高考冲刺英语阅读理解课堂练答案解析4

2023年12月4日发(作者：客服常用话术)

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2020高考英语：阅读理解课堂练（1）

Passage One (Advertirs Perform a Uful Service to the Community)

Advertirs tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for

criticism. Their critics em to rent them becau they have a flair for

lf-promotion and becau they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s

iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that)

should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the

big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of

their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’

The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t

create mass markets for products. It is precily becau of the heavy advertising that

consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpo

of advertising is to ll goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A

great deal of the knowledge we have about houhold goods derives largely from the

advertiments we read. Advertiments introduce us to new products or remind us of

the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing

machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price,

etc., from an advertiment.

Lots of people pretend that they never read advertiments, but this claim may be

riously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertiments the days. And

what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would

be like without advertiments. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading

railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only cloly printed

columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertiment makes such a

difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.

We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our

pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist

without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by

advertirs. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!

Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every

newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously uful rvice they perform for the

community! Just about anything can be accomplished through the columns. For

instance, you can find a job, buy or ll a hou, announce a birth, marriage or death

in what ud to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most

fascinating ction is the personal or ‘agony’ column. No other item in a newspaper

provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature.

It’s the best advertiment for advertising there is!

1. What is main idea of this passage?

A. Advertiment.

B. The benefits of advertiment.

C. Advertirs perform a uful rvice to communities.

D. The costs of advertiment.

2. The attitude of the author toward advertirs is ________.

A. appreciative.

B. trustworthy.

C. critical.

D. dissatisfactory.

3. Why do the critics criticize advertirs?

A. Becau advertirs often brag.

B. Becau critics think advertiment is a “waste of money”.

C. Becau customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.

D. Becau customers pay more.

4. Which of the following is Not True?

A. Advertiment makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.

B. We can buy what we want.

C. Good quality products don’t need to be advertid. D. Advertiment makes our life colorful.

5. The passage is ________.

A. Narration.

B. Description.

C. Criticism.

D. Argumentation.

Vocabulary

come in for ( sth. ) 是某事物的对象，吸引（某事物），获得

flair 天资，天分

iniquitous 极邪恶的，极不公正的

drab 单调的，乏味的

subsist 活下去，生存下去，维持下去

hatch 孵化（指生孩子）

match 匹配，婚姻

dispatch 派遣，发送

agony 极大痛苦，煎熬

agony column （报刊中关于个人疑难问题征询意见的）读者来信专栏

难句译注

Advertirs tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for

criticism.

【参考译文】广告商总是雄心勃勃（想得很大），也许这就是为什么他们老挨批评。

Their critics em to rent them becau they have a flair for lf-promotion.

【参考译文】他们的批评者似乎对他们很气愤，因为他们在自我抬高/标榜上很有天分。

No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offer such deep

insight into human nature. 【参考译文】报纸任何其他栏目都难以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供对人性的内涵如此深刻的洞察。

It’s the best advertiment for advertising there is.

【参考译文】这是广告中最佳的广告。

写作方法与文章大意

文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真正作用。文章首先指出广告商遭批评的原因：广告商夸大和人们认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就搞；然后作者以有无广告的后果突出其功能，没有广告，商品价更高，生活单调、乏味。有了广告，商品价低，生活丰富多彩，人们获取各种信息。

答案详解

. 广告对社会的服务很有用。作者从三方面来叙述广告作用：第二段点出如果广告不为产品开辟广大的市场，我们就得付出很多钱，正是因为大量的广告费用，消费者的商品才会那么便宜。广告除销售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告诉信息，有关家用商品的许多只是来自广告，还有新产品的介绍。

第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告，那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目，机智的广告将改变一切。

第四段讲了它为我们省钱：别忘了广告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公司没有这笔收入很难生存。我们的报纸，我们付给很少，或者说，我们能享受那么多的节目完全是因为广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价，那我们要花多少钱！

最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。这些都围着一个中心：广告对社会服务的有用性。

. 广告。太笼统。B. 广告之优点。文章不是讲优点，而是讲服务于社会的功能。D. 广告费用。

. 欣赏/赞赏。从上述注释也可推知是A项。最重要的，作者提出种种功能，是为了反驳第一段内提到的论点：完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑，这说明这些大公司利润有多高。最重要的是消费者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了A项对。 B. 值得信任。 C. 批评。 D. 不满意。

A. 因为广告商常常爱吹。见难句译注1.。

B. 因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。 C. 因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。 D.

因为消费者支付更多。

. 优质产品不需要广告。一切产品都需要广告，新产品、老产品都需要。

A. 广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。 B. 我们可以买到我们所需的。 D. 广告使我们生活丰富多彩。这三条都提到也是真实的。

. 文章一开始就提到对广告的批评，然后作者以对比的手法说明其功能。

A. 叙事。B. 描写。 D. 议论。

Passage Two (Exploration on the Origin of Continents)

The origin of continental nuclei has long been a puzzle. Theories advanced so far

have generally failed to explain the first step in continent growth, or have been subject

to rious objections. It is the purpo of this article to examine the possible role of

the impact of large meteorites or asteroids in the production of continental nuclei.

Unfortunately, the geological evolution of the Earth’s surface has had an obliterating

effect on the original composition and structure of the continents to such an extent

that further terrestrial investigations have small chance of arriving at an unambiguous

answer to the question of continental origin. Paradoxically, clues to the origin and

early history of the surface features of the Earth may be found on the Moon and

planets, rather than on the Earth, becau some of the bodies appear to have had a

much less active geological history. As a result, relatively primitive surface features

are prerved for study and analysis. In the ca of both the Moon and Mars, it is

generally concluded from the appearance of their heavily cratered surfaces that they

have been subjected to bombardment by large meteoroids during their geological

history. Likewi, it would appear a reasonable hypothesis that the Earth has also been

subjected to meteoroid bombardment in the past, and that very large bodies struck the

Earth early in its geological history.

The large crater on the Moon listed by Baldwin has a diameter of 285 km. However, if we accept the hypothes of formation of some of the mare basins by impact, the

maximum lunar impact crater diameter is probably as large as 650km. Bad on a

lunar analogy, one might expect veral impact craters of at least 500km diameter to

have been formed on Earth. By applying Baldwin’s equation, the depth of such a

crater should be about 20km. Baldwin admits that his equation gives excessive depths

for large craters so that the actual depth should be somewhat smaller. Bad on the

measured depth of smaller lunar crater. Baldwin’s equation gives the depth of the zone

of brecciation for such a crater as about 75km. The plasticity of the Earth’s mantle at

the depth makes it impossible to speak of “bracciation” in the usual n. However,

local stress may be temporarily sustained at that depth, as shown by the existence of

deep-focus earthquakes. Thus, short-term effects might be expected to a depth of

more than 50km in the mantle.

Even without knowing the preci effects, there is little doubt that the formation of

a 500-km crater would be a major geological event. Numerous authors have

considered the geological implications of such an event. Donn et al. have, for example,

called on the impact of continent-size bodies of sialic composition to from the original

continents. Two major difficulties inherent in this concept are the lack of any known

sialic meteorites, and the high probability that the energy of impact would result in a

wide dismination of sialic material, rather than its concentration at the point of

impact.

Gilvarry, on the other hand, called on meteoroid impact to explain the production of

ocean basins. The major difficulties with this model are that the morphology of most

of the ocean basins is not consistent with impact, and that the origin and growth of

continents is not adequately explained.

We agree with Donn at al. that the impact of large meteorites or asteroids may have

caud continent formation, but would rather think in terms of the localized addition

of energy to the system, rather than in terms of the addition of actual sialic material.

1. A mare basin is ________.

A. a formula for determining the relationship between the depth and width of craters. B. a valley that is filled in when a spatial body has impact with the moon or the earth.

C. a planetoid (small planet) created when a meteorite, upon striking the moon, breaks

off a part of the moon.

D. a dark spot on the moon, once suppod to be a a, now a plain.

2. The writer does not believe that ________.

A. an asteroid is larger than a meteorite.

B. material from space, upon hitting the earth, was eventually distributed.

C. the earth, at one time, had craters.

D. ocean were formerly craters.

3. The article is primarily concerned with ________.

A. the origin of continents.

B. the relationship between astral phenomena and the moon.

C. differences of opinion among authoritative geologists.

D. the relationship between asteroids and meteorites.

4. Sialic material refers to ________.

A. the broken rock resulting from the impact of a meteorite against the earth.

B. material that exists on planets other than the earth.

C. a composite of rock typical of continental areas of the earth.

D. material that is man-made to simulate materials that existed far back in geological

history.

Vocabulary

1. meteorit 陨石，陨星

2. asteroid （火星和木星轨道间）小行星

3. obliterate 除去，消减……痕迹

4. crater 火山口，陨石坑

5. mare 海，（也指月亮，火星上的）阴暗区

6. impact 撞击

7. impact crater 陨石坑，撞击火山 8. brecciate 合成角砾岩

the zone of brecciation 角砾岩地带

9. mantle 地幔

10. stress 应力

local stress 局部（本身）应力

11. sialic 硅铝的

12. probability 概率，可能性

13. disminate 传播，分散，浸染

14. morphology 组织，结构，形态（学）

15. astral 星（星状体）的

难句译注

1. Unfortunately, the geological evolution of the Earth’s surface has had an

obliterating effect on the original composition and structure of the continents to such

an extent that further terrestrial investigations have small chance of arriving at an

unambiguous answer to the question of continental origin.

[结构简析] 句中用such…that 句型。

[参考译文] 遗憾的是，地球表面的地质变化对大陆原始结构和组成起了抹煞的作用。这种消除作用达到了这种程度，使进一步的大陆的研究工作很难对大陆起源问题去得明确的答案。

2. In the ca of both the Moon and Mars. It is generally concluded from the

appearance of their heavily cratered surfaces that they have been subjected to

bombardment by large meteoroids during their geological history.

[结构简析] in the ca of 就……说，至于……，论到……。

[参考译文] 拿月亮和火星来说，一般都从它们表面严重的陨石坑得出结论：它们在其地质进化过程中遭到过巨大的陨星的撞击。

3. Two major difficulties inherent in this concept are the lack of any known sialic

meteorites, and the high probability that the energy of impact would result in a wide

dismination of sialic material, rather than its concentration at the point of impact. [结构简析] that clau 是high probability 的说明同位语。

[参考译文] 这一概念本身固有的两大难点是缺乏任何已知的硅铝陨石和下列现象的高概率：即撞击的能量会导致硅铝材料广泛分散，而不是集中于撞击点上。

写作方法与文章大意

文章一开始就说明了此文论述“大陆核生成过程中大的陨星的撞击作用。”由于地球表面地质进化抹去了大陆原始结构和组成的痕迹，只好由月亮和火星作为研究对象来说明地球。从三方面来论述：一是鲍德温的方程式，深度和宽度；二是硅铝组成；三是海洋盆地。最后结论。

答案祥解

1. D. 是月球上的一个黑点，一度认识是海，现在知道是平原。Mare basin海盆地。词义本身说明D项对。另一方面，第二段开始提及“鲍德温所列出的月球上最大的陨石坑直径为285公里。可是，如果我们接受了某些由于撞击而形成海盆地的结构假设，那么月球上最大陨石坑的直径可能有650公里大。”这里都说mare

basin指的是月球上陨石坑。这就排除了A，B，C三个选项。

A. 是测定陨石坑深度和宽度的公式。 B. 当某一天体或地球撞击时填入的深谷。 C. 当陨星撞击月亮时，撞掉的部分月亮而形成小星体。

2. D. 海洋是原来的陨石坑。倒数第二段“另一方面，Gilvarry 用陨星撞击来解释海洋盆地的形成。这一模式的最大困难在于大多数海洋盆地结构和撞击情况不符。”

A. 小行星大于陨星。 B. 来自太空的材料，在撞击地球时，均匀分布。 C.

地球一度有过陨石坑。这三项明显不对， 谈不上相信不相信。

3. A. 大陆起源。这在文章一开始就点明“大陆核起源长期以来一直是个谜。进展到现在的理论一般都不能说明大陆生长的第一步情况，或者遭到严厉的反对。这篇文章的目的就是要研究大陨星或小行星的撞击在地球核生成中可能起的作用。”另见难句译注1。

B. 星际现象和月球的关系。 C. 权威地质学家意见分歧。 D. 小行星和陨星之间的关系。 4. C. 地球大陆地区特有的岩石构成。第三段第三句：“举例说，Donnetal.提出大陆区域大小的，硅铝结构的天体撞击形成最初的大陆块的设想。”其它见难句译注3。

A. 由于陨星撞击地球形成破碎的岩石。 B. 存在于地球之外其它星球的材料。

C. 人造材料模拟存在于遥远地质史上的材料。三项文内都没有提到。

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