ingredients(配料)，pancakes(薄煎饼)可能同时出现的，只有选项A中的cook。

根据Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料)can we add to make the pancakes even better next time” and

then try them out.可知，下文叙述的是做煎饼时添加什么配料会更好，所以上句应该鼓励孩子和你一起做饭。A项：Encourage kids to cook with you.(鼓励孩子们和你一起做饭)符合语境，故选A。

【经典考例5】解题全程演示

我们以“2022·新课标I卷”为例试图演示一下完整的解题过程，供考生平时练习时参考。

(2022·新课标I卷)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout

Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while

another read: “ ___36___ ” With a workout partner, you will increa your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙)competition.

So, how do you find a workout partner?

First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to

move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercis you would like to do with your workout partner.

You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a

uful respon. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training

she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each ssion, and her age. It

also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___

You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your

partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core(核心)of your

relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.

A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

B. A workout partner usually needs to live clo by.

C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone el.

D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?

E. How can you write a good “eking training partner” notice?

F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.

一、审题“六关注”

审题包括：读原文和看选项。

1.关注体裁结构

本文为说明文，总分总结构。

2.关注主旨大意

本文介绍了有健身搭档的益处和如何找到一个好的健身搭档。 3.关注首段首句

段落首段多起到引入话题和引起下文的作用；段落首句多为段落的主题句。尽可能多的记住文章的主要信息：本文第一段引入话题，是有关有健身伙伴的益处，第二段利用一个问句引起下文，第三段的首句是主题句，是有关决定你想从你的搭档身上得到什么。第四，五段是有关在哪里，用什么方式寻找健身搭档，最后一段是文章的总结，是有关你和你的搭档都有着不同的技能，会起到互相帮助的作用。

4.关注设空位置

36, 37, 38, 40都处在段落的中间，一般来说，在此位置的选项起到承上启下的作用，需要关注空格前一句和后一句的内容。39处于段落的末尾，一般末尾句起到总结全段内容或承接上文的作用。

5.关注空格前后

标画出关联词，特别是各种表逻辑关系的连词，代词；关注空格前后的句式结构。

例如：36题前，One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”

while another read: “___36___”，其中one…another(一个……另一个)，前后肯定有关联，而且后面都为直接引语，句式结构可能相同或相似。同时标画出代词you，36题中主语也应该是you，而且是另一个原因。

37空后面标画出or，or为并列连词，说明前后为并列关系，在语义上构成选择关系；or后是一般疑问句，那37空有很大可能也是一般疑问句。

6.关注七个选项

快速阅读七个选项，并标画出关键词，特别是代词，连词，同时注意选项的句式结构。

meeting, awkward, your

B. workout partner, live clo

, work harder, train with someone el

D. you, be a better athlete, favorite sport, 标画出问号

E. write , “eking training partner” notice, you, 标画出问号

F. accept your differences, work with each other

, include such information(其中such指代前文提到的内容，很关键)

二、解题“讲技巧”

36.【答案】C

【解析】根据文中“one…another(一个……另一个)”判断前后肯定有关联，而且后面都为直接引语，句式结构可能相同或相似。根据上句“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at

the gym,(如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼)”我们会发现C选项句子结构、主语“you”都与之匹配。再结合后文“With a workout partner, you will increa your training effort as there is a

subtle competition.(有一个锻炼伙伴，你将会努力训练，因为你们之间有一个微妙的竞争)”进行验证，可知，空格处应该陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。选项C中的“train with someone el”与后文的“With a workout partner”相对应，选项C“You’ll work harder if you train with someone

el.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力)”符合语义，故选C项。

37.【答案】D

【解析】or为并列连词，说明前后为并列关系，在语义上构成选择关系；or后是一般疑问句，那本空空有很大可能也是一般疑问句(如果考生不愿细致考虑，就可以秒杀答案)。根据前文“First of all,

decide what you want from that person.(首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么)”和后文“Or do you

just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的，故空处与后文是选择关系，你要知道你锻炼是为了什么。所以选项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your

favorite sport?(你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗)”与后文在语义上构成选择关系，故选D项。

38.【答案】B

【解析】根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably

won't result in a uful respon.(你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same

gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。选项B中的“live clo by”与后文的“belong to the same gym”相对应，故选B项。

39.【答案】G

【解析】本空处于段落的末尾，可能起总结全段内容或承接上文的作用。根据前文“My partner posted her

request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do,

how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each ssion, and her age. It also

listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.(我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选项G“Any

notice for a training partner should include such information.(任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息)”(其中such指代前文提到的内容)是对上文内容的总结，故选G项。

40.【答案】F

【解析】根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills.(你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you

will become more physically fit. The core(核心)of your relationship is that you will always be there to

help each other. (久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。你们关系的核心是你们永远在一起互相帮助)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。选项F中的“differences”对应前文的“different skills”，选项中的“work with each other”对应后文的“be there to help each other”，故选项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

(接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作)”起到承上启下的作用，故选F项。

(题目序号仿新高考)

每篇答题时间不超过8分钟

Passage 1

(2022·全国高三专题练)Time management is an important skill to cultivate. It can help you make the most

out of each day, leading to success in areas like work and school. ___36___.

 Create the right environment to work. The environment you work in can help with your overall productivity.

There are no strict rules about a work environment, so pick what feels right for you. ___37___. The feelings will

help you stay on task and be productive.

 List your tasks in terms of importance. ___38___, but organize them a little rather than just writing down

everything that needs to get done. Group tasks in terms of importance. For example, tasks labeled “urgent” must be

done today. Tasks labeled “important, but not urgent” are important to do, but can wait. Tasks with labels like

“low-priority” can be put off if necessary.

___39___. Finishing crucial tasks in the morning will leave you with a n of accomplishment. The day will

already feel like a success and a great deal of your stress will be relieved. Start off each day by knocking out the

most important tasks on your list.

 Do not multitask. Many people assume multitasking is a great way to get more done each day and manage

time wily. However, focusing on multiple tasks at once actually makes you less productive ___40___. Focus

completely on one task at a time instead. You will get your work done quicker this way, allowing you to make the

most of your time.

A. Return all your emails

B. Do important tasks first

C. To-do lists are a great tool

D. Things will take longer to do, as you’re not giving anything your full attention

E. If you can choo a particular space to work, choo a space free of distractions

F. Surround yourlf with inspiring decorations that help you feel enthusiastic and passionate

G. To manage your time, u your time productively by working in the right environment and prioritizing tasks

【答案】GFCBD

【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了时间管理是一项重要技能和高效管理时间的策略。

36.【答案】G

【解析】首段“Time management is an important skill to cultivate.(时间管理是一项需要培养的重要技能)”讲到时间管理的话题，再根据第二段小标题“Create the right environment to work.(创造合适的工作环境)”、第三段小标题“List your tasks in terms of importance.(按重要性列出你的任务)”和第四段小标题“Do not multitask.(不要同时处理很多事务)”可知，本文的主题通过创造合适的工作环境和优化任务安排来管理时间，G项“To manage your time, u your time productively by working in the right

environment and prioritizing tasks(要想管理好你的时间，就要在合适的工作环境中高效地利用你的时间，并将任务按优先顺序排列)”是中心句，承上启下，故选G项。

37.【答案】F

【解析】根据下文“The feelings will help you stay on task and be productive.(这些感觉会帮助你专注于任务并提高效率)”和指代关系可知，设空句中应出现“The feelings”的指代对象，G项“Surround

yourlf with inspiring decorations that help you feel enthusiastic and passionate(让你的周围布满鼓舞人心的装饰，这会让你充满热情和激情)”中“enthusiastic and passionate”即下文“The feelings”指代内容，且“Surround yourlf with inspiring decorations”与小标题中“the right environment”相照应，故选F项。

38.【答案】C

【解析】根据下文“but organize them a little rather than just writing down everything that needs to get done.(但是要把它们稍微整理一下，而不是把需要做的每件事都写下来就行了)”和指代关系可知，设空句中应出现指示代词“them”的指代对象，C 项“To-do lists are a great tool(待办事项清单是一个很好的工具)”中“To-do lists”即下文“them”指代对象，且与下文“just writing down everything that needs

to get done.”语义相关连，故选C项。

39.【答案】B

【解析】设空句是段落小标题。根据段中“Finishing crucial tasks in the morning will leave you with a n of

accomplishment.(早上完成重要的任务会给你带来一种成就感)”和“Start off each day by knocking

out the most important tasks on your list.(每天开始把清单上最重要的任务完成)”可知，本段是讲每天先完成重要的任务，故选B项。

40.【答案】D

【解析】上文“However, focusing on multiple tasks at once actually makes you less productive.(然而，同时专注于多项任务实际上会降低你的效率)”说试图同时做完成多项任务反而会降低效率，D项“Things

will take longer to do, as you’re not giving anything your full attention(因为你没有专注于任何事情，你会花更长的时间去做这些事情)”解释了原因：因为不够专注，所以花的时间更多，效率了降低，与上文构成因果关系，故选D项。

Passage 2

(2022·四川德阳二模)When talking to people about climate change, you might always get asked the question:

What can you do to help as a consumer? Here are some specific steps you can take:

Sign up for a green pricing program with your electric utility. Some utility companies allow homes and

business to pay extra for power from clean sources. When you participate in the programs, you’re telling your

utility company that you’re willing to pay more to address climate. ___36___Without that demand signal, the innovations that governments and business invest in will stay in the shelf.

___37___Depending on how much money and time you can spare, you can replace your incandescent light

bulbs with LEDs, install a smart thermostat, insulate your windows, buy efficient appliances, or replace your

heating and cooling system with a heat pump.

Buy an electric vehicle (EV). EVs have come a long way in terms of cost and performance. Although they

might not be right for everyone, they’re becoming more affordable for many consumers. ___38___ People buy lots

of them, companies will make lots of them.

___39___. Veggie burgers haven’t always tasted great. However, the new generation of plant-bad protein

alternatives is better and clor to the taste and texture of meat than their predecessors. ___40___. In addition,

eating a meat substitute just once or twice a week will cut down on the e-missions you’re responsible for. The same

goes for dairy products.

A. That’s cost-effective.

B. Try a plant-bad burger.

C. Reduce your home’s emissions.

D. That’s an important market signal.

E. EVs are friendly to environment and easy to drive.

F. You can find them in many restaurants and grocery stores.

G. This is where consumers’ behavior can have a huge impact.

【答案】DCGBF

【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些消费者也可以帮助应对气候变化的措施。

36.【答案】D

【解析】根据上文“When you participate in the programs, you’re telling your utility company that you're

willing to pay more to address climate.(当你参与这些项目时，你就是在告诉你的公用事业公司，你愿意花更多的钱来解决气候问题)”以及后文“Without that demand signal, the innovations that

governments and business invest in will stay in the shelf.(如果没有需求信号，政府和企业投资的创新将被束之高阁)”可知，后文提到了需求信号，可知本句是在说明把上文参与这些项目看作一个信号，D选项中signal对应后文中signal，故选D项“这是一个重要的市场信号”。

37.【答案】C

【解析】根据后文“Depending on how much money and time you can spare, you can replace your

incandescent light bulbs with LEDs, install a smart thermostat, insulate your windows, buy efficient

appliances, or replace your heating and cooling system with a heat pump.(取决于你能节省多少钱和时间，你可以用LED灯替换白炽灯，安装智能恒温器，给窗户隔热，购买高效电器，或者用热泵替换供暖和制冷系统)”可知，后文列举了一系列给家里减排的方法，故选C项“减少你家的排放量”。

38.【答案】G

【解析】根据上文“Buy an electric vehicle (EV). EVs have come a long way in terms of cost and performance. Although they might not be right for everyone, they’re becoming more affordable for many

consumers.(购买电动汽车。电动汽车在成本和性能方面已经取得了长足的进步。虽然它们可能不适合所有人，但对许多消费者来说，它们正变得越来越买得起)”以及后文“People buy lots of them,

companies will make lots of them.(人们大量购买，公司也会大量生产)”可知，上文提到对许多消费者来说，电动汽车正变得越来越买得起，后文提到人们大量购买，公司也会大量生产，可见消费者的行为可以对生产产生影响，故选G选项“这就是消费者行为可以产生巨大影响的地方”。

39.【答案】B

【解析】根据后文“Veggie burgers haven’t always tasted great.(素食汉堡并不总是美味的)”可知，本段主要说明的是素食汉堡，B选项中plant-bad burger对应后文中Veggie burgers，故选B项“尝试植物汉堡”。

40.【答案】F

【解析】 根据上文“However, the new generation of plant-bad protein alternatives is better and clor to the

taste and texture of meat than their predecessors.(然而，新一代的植物性蛋白质替代品比它们的前辈更好，更接近肉类的味道和质地)”可知，上文提到了新一代的植物性蛋白质的特性，故本句承接上文继续说明如何买到这些东西，故选F项“你可以在许多餐馆和杂货店买到”。

Passage 3

(2022·全国高三专题练)Saying no to the right things will help you prioritize(优先处理)high-benefit activities,

avoiding excessive stress, and reducing the risk of failing to meet your responsibilities. So,it’s better to get into the

habit of considering what invitations to say yes to and what to say no to. ___36___.

Start by asking yourlf questions to measure the potential benefits: ___37___? What is the likelihood that it

will create more beneficial opportunities in the future? How important is this activity to me personally? Or, will this

bring me joy?

___38___ How much of my time will it really take? How much time does my schedule have available around

when this activity would take place? Will saying yes mean I can't say yes to something el that's important to me?

Will saying yes steal time away from my personal life?

Will this activity cost money? How much stress will the activity cau me? Finally, would I suffer bad effects

if I said no?

When you're done, carefully examine the advantages and disadvantages. If your analysis suggests that the

activity would result in many benefits and few costs, then that should be a top candidate for a yes respon.

___39___, even if they are low-cost as well. In our experience, it's the high-benefit, high-cost activities that require

the most careful consideration. ___40___, which isn't always easy-especially if your answer is no. Figuring out

how to give an honest respon can help avoid over commitment and time spent on low-benefit activities.

A. How much will I learn

B. Could you give this prentation

C. The next step is making a respon

D. Then ask yourlf questions to estimate the possible costs E. You can achieve it by making an informal cost-benefit analysis

F. We encourage you to do three things to improve your“no”abilities

G. On the contrary, low-benefit activities might be given a straight no

【答案】E ADGC

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文告诉我们对正确的事情说“不”将帮助你优先安排高收益的活动，避免过度的压力，并减少无法履行职责的风险。所以，最好养成习惯，考虑对什么邀请说“是”，对什么邀请说“不”。

36.【答案】E

【解析】设空处起承上启下的作用。 E项中的it指上一句中的“the habit of considering what invitations to say

yes to and what to say no to(对什么邀请说“是”，对什么邀请说“不”的习惯)”，同时，下文第二段中“Start by asking yourlf questions to measure the potential benefits:(首先问自己一些问题来衡量潜在的好处:)”和第三段中“How much of my time will it really take?(我到底要花多少时间)”就是E项中提到的cost-benefit- analysis(成本效益分析)，故选E。

37.【答案】A

【解析】设空处和其后的一系列问句是并列关系，故空格处是一个问句，结合选项可知选项 much

will I learn(我能学到多少)是一个问句，且与于前面提到的potential benefits(潜在效益)相对应，故选A。

38.【答案】D

【解析】设空处统领该空后的所有问题。后面的一系列问句均是对潜在的代价的探讨；结合选项可知选项 ask yourlf questions to estimate the possible costs(然后问自己一些问题来估算可能的成本)中的Then承接上一段的Start，且统领空后的问题，故选D。

39.【答案】G

【解析】根据上文“If your analysis suggests that the activity would result in many benefits and few costs, then

that should be a top candidate for a yes respon.(如果您的分析表明，该活动将带来许多好处和很少的成本，那么这应该是一个最佳的候选人，以yes回应)”及下文“ even if they are low-cost as well.

In our experience, it's the high-benefit, high-cost activities that require the most careful

consideration.(即使它们的成本也很低。根据我们的经验，高收益、高成本的活动需要最谨慎的考虑)”的句意可推断出设空处与上一句是对比关系。结合选项可知选项G. On the contrary,

low-benefit activities might be given a straight no(相反，低效益的活动可能会被直接拒绝)与上述分析一致，且选项G中的low-benefit对照前面一句中的many benefits and few costs，G项中的no对照前一句中的yes，故选G。

40.【答案】C

【解析】设空处承接上文。上文“even if they are low-cost as well. In our experience, it's the high-benefit,

high-cost activities that require the most careful consideration.(即使它们的成本也很低。根据我们的经验，高收益、高成本的活动需要最谨慎的考虑)”主要介绍了哪些事情应该需要慎重考虑，结合选项可知选项 next step is making a respon(下一步是做出回应)衔接上文自然。另外，C项中的respon在下文中“ Figuring out how to give an honest respon can help avoid over

commitment and time spent on low-benefit activities.(弄清楚如何给出一个诚实的回答可以帮助避免过度承诺和把时间花在低效益的活动上)”有复现，故选C。

Passage 4

(2022·福建厦门大学附属科技中学高三期中)Technology is here to stay. ___1___. However, they are often

unsure on how to help children u technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time.

Here are some tips.

Have a device contract

Having a device usage contract allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology

usage looks like in your family and ensure that everyone is aware. ___2___. Kids are more likely to make n of

the reasons you have for restriction.

___3___

Although this tip ems like common n, it is often difficult due to the demand of work and the expectation

of being constantly connected. By ensuring you build offline time into your own day and communicate that with

your children, they will e the value and benefits. Whether you are reading a book or just taking a walk, letting

your children be aware of your offline actions will encourage them to do the same!

Encourage non-tech activities

One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time.

___4___. The activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence.

Tech-free family time

Once a week, pencil-in a “tech-free family time” in your schedule. It can be a meal or trip. To help increa the

success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same

as a photo you have found online. ___5___

A. Model good technology u

B. Communicate with children

C. A little extra planning goes a long way

D. The contract is helpful to the ttlement of conflicts

E. Parents are eing more technology in their homes and jobs

F. Also, drafting the contract together promotes understanding

G. This can come in a variety of forms: soccer, fencing and more

【答案】EFAG C

【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。作者就家长如何帮助孩子负责任地使用技术，并在在线和离线时间之间保持平衡，提了几个建议。

36.【答案】E 【解析】本段小标题“Technology is here to stay”提到了技术无处不在。下文中的“However, they are often

unsure on how to help children u technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and

offline time.(然而，他们往往不确定如何帮助孩子负责任地使用技术，并在在线和离线时间之间保持平衡)”提到家长们不确定如何帮孩子，E选项“Parents are eing more technology in their

homes and jobs(家长们在家里和工作上看到更多的技术)”和下文一致，下文中的代词“they”指代的就是“Parents”。

37.【答案】F

【解析】本段小标题是“Have a device contract(签订设备合同)”，上文“Having a device usage contract allows

parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and

ensure that everyone is aware.(签订设备使用合同可以让父母和孩子了解家庭中负责任的技术使用情况，并确保每个人都知道)”是签订合同的好处之一。F选项“Also, drafting the contract together

promotes understanding(此外，共同起草合同可以促进理解)”和上文是递进关系。

38.【答案】A

【解析】下文中的“By ensuring you build offline time into your own day and communicate that with your

children, they will e the value and benefits. Whether you are reading a book or just taking a walk,

letting your children be aware of your offline actions will encourage them to do the same!(通过确保你将离线时间融入自己的一天，并与你的孩子沟通，他们将看到其价值和好处。无论你是在看书还是只是散步，让你的孩子知道你的离线行为都会鼓励他们也这么做！)”可知，本段是在说父母给孩子展示技术在工作和生活中的应用。A选项“Model good technology u(示范良好的技术使用)”能概括本段，作为小标题。

39.【答案】G

【解析】本段小标题是“Encourage non-tech activities(鼓励非科技活动)”，上文“One great way to keep kids off

their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time.(让孩子远离屏幕的一个好方法是确保他们有其他活动来打发时间)”提到让孩子远离屏幕的活动，G选项“This can come in a

variety of forms: soccer, fencing and more(这可以有多种形式：足球，击剑和更多)”是一些具体的例子，意思和前文一致。

40.【答案】C

【解析】本段小标题是“Tech-free family time(无科技家庭时间)”，前文“To help increa the success of outings,

try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a

photo you have found online.(为了提高郊游的成功率，可以尝试设计一些特别的活动，比如去海滩建造一座看起来和你在网上找到的照片一样的沙堡)”是说明在无科技家庭时间中父母的一些计划安排。C选项“A little extra planning goes a long way(一点额外的计划会大有帮助)”符合语境。

高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

一、备考策略务必精准

高三备考的不同阶段，目标和任务各不相同，就像打仗一样，攻克不同的山头有不同的打法，只有抓住要领，才能打赢主动仗。一是细化“作战地图”。从现在到一模考试前，主要任务是过课本、串教材，把基础知识再夯实，为专题复习奠定坚实基础。各学科组教师要认真学习新课程、新课标、《中国考试评价体系及说明》和近三年高考原题，把高考考点和试题变化点做成“作战地图”，平时考试、练习要对照“作战地图”进行选题，并在“作战地图”上一一标注，确保考点训练无死角、考点覆盖无遗漏。二是组织集体攻坚。发挥学科组集体备考的优势，学科组内任务分解、责任到人，每次考试变式训练的预测由组长把关。学科组坚持“一课一研”、“一考一研”，新老教师步调一致，节奏有序，充分发挥分工协作的集体教研智慧。三是找准学科增分点。认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。英语的阅读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口。

二、课堂教学务必高效。课堂是教育教学是主阵地。高三年级教学时间紧，教学任务重，更要切实发挥课堂40分钟的作用。一是上好微专题课。春节前后，一轮复习进入后期，学生不会的知识点逐步浮出水面。这些薄弱知识点如果解决不好，将直接影响到二轮复习的效果。高三年级要围绕浮现出来的问题，上好微专题或微微专题课，针对某一个点或几个点精讲、讲透，触类旁通。微专题课怎么上？可以针对学生不会的问题，每节课重点解决1-2个知识点，专题强调，专点训练，不贪多，顺一个点“追祖宗八代”，剖析透!微微专题，则更精、更准、更小、更有效，可以一节课只讲一道题，但是要把这一道题挖深、挖透，讲透一个会一类，做会一题能举一反三。二是上好试卷讲评课。试卷讲评课是高三的主打课型，必须切实收到实效。首先，要精确掌握考情。考试不过夜，打铁要趁热，每次考试以后，要对班级考试情况了如指掌，充分了解易错点、易考点，这样讲评时，才能有所侧重，才能有针对性地攻克重难点。其次，要规范讲评流程。针对错误率高或重点考察的试题，教师引导出方法思路；再由学生个人进行自评自纠，小组讨论展示，找出得分原因和失分原因，真正弄清楚解题思路。师生合作再对解题思路进行再归纳总结，写到纸上记录下来，强化验证结果。三是克服“漏斗思维”。所谓“漏斗思维”，就是：今天正在学，突然有事不继续了，明天已经忘记一大部分，后天想起来，继续学，但是忘记的一大部分似乎又需要重新开始，周而复始，积累数月，结果是仅仅只有一点点的内容，而且是在同一个地方循环往复。对于常错、常考的知识点，要经常复习，要不就如同漏斗一样慢慢溜掉。尤其是对于已经进行过的专题训练、变式训练，不能认为进行过一次、两次就万事大吉，要每隔2周进行“回头看”，把学生的易错题重新编辑，归类整理后附上分析讲解印发给学生，克服漏斗思维，反复夯实专题训练的知识点。

三、学生训练务必得法。教师的教学能力最终要转化为学生的学习能力，对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。一是严格限时训练。限时训练就是让学生在规定时间内做完训练题目，既训练速度，又锻炼准确度。限时训练可短可长，可以是课前十分钟，可以是一节课，但必须坚决做到即练即评，长期坚持，通过教师评阅提升学生答题速度和效度，做到日日清，周周清，月月清，适应高考临场答题要求。二是严格规范答题。要认真研究高考原题和高考答案，根据学生的答题情况认真进行比对。要把学生在考试时的原生态答卷原汁原味地展示出来，再让学生自己对照答案进行打分、评价，找出与标准答案的差距，小组内相互交流、讨论，制定答题标准模板，保证将来一分不丢。三是突出变式训练。对于临界生的典型错题或遗漏知识点，要进行变式训练，一题多变进行训练，把错题作为“母题”，至少进行一题五变以上，让学生写出每道题的解题思路，最后总结出此类变式的特点和解题入手点。教师必须要把变式训练当做作业认真批改，带领学生共同验证解题思路，形成答题的基本思路。四是落实“作业自助餐”。对学生要进行分类指导，不能一刀切，尤其是对于清北临界生和一本临界生，学校应高度重视临界生转化工作。要把握好临界生的学科短板，制定好辅导、转化和提升的具体措施，要实行面批面改，落实“作业自助餐”。针对不同的高频错题，由教师分别独立设置变式训练题，也就是A错题出至少5道变式训练，独立印刷；B错题再出5道变式训练，独立印刷；C错题也出5道变式训练，独立印刷；学生可以根据自己的错题，自主领取对应的变式训练题，通过针对性训练补齐学科或知识短板，提升整体备考效益。五是强化精神激励。高三学生学习任务重，压力大，师生缺乏必要交流，学生容易出现心理焦虑、缺乏归属感等心理问题。为此，要对高三年级学生多鼓励，多表扬。大人总想听好听话，学生也是如此，越是鼓励越有劲，因老师的一句话、一个眼神而改变一生命运的事例不胜枚举。教师要不吝赞美，从情绪上、从情感上调动学生学习积极性。

高考前30天冲刺复习方法：

英语

一、英语听力：要坚持每天听1、调整并保持听力状态很重要。建议考前，考生要保持每天20分钟的听力练习量。

2、真题最好反复演练。最后的30天，主要应该听去年各省市的高考听力试题和仿真度比较高的今年各市一模、二模试题。

3、听写训练。做一些真题的听写训练。基本方法，先整体听一遍，然后听一句写一句，坚持听写完为止，然后再对照原文，检查自己错在哪里。另外值得一提的是，在正式考试中，做完所有听力20道选择题后，一般来说，没有百分之百的把握，不要轻易改动第一次做好的答案。据统计，第一次选择往往比改动后的选择更可靠。

二、词汇语法：坚持每天复习一部分 在单项选择题上，适当做题是必要的，但不要采用题海战术。匀些时间看以前的听课笔记、讲义、以前做错的题目(错题集)也是复习该题型很好的方法。尤其要把做过的一些题，特别是错题，反复地看，同时简单的题要总结规律，难题记死记牢即可。要重视语境题、时态题、动词短语相关的单选题。

关于语法，最近几年的高考在淡化语法，但并不是完全不考，而是以交际的方式考查，所以复习语法专题的同时要注意交际方面的问题，要特别注意从语境和语意中来解决语法问题。语法重点要掌握时态、非谓语动词以及定语从句三大块的内容。

三、完形填空：每天要保证做一篇1、培养语感。如何来培养语感呢？这里给同学们提一个成功学生使用过的、正确提高语感的方法：把去年的所有完形填空题正确答案填上，然后大声朗读，不要求背诵但是至少要能做到熟练朗读。在朗读中，慢慢领悟。

2、坚持训练。每天要保证做一篇，这是量上的一个要求。还要把做错的做出标记，重点记忆。应重视文章的整体性和逻辑性。完形填空的过程就是由已知信息推出未知信息的过程。

四、阅读理解：重中之重

阅读理解是高考的重头戏，提高成绩，阅读理解是关键。考试临近也要坚持阅读。与其陷入题海，不如抽出20-30分钟阅读英文篇章。

1、阅读训练不停歇。在冲刺阶段，应多进行一些限时训练，通常每五篇阅读材料作为一组，在35到40分钟里完成。这样既可以保证考场上充沛的阅读精力和体力，又可以营造考试的氛围，还提高了阅读速度。

2、阅读文章要复习。提倡在复习阅读的过程中对三点进行注意：单词、语法点以及复杂句。平时的阅读复习，在做完题目后要坚持每天读过几篇后，认真分析1-2篇。

3、把过去老出现错误的归纳一下，看哪类题自己容易错，重点对付该类题。需要注意的是读文章应力求题材多样化，科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等，但如果生词太多，影响理解或过于难懂的文章，则不应花更多的时间。 五、对话填空，认真练习应该比短文改错更容易拿分

对话填空要填写的十个单词本身不会太难拼写，不会超过2000单词表，所以虽然是新题型也不必恐惧。其实质上也是一种完形填空题，解题关键是要对所给的对话有一个整体把握，通读全篇对话，弄清谈话的语境及内容。

六、作文：考前至少精练10篇

重点背一些连词和英语固定表达的句型，以及常用的短语和有特点的动词词组。在写作的时候可以采用一些写作的套路。每次写作前问自己四个问题：这篇文章的体裁格式是怎样的？主体时态用什么时态？人称用第几人称？可以分几段，之间用什么过渡词、连接词？带着这四个问题去审题，搞清楚文章的主要内容，然后列出提纲。最后丰富自己的提纲就可以了。

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