海明威 3000翻译

2023年12月4日发(作者：形形色色的意思)

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Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, in 1899. His

father was a doctor and his mother was a music teacher. He began his

writing career as a reporter for the Kansas city after he graduated from

middle school. At the age of eighteen, he volunteered to rve as a Red

Cross ambulance driver in World War I and was nt to Italy where he

was badly injured by shrapnel. Hemingway later wrote A Farewell to

Arms considered as his greatest novel which originated from his

experience in Italy. In 1921, Hemingway moved to Paris as a reporter of

the Toronto Daily Star. In Paris, he made friends with a group of

American and English writers that include F. Scott Fitzgeral, Ezra Pound,

Gertrude Stein, and Ford Madox Ford. In the early 1920s, Hemingway

began to achieve fame as a chronicler of the disaffection felt by many

American youth after World War I—a generation of youth whom Stein

memorably dubbed the “Lost Generate”. His novels The Sun Also Ris（1926）and A Farewell to Arms (1929) established him as a dominant

literary voice of his time. His spare, charged style of writing was

revolutionary at the time and would be imitated, for better or for wor,

by generations of aspiring young writers to come.

After leaving Paris, Hemingway wrote on bullfighting, published

short stories and articles, covered the Spanish Civil War as a journalist,

and published his best-lling novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940).

The pieces helped Hemingway build up the mythic breed of masculinity for which he wished to be known. Hunting, fishing, boxing

and bullfighting were part of his life, and he tried to do the things as

riously as he did writing. In the 1930s, Hemingway lived in Key West,

Florida, and later in Cuba, and his years of experience fishing in the Gulf

Stream and the Caribbean provided an esntial background for the vivid

descriptions of the fisherman’s craft in The Old Man and the Sea. In 1936,

he wrote a piece for Esquire about a Cuba fisherman who was dragged

out to a by a great marlin, a game fish that typically weighs hundreds of

pounds. Sharks had destroyed the fisherman’s catch by the time he was

found half-delirious by other fisherman. This story ems an obvious ed

for the tale of Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea.

Hemingway was a great fan of baball, even liked to talk in the

sport’s lingo, and by 1952, he badly “needed a win.” His novel Across the

River and into the Trees, published in 1950. It was his first novel in ten

years but the most fail one. Although he had claimed to his friends that it

was his best yet, critics disagreed and called the work the worst

Hemingway had ever written. Many readers claimed it read like a parody

of Hemingway. The control and precision of his early pro emed to be

lost beyond recovery.

The Old Man and the Sea was published in 1952, which bring a huge

success to Hemingway and avoid the bad effect from the Across the River

and Into the Trees. The novel won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it very likely cinched the Nobel Prize for Hemingway in1954, as it was

cited for particular recognition by the Nobel Academy. It would be the

last novel published in his lifetime.

Although The Old Man and the Sea helped to regenerate

Hemingway’s writing career, it has since been met by divided critical

opinion. While some critics have praid this novel as a new classic that

takes its place among such established American works as William

Faulkner’s short “The bear” and Herman Melville’s Moby Dick, others

have attacked the story as “imitation Hemingway ” and find fault with the

author’s departure from the uncompromising realism with which he made

his name.

Becau Hemingway was a writer who ud his own personal

experience as creative material, some critics, not surprisingly, eventually

decided that the novel rved as a thinly veiled attack upon them.

According to this reading, Hemingway was the old master at the end of

his career being torn part by—but ultimately triumphing over—critics on

a feeding frenzy. But this reading ultimately reduces The Old Man and

the Sea to little more than an act of literary revenge. The more compelling

interpretation asrts that the novel is a parable about life itlf, in

particular man’s struggle for triumph in a world that ems designed to

destroy him.

Despite the optimistic attitude to his life in The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway was more and more vulnerable under the disappointed at the

end of his life. He committed suicide in 1961 in Ketchum, Idaho.

The Old Man and the Sea is the story of an epic struggle between an

old, asoned fisherman and the greatest catch of his life. For eighty-four

days, Santiago, an aged Cuban fisherman, has t out to a and returned

empty-handed. He is so unlucky that his apprentice and friend, Manolin,

forced by her parents to leave the old man in order to fish in a more

prosperous boat. Nevertheless, the boy continues to take care of the old

man when he returns back each night. He helps the old man tote his gear

to his ramshackle hut, cures food for him, and discuss the latest

developments in American baball, especially the trials of the old man’s

hero, Joe DiMaggio. Santiago is confident that his bad luck will soon

come to an end, and he decides to sail out farther than usual the next day.

On the eighty-fifth day of his bad luck, Santiago does as the plan,

sailing his skiff far beyond the island’s shallow coastal waters and

venturing into the Gulf Stream. He prepares his lines and drops them. At

noon, a big fish takes the bait that Santiago has placed one hundred

fathoms deep in waters, and he knows it is a marlin. The old man expertly

hooks the fish, but he cannot pull it in, Instead, the fish begins to pull the

boat.

The old man knows that he can not tie the line fast to the boat, for

fear the fish would snap line in a tension, the old man bear the strain of the line with his shoulders, back, and hands, ready to give slack should

the marlin make a run. The fish pulls the boat all through the day, through

the night, through another day, and through another night. It swims

steadily northwest until at last it tires and swims east with the current.

The entire time, Santiago endures constant pain from the fishing line.

Whenever the fish lunges, leaps, or makes a dash for freedom, the cord

cuts him badly. Although wounded and weary, the old man feels a deep

empathy and admiration for the marlin, his brother in suffering, strength,

and resolve.

On the third day the fish tires, and Santiago, sleep-deprived, aching,

and nearly delirious, manages to pull the marlin in clo enough to kill it

with a harpoon thrust. Dead beside the skiff, the marlin is the largest

Santiago has ever en. He lashes it to his boat, rai the small mast, and

ts sail for home. While Santiago is excited by the price that the marlin

will bring at market, he is more concerned that the people who will eat

the fish are unworthy of its greatness.

As Santiago sails on with the fish, the marlin’s blood leaves a trail in

the water and attracts sharks. The first to attack is a great mako shark,

which Santiago manages to slay with the harpoon. In the struggle, the old

man los the harpoon and lengths of valuable rope, which leaves him

vulnerable to other shark attacks. The old man fights off the successive

vicious predators as best he can, stabbing at them with a crude spear he makes by lashing a knife to an oar, and even clubbing them with the

boat’s tiller. Although he kills veral sharks, more and more appear, and

by the night falls, Santiago’s continued precious meat, leaving only

skeleton, head, and tail. Santiago chastis himlf for going “out too far”,

and for sacrificing his great and worthy opponent. He arrives home before

daybreak, stumbles back to his shack, and sleeps very deeply.

The next morning, a crowd of fisherman gathers around the skeletal

carcass of the fish and surpris a lot. The fish is still lashed to the boat.

Knowing nothing of the old man’s struggle, tourists at a nearby café

obrve the remains of the giant marlin and mistake it for a shark.

Manolin, who has been worried sick over the old man’s abnce, is

moved to tears when he finds Santiago safe in bed. The boy fetches the

old man some coffee and the daily papers with the baball scores, and

watches him sleep. When the old man wakes, the two agree to fish as

partners once more. The old man returns to sleep and dreams his usual

dream of lions at play on the beaches of Africa.

Santiago

The old man of the novella’s title, Santiago is a Cuban fisherman

who has bad luck for a long time. Although he is a expert of fishing, he

hasn’t catch a fish for eighty-four days. He is humble, but conceited in his

abilities. He had much reason to do so, becau of his knowledge of the

a and its creatures, and of his craft, is unparalleled and helps him prerve a n of hope regardless of circumstance. Santiago has been

prented with contests to test his strength and endurance through out his

life. The marlin struggles with he for three days reprents his greatest

challenge. Paradoxically, although Santiago ultimately los the fish, the

marlin is also his best greatest victory.

The marlin

Santiago hooks the marlin, which we learn at the end of the novella

measures eighteen feet, on the first afternoon of his fishing expedition.

Becau of the marlin’s huge size, Santiago is unable to pull the fish in,

and the two become engaged in a kind of tug-of-war that often ems

more like an alliance than a struggle. The fishing line rves as a symbol

of the fraternal connection Santiago feels with the fish. When the

captured marlin is later destroyed by sharks, Santiago feels destroyed as

well. Like Santiago, the marlin is implicitly compared to Christ.

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