VOA建国史话文本(中英对照)031

更新时间:2023-11-30 23:25:01 阅读: 评论:0

文殊讲堂-落后反义词

VOA建国史话文本(中英对照)031
2023年11月30日发(作者:正字戏)

VOA

31HowaDisputeHelpedLeadtoModernPartySystem··········1

32JohnAdamsIsElectedNation’sSecondPresident············7

33AdamsAvoidsWarWithFrance,SignsAlienandSeditionActs····14

34JeffersonIsElectedPresidentin1800,ButOnlyonthe36thVote···20

35Jefferson,atInaugural,UrgesUnityofHeartsandMinds·······27

36JeffersonBeginsPresidencyWithaLoyalCabinet············30

37JeffersonMovestoCutDebt,Spending···················36

38JeffersonGetsLouisianaTerritoryFromFrance·············42

39ASupremeCourtJusticeIsPutonTrialin1805·············49

40TheTreasonTrialofAaronBurr,FormerVP···············56

·i·

31HowaDisputeHelpedLeadtoModernPartySystem

31顿的共和

WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATIONAmericanhistoryinVOASpecial

English.

ThomasJeffersonandAlexanderHamiltonhadopposingideasabouthowthenew

nationshouldbegoverned.Theirdisputehelpedcreatethesystemofpoliticalpar-

tiesintheUnitedStates.Thisweekinourries,MauriceJoyceandBlakeLanum

havemoreinourstoryofthetwoearlyAmericanleaders.

·

·

·

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

TheFederalistParty,ledbyTreasurySecretaryAlexanderHamilton,supported

astrongnationalgovernmentwithapowerfulpresidentandcourts.Federalists

thoughtmenofmoneyandpositionshouldrulethecountry.

·导的

由有

Andtheydidintheearlyventeennineties.FederalistscontrolledtheCongress.

Theyalsohadgreatinfluenceoverthenation’sfirstpresident,GeorgeWashington.

声势

·深受

TheRepublicans,ledbySecretaryofStateThomasJefferson,didnotwantastrong

nationalgovernmentwithunlimitedpowers.Andtheybelievedpoliticalpower

shouldbespreadthroughoutthepopulation.

·导的共和

政治

VOICEONE:

Thetwosidescarriedonawarofwordsintheirpartynewspapers.Historians

believeHamiltonhimlfwrotemuchofwhatappearedintheFederalistpaper.

Jefferson,theybelieve,actedmostlyasanadvirtotheRepublicanpaper.

的党烈论

·1·

共和

Bothpaperscarriedunsignedarticlesattackingtheopposition.Bothprintedstories

thatwerefal.Attimes,theattackswerepersonal.Manypeoplefelttwocabinet

cretariesshouldbeabovethatkindofpublicfighting.

并不属实

VOICETWO:

TowardtheendofpresidentWashington’sfirstadministration,hereceivedalet-

terfromJefferson.TheSecretaryofStatesaidheplannedtoresign.Hesaidhe

disagreedwithmostoftheadministration’snationalandforeignpolicies.Hedid

notnameHamilton.Itwasnotnecessary.Washingtonknewwhathemeant.For

Hamiltonwasthechiefplannerofthopolicies.

即将··

此打

Thepresidenttriedtomakepeacebetweenthetwomen.Helikedthemandrespect-

edthem.Hebelievedthenewnationneededtheskillsofbothmen.However,the

disputehadgonetoofar.Itwasnowmorethanjustaquestionoftwostrongmen

whocouldnotagree.Itwasabattleoftwocompletelydifferentphilosophiesof

government.

·

政治

VOICEONE:

WashingtondidnotsucceedinmakingpeacebetweenJeffersonandHamilton.But

Jeffersondecidednottoresign.Inalettertohisdaughter,Jeffersonsaid:"the

attacksonmehavechangedadecisionwhichIdidnotthinkcouldpossiblybe

changed.Imustremainandfight."

和汉顿的

为无

·2·

TheideaoforganizedpoliticalpartieswasnewintheUnitedStates.Therewere

nolawssayingwhattheycouldorcouldnotdo.Therewerenorestrictionsonthe

politicalactivitiesofgovernmentofficials.So,whilecontinuingtorveasSecre-

taryofState,JeffersonbeganworkingtogethissupporterselectedtoCongress.He

believedthatwastheonlywaytofightHamilton.Nationalelectionsweretfor

venteenninety-two.

政治

1792

VOICETWO:

Therewasnodisputeaboutthehighestoffice.Inventeenninety-two,everyone

wantedGeorgeWashingtontobeelectedpresidentagain.However,manyRepubli-

canssawnoreasontore-electJohnAdamsasvicepresident.Adamswasapatriot

andhadrvedhiscountrywell.Buthewasnotdemocratic.Hemadenocretof

hisopinionthatmenborntotheupperclassshouldrule.

1792·

共和·

RepublicanshadanotherreasontocampaignagainsttheFederalists.Hamilton’s

financialpoliciesmadeitpossibleforbankersandothermoneylenderstoinvest

inallkindsofdeals.Onemandidthiswithinformationhegotasahigh-level

TreasuryDepartmentofficial.Hisinvestmentsturnedbadandhisbusinessfailed.

Thiscaudotherbusinesstofail.TherewasafinancialcrashinNewYorkCity,

thecenterofbusinessintheUnitedStates.

共和顿的

买卖

使

VOICEONE:

TheFederalistswerestronginthenortheast.ButtheRepublicansweregaining

strengtheverywhereel.TheelectionofRepublicanreprentativestoCongress

inventeenninety-twowouldmakethemanimportantforceintheHouofRep-

rentatives.

·3·

共和1792北部

共和1792

力量

TheRepublicansdidnot,however,winthevicepresidency.Thatofficewentonce

againtoFederalistJohnAdams.PerhapstheonethingthatsavedAdamswasthe

beliefofmanyAmericansthatPresidentWashingtonwantedhimagainasvicepres-

ident.YetAdamsdidnotwinaclearvictory.Theelectorsfromfourstatesvoted

forRepublicanGeorgeClintonofNewYork.OnestatevotedforJefferson,though

hewasnotacandidate.

共和·

·

13

共和·顿的

并不

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

Theyearventeenninety-threesawachangeinAlexanderHamilton’spolitical

powers.TheRepublicansintheHouofReprentativesdemandedanswersto

questionsabouthisfinancialprograms.WhydidtheTreasurySecretaryrefuto

giveCongressallthefactsaboutgovernmentplanstoborrow,tolend,andtotax?

1793·顿的政治共和

拒绝事实

Forfouryears,theHouhadpasdallthelawsHamiltonaskedforwithoutbeing

toldwhythelawswereneeded.Inhisopinion,thatwastheonlywaytogovern.

Now,theHouwantedtoknowmore.

顿的

种种

VOICEONE:

Hamiltonconsideredtherequestaninsult.Yetheansweredit.Heproducedfour

reportsaboutTreasuryDepartmentactivities.Republicansarchedthereportsfor

proofthatHamiltonandhisFederalistfriendshadbeendishonest.Theyfoundno

suchproof.Andtheydidnotaccuhimoftakingmoneyforhimlf.Butthey

attackedhimonveralotherissues.

·4·

共和

们没

污枉

Forexample,theysaidHamiltonhadnotfollowedPresidentWashington’sinstruc-

tionsfordealingwiththenation’sforeignloans.

共和

TheysaidhepaidtoomuchinteresttotheNationalBankoftheUnitedStates.And,

theysaidhedidnotcarefullyobeylawspasdbyCongressconcerningtheuof

governmentmoney.

央银

使

VOICETWO:

FederalistmembersofCongressansweredtheaccusations.Theydeclaredagainand

againthattheRepublicanshadnotbeenabletoproveevenonecriminalactbythe

TreasurySecretary.

共和

TheattempttoforceHamiltonoutofofficefailed.ButHamiltonhimlfwasready

toleave.Hewassatisfiedwiththeworkhehaddone.Morethananyotherman,he

hadshapedthepoliciesoftheUnitedStatesforthefirstfiveyearsofitsexistence.

Hewassuretheyoungnationwouldcontinuetobegovernedbythepoliticalideas

hesupported.HamiltonwenttoNewYorkCitytoworkasalawyerandspendmore

timewithhisfamily.

共和顿对

多的延续政治

多的

(MUSIC)

VOICEONE:

MostAmericanswerenotexcitedbythedebatebetweenFederalistsandRepubli-

cansonsuchissuesastheBankoftheUnitedStates.Farmersandlaborersdidnot

understandeconomics.ButtheFrenchRevolutionwassomethingel.

·5·

和共和央银并不

一样

FederalistsoppodtheFrenchRevolution.Theydenouncedtheviolenceandthe

murderofthekingandqueen.Theyalsowantedcloreconomicandpoliticalties

withBritain.Republicanswelcomedtherevolution.Theysawitasafightforliberty

anddemocracythesameideastheyfoughtforagainstBritain.Besides,theysaid,

BritainwasnofriendofAmerica.

王王

政治共和人却

主之的独

BritainstillheldlandinthewesternUnitedStatesinviolationofthepeacetreaty

betweenthetwocountries.BritainstillpaidNativeAmericanIndianstokillWhite

ttlersinfrontierareas.AndBritainstilltooksailorsoffAmericanshipsandforced

themtorveinitsNavy.

西

人杀西

国海

VOICETWO:

TherevolutioninFranceputtheUnitedStatesinadifficultsituation.Thesituation

becameworwhenthekingsofEuropenttheirarmiesagainstthenewFrench

republic.TheUnitedStateshadatreatywithFrance.IthadagreedtoaidFranceif

Francewereattacked.ButPresidentWashingtonfirmlybelievedtheUnitedStates

shouldnotbecomeinvolvedinthepoliticsofEurope.SohedeclaredtheUnited

Stateswouldremainneutral.

尴尬西共和国

退

·洲政治

VOICEONE:

ThedeclarationwasavictoryfortheFederalists.Theystillhadagreatdealofin-

fluenceoverPresidentWashington.Butwhatwouldtheydoafterventeenninety-

six?Washington’scondtermwouldcometoanendthatyear.Andhehadan-

nouncedhewouldnotrunagain.

·在这

·6·

定的1796

布不

Atthattime,theConstitutiondidnotlimitthenumberofpresidentialterms.Yet,

GeorgeWashingtonfelttwowasenough.Whowasthemostlikelycandidateto

succeedhim?Thatwillbeourstorynextweek.

·

(MUSIC)

ANNOUNCER:

OurprogramwaswrittenbyChristineJohnson.ThenarratorswereMauriceJoyce

andBlakeLanum.JoinusagainnextweekforTHEMAKINGOFANATION,an

AmericanhistoryriesinVOASpecialEnglish.

32JohnAdamsIsElectedNation’sSecondPresident

32

ANNOUNCER:

WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATIONAmericanhistoryinVOASpecial

English.

Theyearventeenninety-sixsawachangeinAmericanpolitics.Thatyear,the

newnationhelditsthirdpresidentialelection.Andforthefirsttime,therewas

morethanonecandidate.

·

政治1796

GeorgeWashingtonwonthefirsttwoelectionswithoutopposition.Butnowthere

weretwopoliticalparties.TheFederalistswereledbyformerTreasurySecre-

taryAlexanderHamilton.TheRepublicanswereledbyformerSecretaryofState

ThomasJefferson.

·顿当1796

和共和·

·

Thisweekinourries,HarryMonroeandKayGallanttellthestoryoftheelection

·7·

ofventeenninety-sixandthewinner,JohnAdams.

VOICETWO:

MostpeopleexpectedJohnAdamstowin.Hewaswellknownthroughoutthe

country.HehadcampaignedforAmericanindependencefromBritishrule.Hehad

rvedasadiplomatinEuropeandasthefirstAmericanministertoBritain.He

wasWashington’schoiceforvicepresidentandhadrvedinthatpositionfortwo

terms.

·

的第

·

AdamswasaFederalist.ButhewasnotlikeotherFederalistsloyaltoAlexander

Hamilton.SoHamiltonworkedagainstAdams.Hetriedtowinelectoralsupport

forhisowncandidateforpresident,ThomasPinckneyofSouthCarolina.

一样并不

反而

·

VOICEONE:

Atlast,thedayarrivedforcountingthevotes.TheFederalistswereshockedbythe

results.Seventy-oneelectorsvotedforJohnAdams.Sixty-eightvotedforRepubli-

canThomasJefferson.OnlysixtyvotedforHamilton’schoice,ThomasPinckney.

·71

·68·得到

60

Undertheelectoralsystemudatthattime,thecandidatewiththemostvotes

becamepresident.Thecandidatewiththenextlargestnumberofvotesbecamevice

president.SoAmerica’scondpresidentwouldbeJohnAdams.Itscondvice

presidentwouldbeThomasJefferson.

多的

·的第·

VOICETWO:

Jeffersonhadresignedfrompublicrviceafewyearsearlier.Buthedecidedto

accepthiselectionasvicepresident.HewrotetohisfriendJamesMadison:"Iam

willingtorveunderPresidentAdams.IbelieveAdamsistheonlymanwhocan

·8·

stopAlexanderHamiltonfrombecomingpresidentineighteenhundred."

早在

·

1800

ToAdamshimlf,Jeffersonwrotethathevaluedtheirlongfriendshipandhoped

itwouldcontinue.Republicannewspaperscarriedarticlesthatwerefriendlyto

FederalistJohnAdamsthefirsttimetheyhaddoneso.

斯说

共和也一·

(MUSIC)

VOICEONE:

WhenAdamsandJeffersontookofficeinMarch,venteenninety-ven,some

Federalistsbelievedtheirpoliticalpowerhadcometoanend.ButAlexanderHamil-

ton,sittinginhislawofficeinNewYorkCity,didnotlohope.Heknewhestill

controlledthetopFederalistleadersinCongress.

1797逊宣政治

师事

仍然之中

Morethanthat,hebelievedheknewhowtocontrolJohnAdams.

·

ThenewpresidentmadeHamilton’sjobeasy.AdamskeptPresidentWashington’s

cabinet.ThethreemenwhowereWashington’schiefgovernmentofficialswould

nowadviPresidentAdams.WashingtonhadappointedthematHamilton’sre-

quest.AndtheyalwaysdidwhatHamiltontoldthemtodo.

上任改革留了

都对

VOICETWO:

HistoriansstillcannotexplainwhyJohnAdamsamanwhodidnotlikeortrust

AlexanderHamiltonkeptthethreecabinetcretaries.Ifthecretarieshadbeen

menofgreatability,thenthatmightbeanexplanation.Buttheywerenot.

·9·

事实

Onewasacretaryofstatewhoknewverylittleaboutforeignrelations.The

condwasacretaryofthetreasurywhoknewlessaboutfinance.Thethirdwas

acretaryofwarwhoknewnothingaboutmilitarymattersanddefen.

Adamsmayhavekeptthemenasanactofpartyunity.Orhemayhavekeptthem

becauhecouldnotgetanyoneel.

VOICEONE:

Whateverhisreason,thedecisionwaspoliticallycostly,forthethreemenworked

togetheragainsthim.PresidentAdamstoldhiscabinetcretarieswhathewanted.

ThentheywenttoAlexanderHamiltonfororders.

政治

顿的

Intheend,thecretactivitieshelpeddestroytheFederalistParty.Andso,they

madetheadministrationofJohnAdamsoneofthemostexcitingandimportant

periodsinthepoliticalhistoryoftheUnitedStates.

秘密党的使·

动的

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

Aswesaidearlier,JohnAdamswasagreatmanandatruepatriot.Hewasbornin

thevillageofBraintree,Massachutts,inventeenthirty-five.Hewantedtobea

farmer.ButhewasnttoHarvardCollegetostudytobeaclergyman.Hehadno

interestinthislifeandbecamealawyer,instead.

·1735

对当

IntheyearsbeforetheAmericanRevolution,JohnAdamswrotearticlesabout

·10·

theinjusticeofBritishrule.HealsobecameadelegatetotheFirstContinental

Congress.HeurgedtheCongresstoappointGeorgeWashingtonascommander-in-

chiefofAmericanforces.HearguedforthecreationofanAmericanNavy.Andhe

helpeddeveloptheresolutionsdeclaringAmericanindependence.

促大·

宣言

VOICEONE:

AdamsspentmostofthewaryearsinEurope.HehelpedwinDutchrecognitionof

thenewAmericannation.HealsonegotiatedaloanfromtheDutchgovernment,

aswellasatreatyoffriendshipandcommerce.AfterAmericanforcesdefeated

Britishforces,hehelpednegotiatethepeacetreatybetweenthetwocountries.Then

hervedasthefirstAmericanministertoBritain.

他说

得到

国和

Adams,likeotherFederalists,believedthatmenofmoneyandpositionshouldgov-

ernAmerica.Hedidnottrustthecommonpeople.Hedidnotsupportdemocracy.

Heoncewrote:"InthecityofBoston,therearefournoblefamilies.Theyarejust

asmuchanobleclassasthenobilityofBritainorSpain.Anditisgoodthatthis

aristocracyexists."

一样由有

西在真

YetJohnAdamshadadeeploveforhiscountry.Hewoulddowhateverwasneces-

sarytokeepitfree.

·深深

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

Adamswasextremelyintelligentandwasathoughtful,livelywriter.However,he

oftenactedverycoldlyandsaidlittle.Orhebecameangryeasily.Hisbestfriend

probablywashiswife,Abigail.Hehadfewotherfriends.

·11·

往往

脾气

Adams’personalweaknesscaudtroubleduringhispresidency.Hebelongedto

theFederalistParty.Buthedidnotwanttobecomeinvolvedinpartyarguments.

Andhedidnotwanttomakeallthecompromisnecessaryintheworldofpolitics.

So,otherFederalistsoftenworkedagainsthim.

了麻

之争政治

VOICEONE:

Notmanypeoplereallylikedthisdifficult,aristocraticman.Strangelyenough,one

ofthefewwhodidwasThomasJefferson.

气派围为

多的·

Thiswasstrange,becauJefferson’spoliticalphilosophywasoppodtoevery-

thingAdamsreprented.

政治斯所政治

PerhapsJeffersonlikedAdamsbecauherespectedhimforhisintelligence.Per-

hapsheneverforgotthatAdamshadfoughthardforAmericanindependence.Or

perhapsheunderstoodthat,underAdams’lfishnessandweakness,therewas

anhonestmanwhowoulddoanythingforhiscountry.

未忘

到底斯虽软弱

However,therewerenotmanylikeJefferson.Mostmeninpoliticsjustdidnotlike

Adams.Theyudthisfactasaweapon.Itwassuchastrongweaponthatitmade

peopleforgetwhatJeffersonremembered.JohnAdamshadagoodmindandloved

theUnitedStates.Hehadgivenmanyyearsofhislifetotheyoungnationand

shouldbehonoredforit.

并不

事实为武

的东西·

·12·

VOICETWO:

Federalistleaders,especially,appealedtoAdams’weaknesswhentheywanted

hissupport.

Forexample,theyknewAdamswasjealousofPresidentWashington.Adamsfelt

Washingtonreceivedtoomuchhonor,whilehereceivednotenough.Sometimes,

ifAdamsknewthepresident’sopiniononaquestion,hewoulddevelopadifferent

opinion.YetWashingtonlikeJeffersonrespectedAdams.Hefeltthenewnation

neededAdams’skills.

得的

得的

一样

VOICEONE:

Adamswonthepresidencyinventeenninety-six.Buthistermwouldbedifficult.

Hisownparty,theFederalists,didnottrusthim.Andhedidnothavethesupportof

thegeneralpublic.Thepeopleknewhedidnotlikethem.

1796重重的党

并不并不

Adamsdidnotexpectthejobtobeeasy.Heoncewrote:"Inpolitics,amanmust

alwayswalkonbrokenglassandred-hotiron.Itisnoteasytodothiswhenyou

arenotwearingshoes.Butsomemenmustdoit.Therearemanydangerousthings

thathavetobedoneforourcountryinthedangeroustimes.Ifnobodyelwill

dothem,Iwill."

穿

WewillcontinuethestoryofJohnAdamsnextweek.

(MUSIC)

ANNOUNCER:

OurprogramwaswrittenbyHaroldBravermanandChristineJohnson.Thenar-

ratorswereHarryMonroeandKayGallant.JoinusagainnextweekforTHE

MAKINGOFANATION,anAmericanhistoryriesinVOASpecialEnglish.

·13·

33AdamsAvoidsWarWithFrance,SignsAlienandSedition

Acts

33

WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATIONanAmericanhistoryriesinVOA

SpecialEnglish.Thisweekonourprogram,wecontinuethestoryofAmerica’s

condpresident,JohnAdams.HereareMauriceJoyceandRichardRael.

VOICETWO:

JohnAdamstookofficeinventeenninety-ven.Hehadrvedeightyearsas

vicepresidentunderPresidentGeorgeWashington.Now,stateelectorshadchon

himtogovernthenewnation.

.1797

Adamswasanintelligentman.Hewasatruepatriotandanablediplomat.Buthe

didnotlikepartypolitics.Thisweaknesscaudtroubleduringhispresidency.For,

duringthelateventeenhundreds,twopoliticalpartiesstruggledforpower.He

wascaughtinthemiddle.

并不

政治

共和

VOICEONE:

AdamswasamemberoftheFederalistParty.Aspresident,heshouldhavebeen

partyleader.Butthispositionbelongedtoamanwhoreallyknewhowtogetand

upoliticalpower,AlexanderHamilton.Hamiltonrvedastreasurycretary

underPresidentWashington.

.牢牢.

政治

Now,hewasaprivatecitizen,alawyerinNewYorkCity.ThroughtheFederalist

Party,Hamiltoncontinuedtohavegreatinfluenceoverthenationalgovernment.

FederalistsloyaltoHamiltoncontrolledtheCongress.EvenPresidentAdams’three

cabinetministerswereloyaltoHamilton.Infact,theyworkedtogetheragainstthe

newpresident.

退了律师事

·14·

党的力量顿的

ThispoliticalsituationmadeAdams’terminofficeverydifficult.Yetstrangely,it

alsoledtotheendofFederalistPartypower.

VOICETWO:

TwomajorissuesmarkedAdams’presidency.Oneconcernedforeignpolicy.The

otherconcernedtherightsofcitizens.

ThefirstinvolvedAmerica’srelationswithFrance.

Federalists,ingeneral,weremenofwealthandposition.Theydidnotbelievein

democracy,rulebythepeople.Forthisreason,theystronglyoppodtherevolution

inFrance.TheywerehorrifiedbytheexecutionoftheFrenchkingandqueen.

FederalistswantedanalliancewithBritain.Overtime,theydemandedwarwith

France.

国国

(MUSIC)

VOICEONE:

AmericansupportforFrancecamefromtheoppositionparty,theRepublicans.The

leaderofthatpartywasthecountry’svicepresident,ThomasJefferson.

统托.导的共和

FrancehelpedAmericawinitswarforindependencefromBritain.Thefriendship

formedduringthewarcontinuedafterwardwhenThomasJeffersonrvedasMin-

istertoParis.Relationsbegantoturnbadassoonashereturnedhome.

ThemanwhoreplacedhimopenlysupportedtheFrenchmonarchythelosing

sideintherevolution.Aftertherevolutionsucceeded,thenewFrenchgovernment

demandedthatheleave.

·15·

VOICETWO:

MostFederalistsdidnotwantgoodrelationswithFrance.Theyudtheirpower

topreventthegovernmentfromndingapro-FrenchreprentativetoParis.They

alsoarchedforanysignsofinsult,anyexcutodeclarewar.

好关法防止政

遣亲使

PresidentAdamsdidnotagreewiththemajorityofFederalists.Hewantedtoim-

proverelationswithFrancethroughnegotiations.YethesaidtheUnitedStates

wouldstrengthenitsdefens.Wewillbeready,hesaid,ifwarcomes.

党的

VOICEONE:

Oneincident,especially,broughtthetwonationsclotowar.ItisknowninAmer-

icanhistorybooksasthe"X,YandZAffair."

XYZ使国和

PresidentAdamshadappointedacommitteeofthreeministerstonegotiatewith

theFrenchgovernment.Frenchofficialskeptthethreemenwaitingforveral

weeks.Whiletheywaited,theyhadavisitfromthreeFrenchmenlatercalledX,

YandZ.

国官访

XYZ

X,YandZtoldtheAmericansthatFrancewouldsignanagreementiftheUnited

Statesdidthreethings.

IthadtolendtheFrenchgovernmenttwelvemilliondollars.Ithadtoapologizefor

anti-FrenchstatementsinarecentmessagefromPresidentAdamstotheAmerican

Congress.AndithadtopaytheFrenchforeignministertwohundredfiftythousand

dollars.

·16·

国国反法25

VOICETWO:

TheAmericanministerswerewillingtopay.Buttheywantedtosigntheagreement

first.TheFrenchforeignministerrefud.Firstthemoney,thentheagreement.

拒绝

TheFederalistsfinallyhadtheexcutheywerelookingfor.Francehadinsulted

theUnitedStates.Wemustanswertheinsult.Theonlyanswerwaswar.Federalist

newspapersaddedfueltothefirebypublishinganti-Frenchpropaganda.Inafew

places,pro-wargroupsbecameviolent.

反法

团体

TheRepublicanPartycoulddolittle.EvenThomasJeffersonwashelpless.He

remainedinPhiladelphia,thecapitaloftheUnitedStatesatthattime.Buthehad

fewfriendsthereanymore.

共和莫能

(MUSIC)

VOICEONE:

Congressquicklypasdlawstocreateapermanentarmyandnavy.Italsoapproved

newtaxestopayforthem.

国和国国

和海用于

Twonewlawspasdbyasmallvote.Buttheygreatlyincreadthepowersof

thenationalgovernment.ThelawswereknownastheAlienandSeditionActs.

Federalistssaidtheywerenecessarytoprotectnationalcurity.But,ineffect,the

FederalistsudthemtoweakenthepoweroftheRepublicanParty.

会还了另

事实共和力量

VOICETWO:

·17·

UndertheAlienAct,thepresidentcouldaccuanyforeignerlivingintheUnited

Statesofbeingathreattonationalcurity.Hecouldorderthatpersonoutofthe

country.

责在国国

Theactalsoincreadthetimeaforeignerhadtowaittobecomeacitizen,from

fiveyearstofourteenyears.

人入

Republicanswerefurious.Mostforeigners,whentheybecamenaturalizedcitizens,

joinedtheRepublicanParty.

共和人入共和

RepublicansarguedthattheAlienActviolatedtheConstitution.Theysaiditgave

thegovernmentmorepowersthanwerestatedintheConstitution.Federalistssaid

theactwasConstitutional.TheysaidtheConstitutiongavethegovernmenttheright

todefendthecountryagainstforeignaggression.

共和人认使

定的人却认

VOICEONE:

Theotherlaw,theSeditionAct,barredthepublicationofanythingthatmightincite

publichostilityagainstthegovernment.

敌对

RepublicansarguedthatthisactviolatedAmericans’Constitutionalrightsoffree

speechandafreepress.Federalists,onceagain,defendeditasnecessaryforna-

tionalcurity.

共和定的

TheFederaliststriedtoutheSeditionActtoquietRepublicancriticsofPresident

Adams’administration.Abouttwenty-fivepersonswerechargedundertheSedition

act.TheincludedveralleadingRepublicannewspapermenandaRepublican

memberofCongress.

批判

·18·

共和员在25

Someofthemenweretriedandfoundguiltyandnttoprison.ButotherRe-

publicanstooktheirplacesinthefightagainsttheact.TheFederalistplantostop

criticismdidnotsucceed.

共和

批判

VOICETWO:

PresidentAdamshadsignedtheAlienandSeditionActsintolaw.Hebelievedthey

werenecessarytoprotecttheUnitedStatesatatimewhenwarwithFrancewasstill

possible.

使

Then,inearlyventeenninety-nine,AdamsreceivedveralreportsthatFrance

wasreadytoreopennegotiationsonimprovingrelations.Heimmediatelynominat-

edanewministertoFrance.Federalistnatorsthreatenedtorejectthenomination.

Intheend,Adamsagreedtonominateacommitteeofthreeministers.TheSenate

approvedthem.

1799国关

VOICEONE:

ItwasmanymonthsbeforethethreemenwenttoFrancetonegotiatetheagreement.

Anditwasmanymoremonthsbeforetheycompletedtheirwork.Buttheydidso

onSeptemberthirtieth,eighteenhundred.

1800930

Afterveralyearsofbitterpoliticalstruggleathome,PresidentAdamsfinally

preventedwarwithFrance.Laterhewrote:"ThereisonethingIwouldliketobe

rememberedformorethananythingel.Igavemylfthetaskofmakingpeace

withFrance.AndIsucceeded."

政治

·19·

VOICETWO:

TheyeareighteenhundredwasanotherpresidentialelectionyearintheUnitedS-

tates.TheFederalistPartyappearedtobedying.Itfailedinitsefforttoforcethe

nationintowarwithFrance.AnditfailedtosilenceitscriticsthroughtheAlienand

SeditionActs.Partyleadersknewtheelectionwouldbetheirlastchancetokeep

politicalpower.

1800上去

批判

次大抓住政治后机会

TheRepublicanPartyhadmorepopularsupport.Italsohadgainedanincreasing

numberofatsinstatelegislaturesandthenationalCongress.PartyleaderThomas

JeffersonwassuretobeelectedpresidentunlesstheFederalistscouldfindaway

tochangetheelectoralprocess.

共和

共和·

的道是胜

Thatwillbeourstorynextweek.

(MUSIC)

ANNOUNCER:

OurprogramwaswrittenbyChristineJohnson.ThenarratorswereMauriceJoyce

andRichardRael.JoinusagainforTHEMAKINGOFANATION,anAmerican

historyriesinVOASpecialEnglish.Nextweekoursubjectwillbetheelection

ofeighteenhundred.

34JeffersonIsElectedPresidentin1800,ButOnlyonthe36th

Vote

341800·

WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATIONanAmericanhistoryriesinVOA

SpecialEnglish.

Thepresidentialelectionofeighteenhundredisoursubjectthisweek.Thecan-

didatesincludedPresidentJohnAdamsoftheFederalistPartyandVicePresident

ThomasJeffersonoftheRepublicanParty.HerewithourstoryareFrankOliverand

ShepO’Neal.

·20·

1800

.-共和.

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

Aspresident,JohnAdamswasheadoftheFederalistParty.Butthepowerofthat

positionbelonged,infact,toformertreasurycretaryAlexanderHamilton.

党的权却

.顿的

Forthisandotherreasons,AdamsdidnotlikeHamilton.Hesaid:"ThomasJef-

fersonwillbeagoodpresident,ifelected.IwouldratherbeaministertoEurope

underJeffersonthantobeapresidentcontrolledbyHamilton."

种种

.常出使

HamiltondidnotlikeAdams.HedideverythinghecouldtoblockAdamsfrom

becomingpresidentagain.HegavehissupporttoanotherFederalistcandidate,

CharlesCotesworthPinckneyofSouthCarolina.

竭尽

党的.

Undertheelectoralsystemofthattime,thecandidatewiththemostvotesbecame

president.Thecandidatewiththecondhighestnumberofvotesbecamevice

president.

多的多的

VOICEONE:

AFederalistvictoryintheelectionofeighteenhundredwouldnotbeeasy.The

RepublicanshadaverystrongandpopularcandidateThomasJefferson.So,Fed-

eralistPartyleadersattemptedtochangetheelectoralsystem.

1800并不共和

.

TheConstitutionsaidstatelegislaturesweretochooelectorstovoteforpresident.

TheFederaliststriedtogaincontroloverthelegislatures’decisions.

·21·

定的

TheywantedCongresstocreateaspecialcommitteetoruleifanelectorhador

didnothavetherighttovote.Thecommitteecouldsayifanelector’svoteshould

becountedorthrownaway.

VOICETWO:

ThecommitteewouldhavesixmembersfromtheSenateandsixmembersfrom

theHouofReprentatives.Thethirteenthmemberwouldbethechiefjusticeof

theUnitedStates.CreatingsuchacommitteeviolatedtheConstitution.Federalist

leadersknewthis.So,theywantedCongresstoapprovethecommittee,butkeep

themeasurecretuntilaftertheelection.

得到

TheFederalistsheldamajorityofatsintheSenate.AndtheSenatevotedtoap-

provetheproposal.ButsomeFederalistmembersoftheHouofReprentatives

denouncedit.Theymademanychangesintheproposal.TheSenaterefudto

acceptthechanges.WithoutagreementbybothhousofCongress,thebilldied.

院占

异议

使

Federalistleaderssawtheirhopesforanelectionvictorybegintodisappear.

VOICEONE:

Bythesummerofeighteenhundred,ThomasJefferson’sRepublicanPartyhad

strongleadersineverystate.Ithadmanynewspaperstoexpresspartyideas.J-

effersondecidedtotakeaholidayatMonticello,hisfarminVirginia.

1800.导的共和党的遍布

TheRepublicanPartyleaderinNewYorkwasalawyer,AaronBurr.Burrhad

rvedasanofficerunderGeneralGeorgeWashingtonduringAmerica’swarfor

·22·

independencefromBritain.Afterthewar,hejoinedtheFederalistPartyandwas

electedtotheUnitedStatesSenate.Later,hechangedpartiesandbecameaRepub-

lican.

共和.

.顿的

共和

Ineighteenhundred,agroupofbothFederalistsandRepublicanssupportedhimas

acandidateforpresident.

1800共和

VOICETWO:

AaronBurrandAlexanderHamiltonwerebitterenemies.WhenHamiltonlearned

ofaplanbyhisownpartytoelectBurrpresident,insteadofJefferson,hisreaction

wasquickandsharp.

顿得导的

消息

"Anybody,"hesaid,"evenThomasJefferson,isbetterthanAaronBurr.Jefferson

isnotdangerous.Burris.Jefferson’sideasofgovernmentarewrong.Butatleast

heisanhonestman.Burrisamanwithouthonestyandcharacter.Hewilldestroy

America."

他说..并不

会毁

VOICEONE:

Thepresidentelectedineighteenhundredwouldgoverninanewcapitalcity.The

nationalgovernmentwouldmovefromPhiladelphiatoWashington,anewlybuilt

cityintheDistrictofColumbia.ItwasonthePotomacRiverbetweenthestatesof

MarylandandVirginia.

里兰

州中

WhenPresidentAdamsandhiswifeAbigailarrivedinWashington,D.C.,they

foundafrontiertown.Therewerefewhousorstreets.MissusAdamscouldnot

believewhatshesaw.Shewrotetoherdaughter:

到的

·23·

道都信眼

"Thisisacityonlybecauwecallitacity.Ourhouhereisverybig.Butthe

roomsarenotfinished.Thereisalmostnofurniture.Therearenotenoughlamps

forlight."

为我

VOICETWO:

AstreetcalledPennsylvaniaAvenuewentfromthepresident’shoutotheCapitol

buildingwhereCongresswouldmeet.Oneachsideofthestreetwherebuildings

standtodaytherewerefieldsofmud.

Thiswasthenewfederalcity,thenewcapitaloftheUnitedStates.Thiswaswhere

thewinnerofthepresidentialelectionofeighteenhundredwouldbeginhistermof

office.

1800在这

VOICEONE:

GeorgeWashingtonwonAmerica’sfirsttwopresidentialelectionswithoutopposi-

tion.JohnAdamswonthethirdpresidentialelectionbythreevotes.Thistime,in

eighteenhundred,therewasnoclearwinner.

..

区区1800

Whentheelectors’voteswerecounted,PresidentAdamshadsixty-fivevotes.But

ThomasJeffersonandAaronBurreachhadventy-threevotes.So,underthe

Constitution,theHouofReprentativeswouldchoobetweenJeffersonorBurr

thecandidateswiththehighestnumberofvotes.

点的65..尔分

73在这

Eachcongressmancouldvote.Buteachstatehadjustonevote.Thatvotewouldgo

·24·

tothecandidatesupportedbyamajorityofcongressmenfromthestate.Acandidate

hadtoreceiveamajorityofthestatevotestowin.Ineighteenhundred,thatwas

nineofthesixteenstates.

他所

VOICETWO:

TheFederalistssawthesituationastheirlastchancetocontrolthepresidency.They

hadtwoplans.TheywouldtrytoblocktheCongressfromelectingeitherJefferson

orBurraspresident.Thentheywouldtrytofindawaytoputexecutivepowerin

thehandsofaFederalist.Ifthatplanfailed,theywerepreparedtoelectBurr.

人认机会

TheFederaliststriedtomakepeoplebelievethatBurrwasworkingwiththem,

againstJefferson.Burrdeniedthis.InalettertoJefferson,Burrwrote:

站在

"EveryRepublicanwantsyoutobepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Everygood

Republicanwantstorveunderyou.Iwouldbehappyandhonoredtobeyour

vicepresident.And,ifyoubelieveIcouldhelpyoubetterinsomeotherposition,I

woulddoso."

共和

共和望为

VOICEONE:

OnFebruaryeleventh,theHouofReprentativesbegantocountvotes,stateby

state.EightstateschoJefferson.SixchoBurr.Thereprentativesoftwostates

MarylandandVermontgaveeachmananequalnumberofvotes.Therewasno

majoritywithinthostates.Soneithermanwonthevotesofthostates.

1800211

州支州支里兰

一样

Thevotingcontinued.Allthatdayandthroughoutthenightthereprentatives

·25·

voted.Twenty-ventimesthecountremainedthesame.EightstatesforJefferson.

SixforBurr.Twoundecided.

27

州支州支

Thenextmorning,thereprentativesdecidedtorestforfourhours.Thevoting

beganagainatnoon.Therewasnochange.

一样

ThethirteenthofFebruarypasd,thenthefourteenthandfifteenth.Stillnochange.

TheHouvotedthirty-threetimes.Itcouldnotelectapresident.

213号过141533

VOICETWO:

AchangeinthevoteofjustonecongressmanfromMarylandorVermontcould

decidethecontest.

里兰

Later,aftertheelection,thereprentativefromDelawaresaidhehadmetwithtwo

congressmenfromMarylandandonefromVermont.AllwereFederalists.Allhad

votedforAaronBurr.

了马里兰

TheDelawarecongressmansaidtheyclaimedtheyspokewithafriendofThomas

Jefferson.HesaidtheytoldJefferson’sfriendtheywouldchangetheirvotes,if

Jeffersonmadecertainpromis.

并表

Jeffersondeniedthathehadmadeanypoliticalpromis.Hesaidmanymentried

togetpromisfromhim.Buthesaidhetoldthemallthathewouldneverbecome

presidentwithhishandstied.

得到

VOICEONE:

·26·

Historyexpertsdonotagreeonwhatreallyhappened.Whatissureisthatthe

HouofReprentativesvotedforthethirty-sixthtimeonFebruaryventeenth.

Tenstates,includingMarylandandVermont,votedforThomasJefferson.Four

statesvotedforAaronBurr.

TwostatesDelawareandSouthCarolinadidnotvote.ButJeffersonhadthe

majorityheneeded.Hewouldbethenewpresident.

到底

21736里兰州支

州支得到

的多的第

(MUSIC)

ANNOUNCER:

OurprogramwaswrittenbyHaroldBravermanandChristineJohnson.Thenarra-

torswereFrankOliverandShepO’Neal.JoinusagainnextweekforTHEMAK-

INGOFANATION,AmericanhistoryinVOASpecialEnglish.

35Jefferson,atInaugural,UrgesUnityofHeartsandMinds

35

ANNOUNCER:

WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATIONanAmericanhistoryriesinVOA

SpecialEnglish.

OnMarchfourth,eighteen-oh-one,ThomasJeffersonwalkedtotheCapitolbuild-

inginWashington.Hewasabouttobeinauguratedasthethirdpresidentofthe

UnitedStates.HeenteredtheCapitoltothethunderofcannon.Allthenators

andreprentativesstooduntilJeffersonsatdown.Afewmomentslater,thenewly

electedpresidentroandbegantoreadhisinauguralspeech.HarryMonroetells

uswhathesaid.

(MUSIC)

Friendsandfellowcitizens:Ihavebeencalledtothepositionofchiefexecutiveof

ourcountry.ImusttellyouhowhonoredandthankfulIam.ButImusttellyou,

too,ofmyfears.

Yes,Imusttellyouthatthedutiesofyourpresidentaretoomuchforanyoneman.

However,ItellmylfthatIamnotalone.WhenIeallyourfaces,Iunder-

·27·

standthewisdomofthowhowroteourConstitution.Forinyou,themembersof

Congress,andinthejudicialbranchofourgovernment,IknowthatIshallfindthe

strength,thehonesty,thecouragethatIshallneed.

Wehavepasdthroughahardyearofbitterstrugglebetweentwopoliticalparties.

WehaveshowntheworldthatinAmericaallcanspeak,write,andthinkfreely.The

debateisover.Thepeoplehavedecided.Nowisthetimeforallofustounitefor

thegoodofall.

Themajorityofthepeoplehavewonthecontest.Butwemustalwaysremember

thatthereisaminority.True,themajoritymustrule.Buttheruleofthemajority

mustbejust.Therightsoftheminorityareequaltotherightsofthemajority,and

mustbeprotectedwithequallaws.

(MUSIC)

Letusunitewithheartsandminds.Letushavepeaceandloveinourrelationswith

eachother.Forwithoutpeaceandlove,libertyandlifearesadthingsindeed.Letus

rememberthatthereligiousfreedomwhichwehaveintheUnitedStatesisnothing

ifwedonothavepoliticalfreedom,ifwepermitmentobepunishedbecauthey

donotagreewiththemajority.

ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,menhavekilledandhavebeenkilledinthename

ofliberty.Itisnotsurprising,then,thatevenhereinourpeacefullandallcannot

agree.Butitispossibletohavedifferentideaswithoutforgettingourcommonwish.

Weareallrepublicans,weareallfederalists.Mostofusloveourcountry.Mostof

uswantittogrow.Theremaybeamongusthowhowanttoendtheunionofthe

states,ortoendourrepublicangovernment.Wellthen,letthomenspeakfreely,

withoutfear.Theyarewrong.ButAmericaisstrongenoughtoletthemsaywhat

theywish.

Whenmencanthinkandspeakfreely,thereisnodangertothenation.Fortho

whodonotagreewiththemalsohavetherighttothinkandspeakfreely.

(MUSIC)

TherearesomehonestAmericanswhoareafraidthatarepublicangovernment

cannotbestrong.ButIaskthegoodmenonequestion.Dotheywantusto

destroyagovernment,whichhaskeptusstrongandfreefortenyears?Ihopenot.

WehavehereintheUnitedStatesthebestandstrongestgovernmentintheworld.

ThisistheonlynationontheEarthwhocitizensknowthatthegovernmentbe-

longstothem.

·28·

Thentherearesomewhosaythatmencannotgovernthemlves.Whatdothey

offerusinstead?Governmentbykings?Arekingsmen,oraretheyangels?Iwill

lethistoryanswerthisquestion.

Letuskeepourunionandourgovernmentbythepeoplethroughtheirelectedrep-

rentatives.WeareveryfortunatehereintheNewWorld.

Threethousandmilesofoceanparateusfromthewarsandthedictatorshipsof

Europe.HerewedonotsufferasthepeopleofEuropedo.Herewehaveagreatand

richland,withroomforahundred,perhapsathousandgenerationsofAmericans

yettobeborn.

WeandtheAmericanchildrenwhowillcomeafterusallhaveequalrights.We

honoramannotbecauofhisfather,butforwhatthemanis.Wedonotcarewhat

religionamanfollows.Inthiscountry,menpracticereligioninmanyways.Yetall

ourreligionsteachhonesty,truth,andtheloveofman.AllworshiponeGodwho

rulestheuniver,whowantsmentobehappyinlife.

Yes,weareafortunatepeople.Whatmoredoweneedtomakeushappy?

Weneedonemorething,myfellowcitizens:awigovernment.Agovernment

thatkeepsmenfrominjuringeachother.Agovernmentthatgivesmenfreedomto

liveandworkinpeaceastheywish,anddoesnottakefromthemthefruitoftheir

labor.Thatisgoodgovernment.

(MUSIC)

Inmyshortspeech,IcannottellyouallthethingsthatIbelieveourgovernment

shoulddo,andshouldnotdo.ButIwilltellyouwhatIbelievetobethemost

importantprinciplesofourgovernment.ThisiswhatIbelievein:

Thesameandequaljusticetoallmennomatterwhattheirreligion,theirpolitical

beliefs,ortheirclass.Peace,trade,andfriendshipwithallnations,butalliancesfor

warwithnonations.Supportoftherightsofthestategovernments,whicharethe

bestdefendersofourrepublic.AstrongcentralgovernmentundertheConstitution

toprotectourpeaceathomeandoursafetyinotherpartsoftheworld.

Wemustkeeptherightofthepeopletoelecttheirreprentatives.Thisisthesafe

waytochangegovernmentsthatmakemistakes.Withouttherightofelection,we

willhavebloodyrevolution.Inourelection,themajoritymustrule.Thisisthe

lifebloodofarepublic.Ifthemajorityisnotallowedtorule,thenwewillhave

dictatorship.

Americashouldhaveagoodvolunteerarmytoprotectusinpeaceandinthefirst

daysofwar,untilweuprofessionalsoldiers.Butatalltimes,thecivilofficersof

·29·

thegovernmentmustbefirstoverthemilitaryofficers.

Therightsofmanwillbeofthehighestimportanceinthisgovernment.Information,

knowledge,andopinionsmustmoveeasilyandswiftly.Wewillsupportfreedom

ofreligion,freedomofthepress,freedomofthepersonprotectedbythehabeas

corpus,andtherighttotrialbyjuriesthatarechonfairly.

Thearethefreedomsthatbroughtusthrougharevolutionandthatmadethis

nation.Ourwimenwrotethefreedoms.Ourheroesgavetheirlivesforthe

freedoms.Theyarethestonesonwhichourpoliticalphilosophymustbebuilt.If

wemakethemistakeofforgettingthem,letusreturntothemquickly.Foronly

therightsofmancanbringuspeace,liberty,andsafety.

(MUSIC)

Wellthen,myfellowcitizens,Igotothepositionwhichyouhavegivenme.Iam

noGeorgeWashington.Icannotaskyoutobelieveinmeasyoudidintheman

wholedusthroughourrevolutionthemanwhowillalwaysbefirstintheloveof

ourcountry.Iaskonlythatyougivemeyoursupportandyourstrength.

IknowthatIshallmakemistakes.And,evenwhenIamright,therewillbemen

whowillsaythatIamwrong.Iaskyoutoforgivemymistakeswhich,Ipromi,

willatleastbehonestmistakes.AndIaskyoutosupportmewhenIamrightagainst

theattacksofthowhoarewrong.Always,mypurpowillbetostrengthenthe

happinessandfreedomofallAmericansthowhodonotagreewithme,aswell

asthowhodo.

Ineedyou.IgotomyworkaspresidentoftheUnitedStates,readytoleavethat

positionwhenyouandtheAmericanpeopledecidethatthereisabettermanforit.

Maythepowerthatleadstheunivertelluswhatisbest,andbringtoyoupeace

andhappiness.

(MUSIC)

ANNOUNCER:

OurprogramwaswrittenbyHaroldBraverman.ThomasJefferson’sinauguralad-

dresswasreadbyHarryMonroe.Nextweek,webeginthestoryofJefferson’s

presidency.JoinusagainfortheTHEMAKINGOFANATION,anAmerican

historyriesinVOASpecialEnglish.

36JeffersonBeginsPresidencyWithaLoyalCabinet

36

·30·

ANNOUNCER:

WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATIONanAmericanhistoryriesinVOA

SpecialEnglish.

Ineighteen-oh-one,theUnitedStateshadanewpresident,ThomasJefferson.Italso

hadanewpartyinpower:hisDemocratic-RepublicanParty.Thoughsupportersof

JeffersonwerecalledRepublicans,thatpartyledtothemodernDemocraticParty.

1801统托.逊宣

导的-共和共和

但当共和党的

Ontakingoffice,Jeffersonspokeofthebitterstrugglebetweenhispartyandthe

FederalistPartyofAlexanderHamilton.TheUnitedStatesnowhadatwo-party

system.JeffersonheldoutthehandofpeaceandfriendshiptotheFederalists.He

said:"WeareallRepublicans.WeareallFederalists.Letusunitewithheartsand

minds.Letushavepeaceandloveinourrelationswitheachother."

导的共和和汉导的

橄榄他说

共和

Now,JackWeitzelandStuartSpencercontinueourstory.

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

ThomasJefferson,thirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,thusheldoutthehandof

friendshiptotheFederalists.ButAlexanderHamiltondidnotacceptit.AsJefferson

becamepresident,HamiltonmadeaspeechattackingJefferson.

逊宣

HamiltonhaddecidedtocontinuefightingthedemocraticmovementintheUnited

States.ThisdidnotworryJefferson.HewassurehecouldshoweventheFederalists

thathisprogramwasgoodforall.

并不

Ofcour,hesaid,thetopleadersoftheFederalistsmenlikeHamiltoncould

neverbechanged.Buthewasmoreinterestedinbringingtheirfollowerstohisside.

·31·

顿的

VOICEONE:

Jeffersonwasahappypresidentinthoearlydaysofeighteenhundred-one.Jef-

fersonsaid:"Wecannolongersaythatthereisnothingnewunderthesun.What

wehavedoneinthiscountryisallnew.Theforceofpublicopinionisnew.But

themostimportantandpleasingnewnessisthatwehavechangedourgovernment

withoutviolence.ThisshowsastrengthofAmericancharacterthatwillgivelong

lifetoourrepublic.

1801逊心

力量

们没使

力量力量共和

"Wehaveprovedthatfreedomofthepress,freedomofspeech,andfreedomof

thoughtarenecessaryinahealthynation.Letmenarguewitheachother.The

argumentsmaybecomebitter.Butthebitternessisjustacloudthatpass.Andout

oftheargumentswillcomethetruth."

必不使

眼烟

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

AsfortheFederalistleaders,theytooexceptforHamiltonwereplead.Presi-

dentJeffersonhadsaidinhisinauguralspeech:"WeareallRepublicans.Weareall

Federalists."This,theFederalistleaderssaid,showedthatJeffersonwouldnoteven

thinkoftryingtodestroytheirprogram.

共和

GeorgeCabot,thestrongestFederalistleaderinNewEngland,usuallyagreedwith

Hamilton.Butnow,hedidnot.Cabotsaid,"Ibelievethatournewpresidentwants

tostayoutofwar.WedonothavetoworryanylongerthatheplanstojoinFrance

againstEngland.Heisfriendlytousandwantsourhelp.Therefore,Iamsurethat

hewillnotdismissanyofourpeoplefromtheirgovernmentpositions."

·32·

.

VOICEONE:

AnotherFederalistleaderTimothyPickeringthecretaryofstateunderPresi-

dentAdams,said:"IamsatisfiedthatJeffersonwillnotmakeanyimportantchanges

ingovernmentpolicy,andthathewilldependforsupportmoreonusFederalists

thanontheDemocrats."

国国西.

Duringthofirstfewweeksofthenewgovernment,theFederalistleadersreally

believedthatJeffersonwasafraidofthem,thathehadsurrenderedtothemand

wouldsoonbedestroyedastheleaderoftheRepublicanParty.OneFederalist

wrote:"SoonJeffersonwillfeelthebiteofhisdirtyDemocratswhentheyattack

him!"

久就

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

JeffersonsoondidhearcomplaintsfromRepublicanleaderswhofelthewasbeing

tookindtotheFederalists.

逊宣橄榄

共和

WilliamGiles,aJeffersonianleaderinVirginia,wrote:"Ofcour,Iamvery

pleadbythepresident’sinauguralspeech.Thepresident’sprogramiscorrec-

t.Itagreeswiththeopinionsofthepeople.ButIstillthinkthatthepresident’s

successwilldependonhowhecarriesouthisprogram.

共和.

"LethimofferfriendshiptotheFederalists.Buthemustnotpermitfriendshipto

·33·

becomeweakness.Hisfriendsbelievethatthefirstthinghemustdoistocleanout

theexecutivebranchofthegovernment.Hemustdismissfromofficeallmenwho

areenemiesoftheRepublicanprogram."

.

软弱的当共和

除出

VOICEONE:

EvenJamesMonroewroteastronglettertothepresident:

.逊写措辞

"Yourspeechandyourprogramarehealthyandgood.Butthereareriousdangers

aheadofyou.Therearetwopartiesinthiscountry,notone.Oneoftheparties,

theFederalists,hascontrolledthegovernmentfortwelveyearsandhashurtour

nationgreatly.SomeoftheFederalistsnowspeaksoftlytoyouandpromitheir

support.

很好

制政

"Butyoumustremember,too,thattherearethousandsofgoodRepublicanswho

havealwayssupportedyou.IfyoukeepFederalistsinoffice,ifyouappointFeder-

aliststooffice,manyofthegoodRepublicanswillstopbelievinginyou.

共和直支

共和

"Certainly,thereisnoreasonwhyyoushouldgivejobstomenwhoworkedforthe

FederalistgovernmentofJohnAdams.Certainly,youmustthrowouttheofficials

ofthelastgovernmentwhostolemoneyandsoldtheirrvices.Dothisandyou

willgivestrengthtoourRepublicanmovement.

些效

除出共和

动的力量

"Pleaunderstandme.Iamspeakingonlyofhighoffices.Idonotaskthatyou

dismisssmallofficialsbecautheyareFederalists.Theyhavearighttotheirpolit-

icalbeliefs.Letthemkeeptheirjobs.Thiswillshowthatyouareapresidentwho

canacceptdifferentpoliticalopinions."

·34·

府高并不

政治丢掉

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

AstheFederalistsandtheRepublicanleaderskeptaskingJeffersonforpositionsin

thegovernment,thepresidentwasthinkingofhiscabinet.Hequicklydecidedwho

wouldbehiscretaryofstateandcretaryofthetreasury.

和共和

JamesMadisonofVirginiaJefferson’soldfriendandthefatheroftheConstitution

wouldbecretaryofstate.Forcretaryofthetreasury,JeffersonchoAlbert

GallatinofPennsylvania,thebrilliantleaderoftheRepublicansinCongress,the

manwhounderstoodeconomicsandfinanceaswellasAlexanderHamilton.

的奠.

.共和

不比

FortheWarDepartment,JeffersonturnedtoGeneralHenryDearbornofNewEng-

land.

.

Jefferson’sfirstchoicetobecretaryoftheNavywasJudgeRobertLivingston,the

greatlawyerfromNewYork.ButJudgeLivingstonrejectedthisposition.Jefferson

finallychoRobertSmithofBaltimore,Maryland.

.

拒绝了马里兰.

VOICEONE:

ThepresidenthadalreadyappointedonemanfromNewEnglandtohiscabinet,

SecretaryofWarDearborn.Yet,hewenttoNewEnglandfortwomoreappoint-

ments.

JeffersonknewthatthestrengthoftheFederalistPartywasgreaterinNewEngland

thaninanyotherpartofthecountry.Hebelievedthattherewasnobetterwayto

moveNewEnglandawayfromtheFederalistprogramthantogivecabinetpositions

tomenfromNewEngland.

·35·

的地

离联

Andso,JeffersonfoundhisattorneygeneralinLeviLincolnofMassachutts.

LikeDearborn,LincolnwasapatriotoftheAmericanRevolution.Hehadbeen

asupporterofJeffersonfromthebeginning.HewasfamousasalawyerinMas-

sachutts,wherehewasthetopleaderoftheRepublicanParty.

.

一样.

共和

JeffersonwenttoNewEngland,too,forthepostmastergeneral.Itwasnotyetacab-

inetoffice.Butitsimportancewasgrowing.Thepresidentgavethisappointmentto

GideonGrangerlawyer,businessman,andwriter,oneofthestrongJeffersonians

inthestateofConnecticut.

.

商人共和

SuchwasJefferson’scabinet.AllstrongRepublicans.Allcompletelyloyal.The

Federalistswereshocked.Notoneoftheirmenhadbeenappointed.

共和

(MUSIC)

ANNOUNCER:

JoinuseachweekforTHEMAKINGOFANATIONanAmericanhistoryries

inVOASpecialEnglish.OurnarratorstodaywereJackWeitzelandStuartSpencer.

37JeffersonMovestoCutDebt,Spending

37

ANNOUNCER:

WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATIONanAmericanhistoryriesinVOA

SpecialEnglish.

Byeighteenhundredandone,ThomasJeffersonofVirginiahadalreadydonemuch

·36·

forhiscountry.HewrotetheDeclarationofIndependenceinventeenventy-

six.HervedasAmerica’sfirstambassadortoFranceanditsfirstcretaryof

state.Nowhewouldgovernthenation.

1801统托·逊宣

1776宣言的第

使的第上任的第

Thisweekinourries,MauriceJoyceandRichardRaelcontinuethestoryof

America’sthirdpresident.

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

ThomasJeffersonwashappyandhopefulashetookoffice.Hisnewpoliticalpar-

ty,theRepublicans,haddefeatedtheolderFederalistParty.TheFederalistshad

controlledthegovernmentfortwelveyears.

上任风发他所导的共和12

America’sfirstpresident,GeorgeWashington,wasnotaFederalist.ButFederalists

controlledthecabinetandtheCongressduringWashington’stwoterms.America’s

condpresident,JohnAdams,wasaFederalist.Sothepartycontinueditscontrol

duringhisterm.

并不

制之·

使党的导地

VOICEONE:

TheFederalistsandtheRepublicansheldverydifferentopinionsabouthowtogov-

ernthenation.Yetthechangeinpowerfromonepartytotheothertookplace

peacefully.

和共和

式实

ThomasJeffersonrecognizedtheimportanceofthisfact.Hesaid:"Whatwehave

doneinthiscountryisallnew.Theforceofpublicopinionisnew.Butthemost

importantandpleasingnewnessisthatwehavechangedourgovernmentwithout

violence.ThisshowsastrengthofAmericancharacterthatwillgivelonglifetoour

republic."

·37·

·事实

力量

们没

力量力量共和

VOICETWO:

PresidentJeffersonwantedtoworkwithFederalistsforthegoodofthenation.But

hechonoFederalistsforhiscabinet.AllthecabinetofficerswerestrongRepub-

licans.AllwereloyaltoThomasJefferson.

耿耿共和

JamesMadisonofVirginiawascretaryofstate;AlbertGallatinofPennsylvania,

cretaryofthetreasury;GeneralHenryDearbornofNewHampshire,cretary

ofwar;RobertSmithofMaryland,cretaryoftheNavy;andLeviLincolnof

Massachutts,attorneygeneral.

··

·

··

VOICEONE:

Forothergovernmentpositions,Jeffersondecidedtotakeamiddleroad.Hewould

removeallofficialsappointedbyformerPresidentJohnAdamsduringhislame

duckperiod.ThatwasthetimeafterJeffersonwontheelection,butbeforehetook

office.Healsowouldremoveallofficialsfoundguiltyofdishonesty.

线

Hesaid:"Federalistsingovernmentpositionshavenothingtofeariftheyhaveacted

honestlyandwithjustice.Thowhohaveactedbadlymustgo.AsforthemenI

appointtooffice,theymustbeofthehighestcharacter.Iwillacceptnoothers."

VOICETWO:

FederalistleadersdenouncedJefferson’spolicy.TheythoughtallFederalistsshould

keeptheirgovernmentjobs.ManyRepublicanleadersdenouncedJefferson,too.

TheythoughtnoFederalistshouldhaveagovernmentjob.Thepresidentwascaught

·38·

betweenthetwogroups.

共和让任

Hefinallyansweredhiscritics."ShoutsandscreamsfromFederalistsorRepubli-

cans,"hesaid,"willnotforcemetoremoveonemoreofficial,oroneless.Iwilldo

whatIthinkisrightandjust."

批判和共和

(MUSIC)

VOICEONE:

OncePresidentJeffersonformedhiscabinet,hebeganplanningthepoliciesofhis

administration.HistwoclostadvirswereSecretaryofStateMadisonandTrea-

surySecretaryGallatin.First,theydiscusdfinancialpolicy.

Theyagreedthatthegovernmentmuststopspendingasmuchmoneyasitdidunder

formerpresidentAdams.So,governmentdepartmentswouldgetlessmoney.They

alsoagreedthatthegovernmentmustpayitsdebtsasquicklyaspossible.

三人

Thegovernmentowedmillionsofdollars.Eachyear,thedebtgrewlargerbecau

oftheinterestontheloans.

AlbertGallatinsaid:"Wemusthaveastrongpolicy.Thedebtmustbepaid.Ifwe

donotdothis,ourchildren,ourgrandchildren,andmanygenerationstocomewill

havetopayforourmistakes."

定的

为我

VOICETWO:

PresidentJeffersonwantedtopaythegovernmentdebt.Healsowantedtocuttaxes

·39·

ontheproductionandsaleofsomeproducts,suchaswhiskeyandtobacco.He

hopedthegovernmentcouldgetallthemoneyitneededfromimporttaxesand

fromthesaleofpubliclands.

得到

Jeffersonbegansavingmoneybyendingunnecessaryjobsintheexecutivebranch.

HereducedthenumberofAmericanambassadors.Hedismisdalltaxinspectors.

不必

使

Congresswouldhavetotakethenextsteps."Mostgovernmentoffices,"Jefferson

said,"werecreatedbylawsofCongress.Congressalonemustactontheposi-

tions.ThecitizensoftheUnitedStateshavepaidforthejobswiththeirtaxes.It

isnotrightorjustforthegovernmenttotakemorethanitneedsfromthepeople."

JeffersonespeciallywantedCongresstoreducethejudicialbranch.Hehopedto

dismissalltheFederalistjudgesformerPresidentAdamsappointedduringhislast

daysinoffice.Themenwereknownas"midnightjudges."

VOICEONE:

TheFederalistswerefurious.TheyaccudJeffersonoftryingtodestroythecourts.

Theywarnedthathisfinancialprogramwouldcrushthenation.Theydeclaredthere

wouldbeanarchyifFederalistofficialsweredismisd.

划会

Mostpeople,however,werehappy.TheylikedwhatJeffersonsaid.Theyespecially

likedhisplantocuttaxes.

Jefferson’sbiggestcriticwashislong-timepoliticalopponent,AlexanderHamilton.

Hamiltonhadrvedasthenation’sfirsttreasurycretary.Now,hewasaprivate

·40·

lawyerinNewYorkCity.HepublishedhiscriticismofJeffersoninanewspaperhe

started,theNewYorkEveningPost.

批判政治宿·

批判

VOICETWO:

WhilethepublicdebatedJefferson’spolicies,theCongressdebatedhisproposal

toreducethenumberoffederalcourts.Federalistcongressmenclaimedthatthe

presidentwastryingtointerferewiththejudiciary.This,theysaid,violatedthe

Constitution.

国国

RepublicancongressmenarguedthattheConstitutiongaveCongressthepowerto

createcourtsandtoclothem.Theysaidtheformeradministrationhadnorightto

appointtheso-called"midnightjudges."

共和员则

权任

TheRepublicanswontheargument.CongressapprovedPresidentJefferson’spro-

posalonthecourts.

共和

VOICEONE:

Next,Congressdebatedthepresident’sproposaltocuttaxes.Federalistssaiditwas

dangerousforthegovernmenttodependmainlyonimporttaxes.Theysaidsucha

policywouldleadtosmuggling.PeoplewouldtrytobringgoodsintotheUnited

Statescretly,withoutpayingtaxesonthem.

种政

FederalistsalsosaidthatiftheUnitedStatescuttaxes,itwouldnothaveenough

moneytopayitsdebts.ThennoonewouldwanttoinvestintheUnitedStatesagain.

样一

·41·

VOICETWO:

Republicanssaidtheywerenotafraidofsmugglers.Thedanger,theysaid,would

comefromtaxingtheAmericanpeople.Therewasnoneedforproductionandsales

taxes.And,theysaid,theAmericanpeopleknewit.TheRepublicansalsosaidthey

weresurethegovernmentwouldhaveenoughmoneytopayitsdebts.

共和并不

收生共和

TheRepublicanswonthislegislativefight,too.BoththeSenateandtheHouof

Reprentativesvotedtoapprovethepresident’splantocuttaxes.

共和票批

VOICEONE:

Congressthenturnedtootherbusiness.Butthequestionofthemidnightjudges

wouldnotdie.Infact,theSupremeCourtwouldhearthecaofoneoftho

judges.Itsdecisiongavethecourtanextremelyimportantpower,whichitstillus

today.

Thatwillbeourstorynextweek.

(MUSIC)

ANNOUNCER:

OurprogramwaswrittenbyChristineJohnsonandHaroldBraverman.Thenarra-

torswereMauriceJoyceandRichardRael.JoinuseachweekforTHEMAKING

OFANATIONanAmericanhistoryriesinVOASpecialEnglish.

38JeffersonGetsLouisianaTerritoryFromFrance

388000

WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATIONAmericanhistoryinVOASpecial

English.

·42·

Inourlastprogram,wetalkedabouttwoproposalsbyPresidentThomasJeffer-

son.Congressapprovedbothofthem.Oneproposalendedsometaxes.Theother

reducedthenumberofjudgesappointedbyJohnAdamswhenhewaspresident.

统托.上任

.

都得到

IntheclosingdaysofAdams’term,CongresspasdaJudiciaryAct.Thisact

gaveAdamsthepowertoappointasmanyjudgesashewished.Itwasawayfor

theFederalistPartytokeepcontrolofonebranchofgovernment.TheFederalists

hadlostthepresidencyandtheirmajorityinCongresstoThomasJeffersonandhis

Democratic-RepublicanpartyknowntodayastheDemocraticParty.

法法

和国

Now,TonyRiggsandShepO’NealcontinuethestoryofAmerica’sthirdpresident,

ThomasJefferson.

(MUSIC)

VOICEONE:

PresidentAdamsquicklycreatednewcourtsandnamednewjudges.Justasquickly,

theSenateapprovedthem.Thepapersofappointmentweresigned.However,some

ofthejudgesdidnotreceivetheirpapers,orcommissions,beforeThomasJefferson

wassworn-in.Thenewpresidentrefudtogivethemtheircommissions.Oneof

themenwasWilliamMarbury.HeaskedtheSupremeCourttodecidehisca.

法法绿

.逊宣职之

上任拒绝

.

VOICETWO:

TheChiefJusticewasJohnMarshall,aFederalist.Marshallthoughtaboutordering

theRepublicanadministrationtogiveMarburyhiscommission.Oncondthought,

hedecidednotto.Heknewtheadministrationwouldrefuhisorder.Andthat

wouldweakenthepoweroftheSupremeCourt.

.

共和

·43·

拒绝样一

MarshallbelievedtheSupremeCourtshouldhavetherighttovetobillspasdby

Congressandsignedbythepresident.IntheMarburyca,hesawachancetoput

thisideaintolaw.

机会

VOICEONE:

Marshallwrotehisdecisioncarefully.First,hesaidthatMarburydidhavealegal

righttohisjudicialcommission.Then,hesaidthatMarburyhadbeendeniedthis

legalright.Hesaidnoonenoteventhepresidentcouldtakeawayaperson’s

legalrights.

得到

他说

使是

Next,MarshallnotedthatMarburyhadtakenhisrequesttotheSupremeCourt

underthetermsofalawpasdinventeeneighty-nine.Thatlawgavecitizensthe

righttoaskthehighcourttoorderactionbyanylowercourtorbyanygovernment

official.

1789

MarshallexplainedthattheConstitutioncarefullylimitsthepowersoftheSupreme

Court.Thecourtcanheardirectrequestsinvolvingdiplomatsandtheparate

states.Itcannotruleonothercasuntilalowercourthasruled.

请求

So,Marshallsaid,theventeeneighty-ninelawpermitsMarburytotakehisca

directlytotheSupremeCourt.ButtheConstitutiondoesnot.TheConstitution,he

added,isthefirstlawoftheland.Therefore,thecongressionallawisunconstitu-

tionalandhasnopower.

1789把案

实属

·44·

VOICETWO:

ChiefJusticeMarshallsucceededindoingallhehopedtodo.Hemadeclearthat

Marburyhadarighttohisjudicialcommission.Healsosavedhimlffromabattle

withtheadministration.Mostimportantly,heclaimedfortheSupremeCourtthe

powertoruleonlawspasdbyCongress.

此达

得到

效性

PresidentJeffersonunderstoodtheimportanceofMarshall’sdecision.Hedidnot

agreewithit.HewaitedfortheSupremeCourttouthisnewpower.

SeveraltimesduringJefferson’spresidency,Federalistsclaimedthatlawspasd

bytheRepublicanCongressviolatedtheConstitution.Buttheyneveraskedthe

SupremeCourttorejecttholaws.

了马并不

使

共和

(MUSIC)

VOICEONE:

DuringJefferson’sfirstterm,theUnitedStatesfacedariousprobleminitsrela-

tionswithFrance.

国和

FrancehadsignedacrettreatywithSpain.ThetreatygaveFrancecontrolofa

largeareainNorthAmericatheLouisianaTerritory.

秘密地都

之中

NapoleonBonaparteruledFranceatthattime.JeffersondidnotwanthiminNorth

America.HefelttheFrenchprencewasathreattothepeaceoftheUnitedStates.

HedecidedtotrytobuypartsofLouisiana.

·45·

VOICETWO:

JeffersonntJamesMonroetoParisasaspecialnegotiator.

Beforesailing,MonroemetwiththepresidentandSecretaryofStateJamesMadi-

son.TheydiscusdwhattheUnitedStatespositionwouldbeoneveryproposal

Francemightmake.

.

First,MonroewouldtrytobuyasmuchterritoryeastoftheMississippiRiveras

Francewouldll.IfFrancerefud,thenMonroewouldtrytobuyanareanearthe

mouthoftheMississippiRiver.Theareawastobelargeenoughforaport.

西西

西西

个港

VOICEONE:

MonroeneverhadachancetooffertheAmericanposition.Napoleonhaddecidedto

lleverythingtotheAmericans.HetoldhisfinanceministertogiveupLouisiana

allofit.NapoleonneededmoneyforawarwithBritain.

机会明美

统统

JamesMonroewashappytonegotiatethepurchaofLouisiana.Theyagreedona

priceofeightymillionfrancsforallthelanddrainedbythegreatMississippiRiver

andallitsmanystreams.

西西

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

FederalistsinthenortheasternstatesoppodthedecisiontobuyLouisiana.They

feareditwouldweakenthepowerofthestatesofthenortheast.Federalistleaders

madeaplantoformanewgovernmentofthostates.Buttosucceed,theyneeded

thestateofNewYork.

北部买路使

·46·

在这

必不

VicePresidentAaronBurrwasthepoliticalleaderofNewYorkandacandidate

forNewYorkgovernor.TheFederalistsbelievedBurrwouldwintheelectionand

supporttheirplan.ButFederalistleaderAlexanderHamiltondidnottrustBurr.The

twohadbeenenemiesforalongtime.

.政治

袖亚.敌对

VOICEONE:

HamiltonmadesomestrongstatementsagainstBurrduringtheelectioncampaign

inNewYork.Thecommentslaterappearedinveralnewspapers.Burrlostthe

NewYorkelection.TheFederalistplandiedforanewgovernmentofnortheastern

states.

批判

也因

Aftertheelection,BurraskedHamiltontoadmitordenythecommentshehadmade

againstBurr.Hamiltonrefud.Thetwomenexchangedmorenotes.Burrwasnot

satisfiedwithHamilton’sanswers.HebelievedHamiltonhadattackedhishonor.

Burrdemandedaduel.

举结性言

顿的释始

顿的

VOICETWO:

Aduelisafight,usuallywithguns.Inthodays,aduelwashowagentleman

defendedhishonor.Hamiltonoppodduels.Hissonhadbeenkilledinaduel.Yet

heagreedtofightBurronJulyeleventh,eighteen-oh-four.

绅士往往斗的

ThetwomenmetatWeehawken,NewJery,justacrosstheHudsonRiverfrom

NewYorkCity.Theywouldfightbythewater’sedge,atthebottomofahighrock

wall.

·47·

斗定1804711地点西

VOICEONE:

Thegunswereloaded.BurrandHamiltontooktheirplaces.OneofHamilton’s

friendsexplainedtherules."Areyouready,gentlemen?"heasked.Bothanswered

"yes."Therewasamomentofsilence.Hegavethesignal.BurrandHamiltonraid

theirguns.Twoshotssplittheair.

顿的斗的

了吗

Hamiltonraiduponhistoes,thenfelltotheground.Burrremainedstanding.He

lookedatHamiltonwithregret,thenleft.Hamiltondiedthenextday.

和汉

斗第

NewspapersthroughoutthenationreportedHamilton’sdeath.Mostpeopleaccept-

edthenewscalmly.Tothem,itwassimplythesadendtoanold,privatedispute.

ButBurr’spoliticalenemieschargedhimwithmurder.Thevicepresidentfledto

thesouthernstateofGeorgia.

消息

悲惨结局

杀人

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

Thenationwaspreparingforthepresidentialelectioninafewmonths.Onceagain,

theRepublicanPartychoThomasJeffersonasitscandidateforpresident.But

RepublicansrefudtosupportAaronBurrforvicepresidentagain.Instead,they

choGeorgeClinton.ClintonhadrvedasgovernorofNewYorkventimes.

共和

.

TheFederalistPartychoCharlesCotesworthPinckneyofSouthCarolinaasits

candidateforpresident.ItchoRufusKingofNewYorktobeitsvicepresidential

candidate.

·48·

.

VOICEONE:

Thecampaignwasquiet.Inthodays,candidatesdidnotmakemanyspeeches.

Republicanpamphletstoldoftheprogressmadeduringthepastfouryears.The

formerFederalistadministrationraidtaxes,theysaid.Jeffersonendedmanyof

thetaxes.TheFederalistsborrowedmillionsofdollars.Jeffersonborrowednone.

And,JeffersongottheLouisianaTerritorywithoutgoingtowar.

共和

人让

得到了路

TheFederalistscouldnotdisputethefacts.TheyexpectedthatJeffersonwouldbe

re-elected.Buttheyweresuretheircandidatewouldgetasmanyasfortyelectoral

votes.TheresultsshockedtheFederalists.Jeffersonreceivedonehundredsixty-

twoelectoralvotes.Pinckneyreceivedjustfourteen.ThomasJeffersonwouldbe

presidentforanotherfouryears.

是事实辩驳

得到40举结

得到162

14.将继

Thatwillbeourstorynextweek.

(MUSIC)

ANNOUNCER:

OurprogramwaswrittenbyChristineJohnsonandHaroldBraverman.Thepren-

terswereTonyRiggsandShepO’Neal.JoinusagainnextweekforTHEMAKING

OFANATION,anAmericanhistoryriesinVOASpecialEnglish.

39ASupremeCourtJusticeIsPutonTrialin1805

39

WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATIONAmericanhistoryinVOASpecial

English.

Wetalkedlastweekaboutthepresidentialelectionofeighteenhundredandfour.

·49·

ThomasJefferson,thenation’sthirdpresident,waseasilyre-elected.Hewashead

oftheDemocratic-RepublicanParty,knowntodayastheDemocraticParty.His

politicalopponentswerecalledFederalists.

的第统托.

地当政治-共和

政治手是共和党的

Now,DougJohnsonandRichardRaelbeginthestoryofhiscondtermaspresi-

dentoftheUnitedStates.

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

Jeffersonhadaverygoodrecordduringhisfirsttermaspresident.

Heendedmanytaxes.Hepaidgovernmentdebts.Andhegainedposssionofthe

hugeLouisianaTerritoryfromFrancewithoutgoingtowar.TheFederalistswere

surehewouldwintheelectionofeighteen-oh-four.Still,theyweresurpridbythe

strengthofhiselectionvictory.

得到了路

得的对多

VOICEONE:

Jeffersonwononehundredsixty-twoelectoralvotes.Hisopponent,CharlesCotesworth

Pinckney,wonjustfourteen.TheFederalistshadexpectedPinckneytogetabout

forty.

162的对得到

14远远40

JeffersonreceivedsupportevenintheNortheast.ThatiswheretheFederalistshad

theirgreateststrength.Whatwastheexplanation?

使是力量的东北部

OnemantriedtoexplainthemeaningofJefferson’sgreatvictory.HewasJohn

QuincyAdams,sonofformerpresidentJohnAdams.PresidentAdamshadbeena

firmFederalist.Thisiswhathissonsaid:

..西.

·50·

VOICETWO:

"ThepowerofJefferson’sadministrationrestsonastrongmajorityoftheAmerican

people.Thepresidenthasgreatpopularsupport.Hisre-electionshowsthatthe

experimentoftheFederalistshasfailed.Itnevercanandneverwillbebroughtto

lifeagain.Totrytobringitbackwouldbefoolish.Itwouldbeliketryingtoput

lifeintoabodythathasbeenburiedforyears."

他说力量来得到

的当试失

Aftertheelectionofeighteen-oh-four,onlyvenFederalistsremainedintheUnited

StatesSenate.Onlytwenty-fiveremainedintheHouofReprentatives.

180425

(MUSIC)

VOICEONE:

TheFederalistsnolongercontrolledtheCongress,althoughtheystillcontrolled

thecourts.ManyjudgeshadbeenappointedduringJohnAdams’slastdaysas

president.ThejudgesoppodThomasJefferson.Someudthecourtroomasa

placetoattackhispolicies.Judgeswerenotsuppodtomakepoliticalspeechesin

court.

Oneofthemostpowerfulanti-JeffersonianjudgeswasSamuelCha.Hewasa

memberoftheSupremeCourt.

.

VOICETWO:

SamuelChawasfromthestateofMaryland.Hewasactiveinlocalandnational

politicsforalongtime.HehadsignedAmerica’sDeclarationofIndependencefrom

Britain.HehadrvedintheContinentalCongressthatgovernedAmericaduring

andafteritsRevolutionaryWar.YethedidnotagreewithallpartsoftheUnited

StatesConstitution.WhentheMarylandlegislaturevotedtoapproveorrejectthe

Constitution,hevotedagainstit.

·51·

.里兰和国

政治宣言并不

里兰

VOICEONE:

SamuelChawasnotarepublican:hebelievedthatAmericansshouldnothave

thesamerights.Forexample,hebelievedthatallcitizensshouldnothavetheright

tovote.Hesaidthiswouldleadtomobrule.Hedeclaredthatgreattroublewould

cometothegovernmentifcommonpeoplehadthesamerightsaseducatedpeople

whoownedproperty.

.共和等的

等的

会后患

PresidentJeffersonheardaboutCha’sstatement.HetoldamemberofCongress

thathewasconcerned.Jeffersonasked:"Shouldthisjudge’sattackontheideasof

ourConstitutiongowithoutpunishment?ThepublicwilllooktoCongresstotake

thenecessaryactionagainsthim."

统听

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

DuringthelastmonthsofJefferson’sfirsttermaspresident,theHouofRepren-

tativesbegandiscussingthepossibilityofremovingJusticeChafromtheSupreme

Court.

Acommitteewasnamedtoinvestigate.Thecommitteedecidedthattherewase-

noughevidencetobringhimtotrialbeforetheSenate.ThefullHouagreed.The

impeachmenttrialwastobegininFebruary,eighteen-oh-five.

一意得到体通

18052

VOICEONE:

·52·

ThejudgeinthetrialwasthechiefofficeroftheSenate,VicePresidentAaronBurr.

Burrwoulddecidewhatevidencecouldorcouldnotbeheard.Hisactionswould

havegreatinfluenceoverthefinaldecision.

18052

.

BothFederalistsandRepublicanswatchedBurrclolyduringthetrial.Bothgroup-

slookedforsomesignofsupport.Burrgavenone.Noonefoundanyreasonto

criticizehisactions.

和共和

批评

VOICETWO:

TheSenateheardtestimonyforalittlemorethanthreeweeks.Thenitvotedon

eachoftheeightchargesagainstJusticeCha.Atwo-thirdsvotewasneededto

declarehimguilty.Noneofthechargesreceivedthenecessarytwo-thirdsvote.The

impeachmenthadfailed.SamuelChacouldnotberemovedfromtheSupreme

Court.

得到

PresidentJeffersonhadhopedthatChawouldbefoundguilty.Hedidnotgetthis

wish.But,afterthetrial,Chanolongerudthecourtroomforpoliticalpurpos.

政治

(MUSIC)

VOICEONE:

Afewdaysaftertheimpeachmenttrialended,ThomasJeffersonwastobesworn

inaspresidentforacondterm.Inthodays,theinaugurationoftheAmerican

presidentwasheldinMarch,notJanuary.

.逊宣誓是3

才变1

AaronBurrwouldnotbervingwithJeffersonagain.TheRepublicanPartyhad

notsupportedhimforvicepresident.Instead,itchoGeorgeClinton,whohad

·53·

beengovernorofNewYorkstate.Beforeleavingoffice,Burrdecidedtomakeone

lastspeechtotheSenate.

得到共和党的州州.

定对

VOICETWO:

ThenatorswereveryinterestedinwhatBurrhadtosay.Evenhispoliticalop-

ponentssatupandlistened.Burrtoldhisfriendsgoodbye.Hesaidhemightnever

ethemagain.Yethesaidtheycouldstilljointogetherindefendingfreedomand

socialjustice.

很好

先向他说

Hespokeofthenators’greatresponsibilitytoprotectliberty,thelaw,andthe

Constitution."IftheConstitutioniseverdestroyed,"hesaid,"itsfinalbreathswill

comeonthisfloor."

他说如若

在这

VOICEONE:

AaronBurrfacedafuturefullofquestions.Hehadlostallpoliticalpower.Heowed

largeamountsofmoney.HecouldnotreturntohishomeintheNewYorkarea.He

wouldfacecriminalchargesthereasaresultofhisduelwithAlexanderHamilton.

BurrhadshotandkilledHamiltonintheduel.

满了政治

AttheendofMarch,eighteen-oh-five,Burrwrotetohisdaughter."Intenortwelve

days,"hesaid,"Ishallbeonmywaywest.ThetripmayleadmetoNewOrleans,

perhapsevenfarther."

18053写信是十往西

西

Healsowrotetohisdaughter’shusband.Hesaidhewouldnotreturnhome."In

NewYork,"hewrote,"Iwouldlomyfreedom.InNewJery,Iwouldbehanged.

So,fortheprent,Iwillnottakeachance."

写信婿会回他说

·54·

西

VOICETWO:

WhatwouldBurrdoinstead?Formorethanayear,hehadthoughtaboutacret

plan.Detailsarenotclear,becauhesaiddifferentthingstodifferentpeople.But

historyexpertssaytheplaninvolvedanattempttoizeMexicofromSpain.

秘密

并不过很一样

西西

Burrcouldnotkeephisplanacretfromeveryone.Heneededhelp.Heworked

withtwomen.OnewasJonathanDayton,aformerUnitedStatesnator.Theother

wasJamesWilkinson,militarygovernoroftheLouisianaTerritory.

..

VOICEONE:

Burralsoneededmoney.Hegotsomefromhisdaughter’shusband.Andhegot

somefromamaninOhionamedHarmanBlennerhastt.MisterBlennerhastt

hadbecomerichaftercomingtoAmericafromIreland.

婿得到得到.

HistoryexpertssayBurrtriedtogethelpfromBritain,too.BurrtoldtheBritish

ambassadorinWashingtonthathewantedmoneyandshipstocreateanewcountry.

ItwouldincludeMexicoandveralwesternstates.Thestateswouldbesplitaway

fromtheUnion.

使

西

西

VOICETWO:

TheBritishambassadorlikedBurr’splan.HetoldBurrthathewouldurgehis

governmenttosupportit.Itwouldtakeatleastfourmonths,however,fortheam-

bassadortocommunicatewithhisgovernmentinLondon.Burrdecidednottowait

forananswer.HebeganhistriptotheWest.

使

·55·

Thatwillbeourstorynextweek.

(MUSIC)

ANNOUNCER:

OurprogramwaswrittenbyFrankBeardsleyandChristineJohnson.Thenarrators

wereRichardRaelandDougJohnson.JoinuseachweekforTHEMAKINGOFA

NATIONanAmericanhistoryriesinVOASpecialEnglish.

40TheTreasonTrialofAaronBurr,FormerVP

40

WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATIONAmericanhistoryinVOASpecial

English.

AaronBurrwasvicepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Histermcametoanendin

eighteenhundredandfive.Hewasheavilyindebtandhispoliticalfuturedidnot

lookpromising.

.

.1805政治渺茫

Burrwasnotwithoutplans,however.Forsometime,hehadbeenconsideringan

idea.HewantedtoizeMexicofromSpain.Burrmadecretdealswithanumber

ofpeople.Hetoldthemdifferentthingstogettheirhelportheirmoneyforhisplan.

秘密西西

得到里联络了一样

WhatwasAaronBurr’srealgoal?WasittoizeMexico?Orwasittocreatea

countryofhisownoutofsomeofAmerica’swesternlands?Thefactsarenotclear.

是什西西

Thisweekinourries,ShirleyGriffithandSteveEmbertellaboutBurr’scret

activities,andthetrialthatendedthem.

(MUSIC)VOICETWO:

Burrtraveledwestinthespringofeighteen-oh-five.Histripwouldtakehimdown

theOhioandMississippiriverstotheportcityofNewOrleans.Inthatcity,he

talkedwithanumberofrich,powerfulmen.Heexplainedhisplan.Andhefound

·56·

supportamongthowhowishedtoendSpanishcontrolofMexico.Burrwasthen

readytoreturneastandputhisplanintoaction.

1805西西西

西深受

VOICEONE:

Onthewayback,BurrstoppedinSaintLouistoeGeneralJamesWilkinson,

governoroftheLouisianaTerritory.WilkinsonwasplottingwithBurr.

.

Atthesametime,however,WilkinsonwasspyingforSpain.Hedidnotwantto

lothemoneySpainpaidhimforinformation.Sohebegantothinkabouthowhe

couldpulloutofBurr’splan.

为西西

绞尽退

HeadvidBurrthatitmightbebesttoforgetMexico,thatperhapsthetimewasnot

right.HeofferedtohelpBurrgetbackintopoliticsasacongressmanfromIndiana.

西

尔返

BurrrejectedWilkinson’soffer.Hewasnotyetreadytogiveuphisdreamabout

Mexico.

拒绝西

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

BurrhadhopedtobeginhismoveagainstMexicointhespringofeighteen-oh-six.

Withoutmoney,however,hecoulddonothing.

1806上却

Hetriedtogetmoneyfrompeoplewhomightbeinterestedinsharingtheriches

ofMexico.Buthewasnotsuccessful.Nordidhegetthemoneyandshipshehad

askedearlierfromBritain.

西

·57·

于英

VOICEONE:

WarbetweentheUnitedStatesandSpainwasanimportantpartofBurr’splan.

Shouldtherebesuchawar,Burrwassurethemenofthewesternlandswouldjoin

himagainsttheSpanishinMexico.Withoutwar,thecampaignmightfail.

西

站在西

BurrreceivedbadnewsafterhereturnedtoWashington.

HemetwithPresidentThomasJefferson.Jeffersonmadeclearthattherewouldbe

nowarwithSpain.

消息.

西

AfterhismeetingwithJefferson,Burrbegantomakenewplans.Hewouldforget

theideaofinvadingMexicoatleasttemporarily.Instead,hesaidhewouldbuild

attlementinLouisianaandwaitforabettertime.

西

(MUSIC)

VOICETWO:

WhileAaronBurrhadbeentravelinginthewest,storiesbegantospreadabouthis

activities.Newspaperreportscameclotoaccusinghimofplottingtosplitthe

Union.Peopleemedwillingtobelievethereports.ThiswasthesituationGeneral

WilkinsonwouldutopulloutofBurr’splan.

顿的

.

机会

WilkinsonwrotealettertoPresidentJefferson.Heclaimedthataforceoften

thousandmenwasmovingtowardNewOrleans.Hesaiditwaspartofacampaign

againstMexico.Hegavedetailsofthecampaign,butclaimedhedidnotknowwho

wasleadingit.HewarnedthepresidentthattheforcemighttrytoizeLouisiana

aswellasMexico.

写信正直

·58·

西

队的标不西

VOICEONE:

ItwasnotthefirstletterJeffersonreceivedaboutBurr’sMexicancampaign.Nor

wasitthefirsttosaythatBurrwas,infact,planningtosplitsomewesternstates

fromtheUnion.But,unliketheotherletters,JeffersonacceptedWilkinson’sasfirm

evidenceagainstBurr.

并不到的西的第

西

裁伯

Thepresidentcalledacabinetmeetingtodiscusswhatshouldbedone.Theresult

ofthemeetingwasthis:allAmericanmilitarycommanderswereorderedtostop

Burr.

制止

PresidentJeffersonthenmadeapublicdeclaration.Hesaidaprivatemilitarycam-

paignwasabouttobeginagainsttheSpanish,andthatanyoneinvolvedshouldleave

itimmediately.ThedeclarationdidnotspeakofAaronBurrbyname.

宣言西秘密

宣言

VOICETWO:

JeffersonalsospokeoftheprivatemilitarycampaigninhisyearlyStateoftheUnion

messagetoCongress.Congressaskedformoreinformation.Inaspecialmessage,

thepresidentsaidBurrhadveralplans.Onewastosplitthewesternstatesfrom

theUnion.AnotherwastoizeMexico.HesaidBurrwantedtomakepeople

believehewasbuildingattlementinLouisiana.But,hesaid,thatwasjustatrick.

秘密

多的

西西

ThepresidentsaidBurrhaddiscoveredthatthepeopleofthewesternstateswould

notsupportanyattempttotakethemoutoftheUnion.So,thepresidentsaid,Burr

·59·

haddecidedtocaptureNewOrleans.JeffersonsaidtherewasnoquestionthatBurr

wasguilty.

尔发西定夺

(MUSIC)

VOICEONE:

Burr’sguilthadnotbeenprovedincourt.ButtomanyAmericans,Jefferson’s

statementwastakenastruth.SomedemandedthatBurrbeputtodeathfortreason.

是事

Thecrimeoftreason,asexplainedinAmerica’sConstitution,istheactofacitizen

makingwaragainsttheUnitedStates.

被裁

BurrwasarrestedinFebruary,eighteen-oh-ven,andtakentoRichmond,Virginia.

Afederalgrandjuryhearingwouldbeheldtodecideiftherewasenoughevidence

tobringhimtotrial.InJune,thegrandjuryofficiallychargedhimwithtreason.

BurrwouldstandtrialbeforeJohnMarshall,chiefjusticeoftheUnitedStates.

18072被捕往维

6尔犯

.

VOICETWO:

Atonepointincourt,Burrspokeforhimlf."Treason,"hesaid,"isnotpossible

withoutaction.YetIambeingattackednotforactsbutbecauoffalreports

aboutwhatImightdo.Thewholecountryhasbeenturnedagainstme.Isthis

justice?Wilkinsonfrightenedthepresidentwithhisreportsaboutme.Then,the

presidentfrightenedthepeople."

他说

站在的对

(MUSIC)

VOICEONE:

·60·

ItwastruethatPresidentJeffersonwantedtoproveBurrguilty.Heorderedgovern-

mentofficialsinallpartsofthecountrytofindwitnesswhocouldgiveevidence

againstBurr.

地的

指证

SomeofJefferson’sopponentssaidhedidthistoturnthetrialintoapoliticalbattle.

TheybelievedhewantedtouthetrialrecordtoattackChiefJusticeMarshall,

whowasamemberoftheoppositionFederalistParty.Jeffersonobjectedtothe

wayMarshallcontrolledtheSupremeCourt.HefeltMarshalludhispositionto

threatenthepowersofthepresidencyandCongress.

政治政治

对党

和国

ChiefJusticeMarshallknewofJefferson’spartintheaccusationsagainstBurr.He

wasextremelycarefulandfairingivinghisopinionsanddecisions.

定的

小心

VOICETWO:

AttheendofAugust,ChiefJusticeMarshallstoppedtakingevidence.Hetold

thecourtthatundertheConstitutionachargeoftreasonmustbeprovedby

twowitness.Hesaidthegovernment’sclaimhadnotbeenprovedbyevenone

witness.Heorderedthejurytodecidetheca.

8

OnSeptemberfirst,thejuryannounceditsdecision.Itsaid:"Weofthejurydeclare

thatAaronBurrisnotprovedguiltybyanyevidenceofferedtous.Therefore,we

findhimnotguilty."Burrandhislawyersangrilyprotestedthewaythedecisionhad

beenwritten.Theysaiditwaswrongforthejurytosaymorethan"guilty"or"not

guilty."Marshallagreed.Heorderedthedecisiontobechangedtoread,simply,

"notguilty."Thetrialwasover.

91

.

·61·

.

VOICEONE:

AaronBurrlivedanothertwenty-nineyears.HespentsometimeinEurope,and

thenNewYorkCity.Afewhoursbeforehedied,afriendaskedifhehadeverplot-

tedaspartofhisplantoizeMexicotosplittheUnionofAmericanstates.Burr

answered:"No!Iwouldassoonhavethoughtofizingthemoonandinforming

myfriendsthatIwoulddivideitamongthem."

.29

他说西

(MUSIC)

ANNOUNCER:

OurprogramwaswrittenbyFrankBeardsley.ThenarratorswereShirleyGriffith

andSteveEmber.JoinuseachweekforTHEMAKINGOFANATIONan

AmericanhistoryriesinVOASpecialEnglish.

·62·

果冻宝贝-本学期的目标

VOA建国史话文本(中英对照)031

本文发布于:2023-11-30 23:25:00,感谢您对本站的认可!

本文链接:https://www.wtabcd.cn/zhishi/a/1701357900231529.html

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。

本文word下载地址:VOA建国史话文本(中英对照)031.doc

本文 PDF 下载地址:VOA建国史话文本(中英对照)031.pdf

标签:给女儿的信
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论)
   
验证码:
推荐文章
排行榜
Copyright ©2019-2022 Comsenz Inc.Powered by © 实用文体写作网旗下知识大全大全栏目是一个全百科类宝库! 优秀范文|法律文书|专利查询|