填空500题 ction01-40

2023年12月4日发(作者：工牌)

-

Section 1

1. In a production process that is complex and often unpredictable, roles that start out discretely defined

may become quite ________.

A. confud

B. perfunctory

C. independent

D. overt

E. exacting

2. While the writer has best known for her much-ballyhooed ________, her impact reached far beyond

memorable quips.

A. pensiveness

B. drollness

C. stoicism

D. fastidiousness

E. congeniality

3. While people complain about their hectic lives and demanding schedules, one might be justified in

suspecting that they are being somewhat (i)________: compulsive busyness ems to be, for many, a

source of (ii)________ .

Blank (i)

A. disingenuous

B. guarded

C. dilatory

4. The author argued that the field of sociology has been overly (i)________ partly becau, for many

scholars, the edges of the social univer are defined by national borders. In this era of increasing

globalization, however, sociology is prented with a historically distinct opportunity to transcend its

former (ii)________.

Blank (i)

A. narrow in scope

B. susceptible to fades

C. aver to empiricism

5. Readers may initially be irked by the book’s apparent (i)________, but, once immerd in the author’s

pro, they may come to regard the works (ii)________ as an ast.

Blank (i)

A. flippancy

B. aimlessness

C. tendentiousness

Blank (ii)

D. subtlety

E. discursions

F. exhaustiveness

Blank (ii)

D. utilitarianism

E. parochialism

F. historicism

Blank (ii)

D. pride

E. despair

F. irritation 6. Tho who took Clark’s old-mannered compliance for obquiousness (i)________ him: his apparent

(ii)________ veiled a fervent (iii)________ of authority that others exercid over him, one that he

occasionally expresd by discreetly sabotaging their most important projects.

Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)

A. misconstrued D. cynicism G. veneration

B. condemned E. acquiescence H. justification

C. respected F. intractability I. detestation

7. Although its director ________ that the movies us a documentary approach in portraying the famous

sit-down strike, in practice its characters are heavily fictionalized and fall into familiar Hollywood

types.

A. asrts

B. concedes

C. guarantees

D. disputes

E. grants

F. maintain

8. When study the ancient Greek astronomers, Copernicun realized that despite the intrinsic beauty of

many of their arguments, the ancients often made claims that ________ logic.

A. refuted

B. questioned

C. influenced

D. swayed

E. defied

F. disregarded

9. For all the ________ the new CEO has received from the press recently, her staff have a decidedly

less rosy view of her.

A. encomiums

B. tributes

C. evaluations

D. critiques

E. attention

F. publicity

10. Coagulation factors are uful proteins who simple names — many are known only by Roman

numerals — ________ their importance, and the specificity of their roles in the thing and clotting of

blood.

A. nullify

B. obviate

C. mitigate

D. belie

E. mask

F. accentuate

Section 2

1. Although the volume of radioactive waste produced by nuclear power plants is ________ , the problem

of how to dispo of that waste is not: rather, it is of major importance.

A. unmanageable

B. troubling

C. significant

D. small

E. deceptive

2. We often regard natural phenomenon like rainfall as mysterious and unpredictable; although for short

time spans and particular places they appear so, in fact, on a truly global scale nature has been a model

of ________ .

A. reliability

B. diversity

C. complexity

D. plasticity

E. discontinuity

3. The national bank has been uncommonly powerful in comparison to its counterparts in other nations. It

retains this potency partly becau its control of the nations’ banking system is (i)________

governmental interference, and thus its actions remain largely (ii)________ .

Blank (i)

A. unencumbered by

B. replete with

C. hindered by

4. The material covered in this article has been (i)________ in previous publications, and since currently

neglected areas remained unexplored, the article contains no (ii)________ .

Blank (i)

A. skirted

B. scrutinized

C. countered

5. Unambiguous texts can allow their readers to (i)________ them quickly, but ambiguous texts can have

the attractive (ii)________ of multiple possible interpretations, all of which can be considered equally

(iii)________ and none of which is the single true meaning.

Blank (i)

A. misunderstand

B. comprehend

C. complicate

Blank (ii)

D. stigma

E. blemish

F. allure

Blank (iii)

G. valid

H. frank

I. inveterate

Blank (ii)

D. revelations

E. distortions

F. conclusions

Blank (ii)

D. compulsory

E. discretionary

F. bureaucratic 6. Even the reader acquainted with the outlines of Pushkin’s biography will be (i)________ the

(ii)________ so vividly conveyed in Binyon’s biography. Not only was Pushkin’s personal

correspondence intercepted and his movements (iii)________, but Tsar Nicholas I’s decision to

overe Pushkin’s career obliged Pushkin to submit all his manuscripts for inspection.

Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)

A. attributed to D. suffocating lack of creative freedom G. ignored

B. confud by E. concern for contemporary society H. monitored

C. struck by F. underlying n of historical change I. commended

7. The uniquely human ability to rethink and revi our social arrangements is a weird blessing, allowing

us to create systems that are as likely to ________ us as to liberate us.

A. cheer

B. shackle

C. admonish

D. educate

E. stifle

F. enliven

8. Although field studies have linked inbreeding to declines any song sparrow populations, some

rearchers argue that, in nature, inbreeding proves ________ as a factor when compared with crashing

blows form weather changes.

A. hazardous

B. momentous

C. trivial

D. significant

E. precarious

F. inconquential

9. Although the insistence on balancing spending against tax revenues has contributed to the economy’s

stagnation, unfortunately, the government does not em likely to ________ this rigid policy.

A. initiate

B. persist in

C. publicize

D. repudiate

E. continue

F. recant

10. Since it was committed to the idea of science as an international, politically neutral enterpri, the

Royal Society of London refud to ________ members from enemy nations during world wars of the

twentieth century.

A. betray

B. expel

C. endor

D. oust

E. sanction

F. condemn Section 3

1. Among the Meakambut people of Papua New Guinea, legends are associated with specific caves in the

Sepik region, and the legends are ________ : only the cave owner can share its crets.

A. impenetrable

B. immutable

C. proprietary

D. didactic

E. lf-perpetuating

2. It is a paradox of the V that they mere both ________ and, through their empire, cosmopolitan.

A. capricious

B. insular

C. mercenary

D. idealistic

E. intransigent

3. Despite the scathing precision with which she satirizes the lives of social aspirants and moneyed folk,

the writer appears to (i)________ being part of the world she prents as so (ii)________ .

Blank (i)

A. abhor

B. relish

C. revoke

4. The contemporary trend whereby fashion designers flout mainstream tradition is unique only in its

(i)________; earlier fashion designers experienced the same (ii)________ impul, albeit in a less

extreme form.

Blank (i)

A. subversiveness

B. intensity

C. culpability

5. Memory-prompt technology such as online birthday reminders do more than enhance our recall

abilities; it induces us to (i)________ even more behaviors to automated progress. Witness the

(ii)________ a program that allows us to create computer greeting cards for the entire year in one

tting.

Blank (i)

A. delegate

B. ascribe

C. liken

Blank (ii)

D. controversy over

E. popularity of

F. sophistication of

Blank (ii)

D. indiscriminate

E. iconoclastic

F. temperate

Blank (ii)

D. unattainable

E. insufferable

F. enchanting 6. Biologists have little (i)________ drawing the link between the success of humanity and human

(ii)________. Indeed, many biologists claim that this attributes the ability to (iii)________, or, to put it

more sharply, to make individuals subordinate their lf-interest to the needs of the group lies at the

root of human achievement.

Blank (i)

A. connsus regarding

B. compunction about

C. justification for

7. Progressive and reactionary populist movements are not necessarily ________: each way, and usually

does, process features of the other.

A. dichotomous

B. untenable

C. unsustainable

D. controversies

E. subversive

F. efficacious

8. Flawed as it may be becau it is conducted by subjective scientist, science itlf has method that help

us ________ our bias and talk about objective reality with some validity.

A. bypass

B. reduce

C. exacerbate

D. magnify

E. acknowledge

F. circumvent

9. In Japane aesthetics, especially but not only in Noh, beauty contains the idea of ________: beauty

must have an air of evanescence, the imitation of its own demi.

A. transience

B. symmetry

C. decay

D. simplicity

E. balance

F. deterioration

10. Although one can adduce myriad of examples of ecosystem disruption by nonindigenous species,

nevertheless most introduced species that survive in fact to have quite ________ effects on the

ecosystem they have invaded.

A. minimal

B. trifling

C. marked

D. conspicuous

E. intriguing

F. deleterious

Blank (ii)

D. resilience

E. sociability

F. uniqueness

Blank (iii)

G. reflect

H. communicate

I. cooperate Section 4

1. Apparently, advanced tortoi evolved multiple times: the high-domed shells and columnar,

elephantine feet of current forms are specialization for terrestrial life that evolved ________ on each

continent.

A. independently

B. interchangeable

C. paradoxically

D. simultaneously

E. symmetrically

2. Instead of demonstrating the ________ of archaeological applications of electronic remote nsing, the

pioneering study became, to some skeptics, an illustration of the imprudence of interpreting sites bad

on virtual archaeology

A. ubiquity

B. limitation

C. promi

D. redundancy

E. complexity

3. Given the (i)________ the committees and the (ii)________ natures of its investigation, it would be

unreasonable to gainsay the committee’s conclusions at first glance.

Blank (i)

A. sterling reputation of

B. lack of funding for

C. ad hoc existence of

4. Though many professional book reviewers would agree that criticism should be (i)________ enterpri,

a tendency to write (ii)________ reviews has rin, partly out of the mistaken belief that sharing

personal details will help reviewers stand out of the pack.

Blank (i)

A. an anonymous

B. an evenhanded

C. a spirited

Blank (ii)

D. scathing

E. confessional

F. superficial

Blank (ii)

D. superficial

E. spontaneous

F. exhaustive

5. Scientific papers often (i)________ what actually happened in the cour of the investigations they

describe, Misunderstandings, blind alleys, and mistakes of various sorts of will fail to appear in the

find written accounts, becau (ii)________ is a desirable attribute when transmitting results in a

scientific report and would be poorly rved by (iii)________.

Blank (i)

A. amplify

B. misreprent

C. particularize

Blank (ii)

D. transparency

E. efficiency

F. exhaustiveness

Blank (iii)

G. a comprehensive historical account

H. a purely quantitative analysis

I. overly superficial discussion 6. Analysis of 47.5-million-year-old fossils from Pakistan has yielded fresh insights into the early

ancestors of modern whales. For example, Maiacetus inuus was a land animal (i)________ life in the

a. One Maiacetus inuus fossil encad a fetus positioned for a head-first delivery, which is typical of

a land mammal and suggests the species gave birth onshore. But it probably spent much of its time

(ii)________: its big teeth were suite for catching fish, while its flipper-like feet must have been

(iii)________ walking.

Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)

A. resistant D. in the water G. incompatible with

B. removed from E. fleeing from predators H. clumsy for

C. adapted to F. protecting its young I. strengthened by

7. The Chavez Pass archaeological site was initially interpreted as indicative of ________ society, since it

was thought to have been at the center of a cluster of smaller, contemporary ttlements that it

presumably controlled.

A. an expansionist

B. a hierarchical

C. an urban

D. a heterogeneous

E. a diver

F. a stratified

8. Even if the story now ems a surprisingly innocuous overture to the authors later, more fully

developed narrations, it ________ some of the key traits of tho bleaker tales.

A. avoids

B. belies

C. undercuts

D. anticipates

E. posss

F. prefigures

9. In the abnce of a surface gradient, the new laws of refraction and reflection are ________ the

conventional, law, so they reprent more of an extension than a complete revolution.

A. inferable from

B. entailed by

C. antithetical to

D. coincident with

E. antecedent to

F. oppositional to

10. While recognizing that recent reports of cyber warfare, phone-hacking scandals, and identity thefts

have tended to accent the destructive connotation of the word, Sue Halpemn maintains that “hacking”

is such ________ term that its meaning nearly always derives form its context.

A. a generic

B. an inclusive

C. a positive

D. a subjective

E. an affirmative

F. a technical Section 5

1. A new television documentary focus on one of the prime minister’s defining contradiction,

portraying her as a woman who cultivated an image of ________ but who liked to live grandly.

A. irascibility

B. abstemiousness

C. contentiousness

D. insouciance

E. surreptitiousness

2. In proto scientific times, for example, in ancient Greece, claims about the physical world were often

accepted as true if they were reasonable; experimental verification, if thought necessary at all, was

________.

A. utilitarian

B. perfunctory

C. egregious

D. empirical

E. inductive

3. The economic recovery was somewhat lopsided: (i)________ in some of the industrial economics

while (ii)________ in others of them.

Blank (i)

A. unexpected

B. feeble

C. swift

4. Scholarly works on detective stories often begin with (i)________, suggesting that there is something

vaguely wrong with adults who spend their time reading such fiction and certainly something

(ii)________ tho who devote energy to its analysis.

Blank (i)

A. chronologies

B. apologies

C. synops

5. Due to the extraordinary circumstances, British business owners found themlves in a (i)________

position during the cond world war, forced to accept regular interference from government and to

acquiescence to (ii)________ role for labor unions in negotiating the terms and conditions of

employment.

Blank (i)

A. defensive

B. dominant

C. customary

Blank (ii)

D. a traditional

E. an enhanced

F. a diminished

Blank (ii)

D. awry in

E. astute about

F. courageous about

Blank (ii)

D. robust

E. turbulent

F. predictable 6. For almost two centuries, the German island of Sylt has offered various therapies for every conceivable

(i)________, from broken bones to liver complaints. The local mud, saltwater, thermal pools and spas

have been deemed (ii)________ by the German medical system, which (iii)________ some of the

treatments. Conquently, the treatments are widely ud.

Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)

A. malady D. healthful G. doubts

B. indiscretion E. suspect H. denies

C. prognosis F. innocuous I. funds

7. Miller reminded his clients that labor relationship are inherently ________ : the interests of business

owners are diametrically oppod to tho of employers.

A. adversarial

B. exploitative

C. mercenary

D. antagonistic

E. variable

F. changeable

8. Progressive and reactionary populist movements are not necessarily ________: each way, and usually

does, process features of the other.

dichotomous

A. untenable

B. unsustainable

C. controversies

D. subversive

E. efficacious

9. Even the cleverest u of time management technique is powerless to ________ the sum of minutes in

a person’s life (over 52 million, optimistically assuming a life expecting of 100 years), so people

squeeze as much as they could into each one of them.

A. justify

B. quantify

C. augment

D. enrich

E. measure

F. extend

10. One of the vocalists who auditioned for a leading part of in the local production of Sweeney Todd

emed to prefer ________ to any attempt at producing a melody; a more pleasant voice was hard to

imagine.

A. warbling

B. imitating

C. improvising

D. shrieking

E. crooning

F. caterwauling Section 6

1. The space travels described in science fiction stories always ud to be epic adventures, in comparison

to which current journals in space em quite ________.

A. mundane

B. exciting

C. dramatic

D. risky

E. heroic

2. Medieval cathedrals still stand as marvels of architecture, but as far as modern science is concerned,

medieval physics and chemistry are simple irrelevant, at best to dead end, at worst the very ________

of what science is suppod to be.

A. exemplar

B. glorification

C. reflection

D. dilution

E. antithesis

3. Although trains may u energy more (i)________ than do automobiles, the latter move only when

they contain at least one occupant, whereas railway carriages spend a considerable amount of time

running up and down the tracks (ii)________, or nearly so.

Blank (i)

A. lavishly

B. efficiently

C. routinely

4. Historian Barbara Alpern Engle’s task in writing a book about women in Russia must have been a

(i)________ one, becau the (ii)________ the Russian empire’s peoples meant that Russian women

could never be treated as a homogeneous group.

Blank (i)

A. motivating

B. boring

C. daunting

5. One sometimes hear that Marco Polo introduced pasta to the Western World, having encountered it in

China. This durable myth, which (i)________ nothing should have been known of pasta in Italy until

1295, when Marco Polo returned from the Far East can easily be (ii)________ by point out that there

are Italian references to pasta that (iii)________.

Blank (i)

A. requires

B. demonstrates

C. symbolizes

Blank (ii)

D. augmented

E. debunked

F. traced

Blank (iii)

G. prai its virtues

H. can be authenticated

I. predate that event

Blank (ii)

D. unity among

E. disinterest in

F. diversity of

Blank (ii)

D. vacant

E. unimpeded

F. overlooked 6. Both very good and very bad books are easy to review. Prai and (i)________ come easily. But what

of books that contain a muddle of virtues and vices? Here the reviewer’s task is more (ii)________ :

the author’s uful and thought-provoking obrvations need to be (iii)________ the uless and

tedious.

Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)

A. ambivalence D. evident G. supplanted by

B. compliment E. demanding H. sifted from

C. censure F. manageable I. overshadowed by

7. Even though women in the United States could not gain the rights to vote until 1920, throughout the

nineteenth century many feminist goals were gradually ________, especially the rights of married

women to control their own property.

A. realized

B. abandoned

C. eroded

D. modified

E. revid

F. achieved

8. It is hardly ________ the committee calls for: rudimentary competence would be an improvement on

the current chaos.

A. accountability

B. disarray

C. unruliness

D. faultlessness

E. loyalty

F. perfection

9. Edited collections of scholarly essays generally tend to be somewhat uneven: they suffer from the

________ subject matter of the various essays, the lack of an overarching and consistent thesis and the

variable quantity of the contributions.

A. intriguing

B. heterogeneous

C. comprehensive

D. disparate

E. mediocre

F. engaging

10. Films that critics have slumbered through rarely generate industry excitement, eventhough the critics’

________ reception may be less the fault of the move than of its unfortunate time slot near a fatiguing

film festivals conclusion.

A. somnolent

B. impartial

C. lethargic

D. laconic

E. befuddled

F. evenhanded Section 7

1. The governor might conceivably find a genuine resolution to the budgetary dilemma, but she may be

tempted to engage in a deception: a ________ exerci in fiscal prudence.

A. rigorous

B. sparkling

C. specious

D. blatant

E. convincing

2. Without eming unworldly, William James appeared wholly removed from the ________ of society,

the conventionality of academic.

A. ethos

B. idealism

C. romance

D. paradoxes

E. commonplaces

3. The great of (i)________ of most books that examine the American presidency is their ideological bias,

but for the most part, this volume on the presidency maintains an impressive degree of (ii)________.

Blank (i)

A. contribution

B. limitation

C. paradox

4. The reclusive clergyman may have lived and died in melancholy, but this doesn’t em to have

(i)________ his genius in any way. On the contrary we find ourlves wondering whether his genius

wasn’t (ii)________ in some mysterious way by his mood.

Blank (i)

A. influenced

B. hampered

C. triggered

5. The author argued that the field of sociology has been overly (i)________ partly becau, for many

scholars, the edges of the social univer are defined by national borders. In this era of increasing

globalization, however, sociology is prented with a historically distinct opportunity to transcend its

former (ii)________.

Blank (i)

A. narrow in scope

B. susceptible to fades

C. aver to empiricism

Blank (ii)

D. utilitarianism

E. parochialism

F. historicism

Blank (ii)

D. rved

E. controlled

F. identified

Blank (ii)

D. certainty

E. fluency

F. objectivity 6. Applications of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) have fared best in contexts in which habitat

condition is cloly linked to species condition and the cau of habitat degradation is easily identified.

The achievements of the ESA in tho contexts, however, have (i)________ that other us of the act

can (ii)________ that record even where such favorable conditions do not (iii)________.

Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)

A. quelled the conviction D. mitigate G. vary

B. presaged the uncertainty E. duplicate H. pertain

C. fostered the misconception F. elucidate I. diminish

7. Since some contemporary Western dieticians believe that the only function of food is to provide

nourishment, the dieticians view an emphasis on the aesthetic dimension of the culinary arts as

________.

A. unprecedented

B. unwarranted

C. illuminating

D. groundless

E. promising

F. novel

8. Harper Lee’s narration in To Kill a Mockingbird is ________, mixing an adult’s and a child’s

perspectives according to no logic other than the immediate exigencies of the plot.

A. a paradigm

B. a hodgepodge

C. a model

D. an innovation

E. a patchwork

F. an embarrass

9. A clever form of diplomacy involves subtly inducing the other party to propo your preference so that

your ________ their requests appear as the granting of concession.

A. accession to

B. inattention to

C. subversion of

D. abnegation of

E. repudiation of

F. acquiescence of

10. The employee had a reputation for fractiousness, but his coworkers found him to be on the contrary,

quite ________.

A. insightful

B. affable

C. sagacious

D. capable

E. easygoing

F. productive

Section 8

1. The idea of a “language instinct” may em ________ to tho who think of language as the zenith of

the human intellect and of instincts as brute impuls.

A. jarring

B. plausible

C. gratifying

D. inevitable

E. conciliatory

2. In contrast to such sparely populated terrestrial hesitates as dert and tundra, the oceans ________

with a emingly endless array of creatures.

A. teem

B. flow

C. evolve

D. roil

E. ebb

3. As E D explains, in eighteenth century England, writing plays (i)________ common. Even when the

(ii)________ meant that playwriting did not bring personal fame, the work nevertheless enabled them

to prent their own views to the public and offered the possibility of acquiring capital.

Blank (i)

A. empowered

B. overextended

C. impresd

4. The national bank has been uncommonly powerful in comparison to its counterpoint in other nations. It

retains this potency partly becau its control of the nations banking system is (i)________

governmental interference, and thus its actions remain largely (ii)________ .

Blank (i)

A. unencumbered by

B. replete with

C. hindered by

5. Just becau, as a photographer, Friedlander (i)________ places that most people consider ugly does

not meant that he is out to prove they are beautiful. Instead, his work suggests that the photographer

simply cannot ignore so much of the built American landscape but is obligated to (ii)________ what

we pass through day in and day out, regardless of (iii)________.

Blank (i)

A. tends to avoid

B. is harshly critical of

C. is interested in

Blank (ii)

D. document

E. emulate

F. discredit

Blank (iii)

G. authenticity

H. truthfulness

I. aesthetic

Blank (ii)

D. compulsory

E. discretionary

F. bureaucratic

Blank (ii)

D. u of a pudonym

E. lack of a producer

F. poor remuneration 6. Traditional Vietname culture has long promoted the idea of gender equality. Founding myths

(i)________the equal division of labor in child care for mothers and fathers. As is often the ca,

however, theoretical commitments are (ii)________ actual process. In reality, gender-bad

(iii) ________ persists.

Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)

A. obscure D. incommensurate with G. parity

B. celebrate E. surpasd by H. inclusiveness

C. countermand F. inspired by I. stratification

7. Culture, like speech, is primarily a human faculty, although both functions may exist in a more

________ form in lesr primate.

A. indispensable

B. crucial

C. primitive

D. intelligible

E. recognizable

F. rudimentary

8. In mathematics, judgment about, the validity of prods are mediated by peer-reviewed jounrnal, to

ensure ________ reviewers are carefully chon by journal editors, and the identity of scholars who

papers are under consideration are kept cret.

A. timelessness

B. originality

C. fairness

D. comprehensiveness

E. objectivity

F. novelty

9. Jackie Wullschlager’s biography of Hans Christian Anderson ________ the insipid sweetness with

which Anderson coated his life and reveals a vulnerable gingerbread man with a bitter almond where

his heart should be.

A. conjures up

B. imagines

C. strips away

D. overlooks

E. removes

F. ignores

10. While it is always clear that the author’s message is heartfelt, it is mostly buried by shortcomings of

style, organization, and production, although the book, does become more ________ toward the end.

A. sincere

B. intelligible

C. orthodox

D. readable

E. frank

F. voluble Section 9

1. The subject who were engaged in more difficult tasks ________ deterioration in their performance

over time, and therefore the need to concentrate apparently enhances long-term efficiency.

A