电子科技大学研究生历年学位英语考试试题及答案汇编(9)分析解析_百度文

2002年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题：

Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A (0.5 point each)

16. Many women prefer to u cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.

A reveal B underline C improve D integrate

17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.

A justice B bias C participation D regionalism

18. The sale has been on for a long time becau the price is reckoned to be too high.

A considered B stipulated C raid D stimulated

19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.

A t foot on B lost their heart to C t their mind on D get hold of

20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.

A approximately B exactly C less than D more than

21. The old and shabby hous will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.

A pulled out B pulled in C pulled down D pulled up

22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.

A obrve B memorize C comment D request

23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the human brain.

A likeness B relation C contradiction D difference

24. It is often the ca that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in some aspects.

A practically B wonderfully C beneficially D emingly

25. The alleged all-power master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.

A so-called B well-known C esteemed D undoubted

26. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig’s genetic ____

A rervoir B warehou C pool D storehou

27. The chairman said that he was prepared to ____the younger people in the decision making.

A put up with B make way for C shed light on D take charge of

28. Tom is angry at Linda becau she ____ him ____ all the time.

A ts..up B puts…down C runs…out D drops…in

29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a _____characteristic of intelligence.

A defining B declining C defeating D deceiving

30. Our picnic having been ____ by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it cleared

up.

A destroyed B undermined C spoilt D contaminated

31. I was disappointed to e that tho people I had sort of ____ were pretty ordinary.

A despid B rented C worshipped D ridiculed.

32. One of the main purpos of using slang is to consolidate one’s ____ with a group.

A specification B unification C notification D identification

33. The ____ from underdeveloped countries may well increa in respon to the soaring demand

for high-tech professionals in developed nations.

A brain damage B brain trust C brain fever D brain drain

34. This matter ttled, we decided to ___ to the next item on the agenda.

A succeed B exceed C proceed D precede

35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often ___you for being a

good conversationalist.

A complement B compliment C compel D complain

Part III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)

Most American magazines and newspapers rerve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New

York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertiments. Some radio stations

devote 40 minutes of every hour to 37 .

Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three hours of

television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been

39 360,000 TV ads. Televisions adverti in airport, hospital waiting rooms, and schools.

Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars rve as high-speed 41 .

some athletes receive most of their money from advertirs. One 42 basketball player earned

$ 3.9 million by playing ball. Advertirs paid him nine times that much to 43 their products.

There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, bus and trucks. They decorate the

inside of taxis and subways ----even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to us in

supermarkets, stores, elevators -----and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so

much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to

the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail. 47 Insider’s Report, published by

McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated 48 of money spent on advertising

worldwide in 1990 was $ 275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $ 411.6 billion for

1997 and a projected $ 434.4 billion for 1998. Big money.

What is the effect of all of this ? One analyst 50 it this way: “Advertising is one of the most

powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads ll more than products. They ll images, values,

goals , concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes

shape our behaviour.

36. A lonely B alone C singly D individually

37. A commerce B consumers C commercials D commodities

38. A through B up C in D about

39. A taken to B spent in C expected of D expod to

40. A incidents B affairs C events D programs

41. A flashes B billboards C attractions D messages .

42. A top-heavy B top-talented C top-cret D top-ranking

43. A improve B promote C urge D update

44. A Audio B Studio C Oral D Video

45. A since B while C even D if

46. A toss out B lay down C blow out D break down

47. A It is said that B Apart from C According to D Including in

48. A digit B amount C account D budget

49. A raid B elevated C roared D soared

50. A said B recorded C told D put

Passage One For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly

surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, the

immenly powerful weapons have not been ud in war in over 50 years.

Historian John Keegan writes, “Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945, killed no one. The

50,000,000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap,

mass-produced weapons and small ammunitions, costing little more than the transistor radios which

have flooded the world in the same period. Becau small weapons have disrupted life very little in

the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism

flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this pollution

has brought in its train.”

Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the

relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in

countries that are poor----too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems. Small arms and light

weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is approximately the cost of a single

modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.

Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single rapid-fire

assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to u and maintain. A child of

ten can be taught to strip and reasmble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim

and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.

The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some African wars,

paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars’ worth of small arms and light weapons, not

with money, but with diamonds ized from diamond-mining areas.

Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal organizations

to u the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns in the other.

51. It is implied in the passage that __________

A small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control.

B the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement.

C the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished.

D nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago.

52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms becau ____

A They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism.

B They have no such problems as are caud by small weapons.

C They have not recognized the riousness of the problems in time.

D They face other more important problems such as pollution.

53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?

A Small arms are cheap. B Small arms are powerful .

C Small arms are easier to u. D Small arms are easier to get

54. We can conclude from the passage that ____

A small arms are not expensive in the black-market.

B it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond.

C Criminals u the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms.

D where there are drugs, there are small arms.

55. The best title for this passage is ____

A Small Arms Talks, Not Nuclear Arms Talks.

B Neglect of Small Arms Control

C Global Traffic in Small Arms

D Small Arms, Big Problems.

Passage Two In order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines

that are developed and aggressively advertid by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the

world market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a

year to hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What had been a conquence?

Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who take drugs has

either remained unchanged or become wor. So, recently some have turned to using other methods

of medical treatment.

In places where modern, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are now

turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies. “The Berlin Wall that has

long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling,” said

Consumer Reports of May 2000.

The Journal of the American Medical Association( JAMA) obrved, “Alternative medical

therapies such as the u of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in

medical schools nor generally available in U. S. hospitals, have attracted incread national

attention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public.”

In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical

practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective cour work on

alternative medicine, including Harvard, Stanford, University of Arizona, and Yale.

JAMA noted, “ Now an estimated 3 in 5 individual eing a medical doctor for a principal

condition also ud an alternative therapy. And outside the United States, alternative medicine is

popular throughout the industrialized world.”

The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a general

practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded, “There are no longer two types of medicine,

conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine.”

56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies ____

A pay doctors for prescribing their drugs.

B have raid the prices of their products sharply in recent years.

C spend more money on their advertiments than on their products.

D have produced some ineffective drugs.

57. The ntence “The Berlin Wall …. Appears to be crumbling” in the third paragraph implies that

_____

A the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished.

B there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs.

C conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable.

D conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies.

58. According to the passage, alternative therapies _____

A are widely taught in the U.S. medical schools now.

B have been approved by U. S. government.

C have been ud by many American patients.

D are as popular as conventional medicine.

59. JAMA ems to suggest that ____________

A U. S. government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies.

B a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients.

C pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies.

D conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands.

60. It is implied in the passage that ._____________

A we should take as little western medicine as possible.

B the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced.

C herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans.

D without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not be guaranteed.

Passage Three Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of

supporting life, scientists announced last week.

The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our home

galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimp the faint signature of far-off planet,

proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the univer.

Solar systems such as Earth’s, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered. Astronomers

have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and of the same

gaous make-up as Jupiter.

Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out how to

predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.

Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and eded them

with hypothetical Earths in “Goldilocks zone” orbits, where it is neither too hot too cold to support

life.

The computer simulates which of the model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its temperature

orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely to survive.

The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae

Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.

Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris----One is two and half times

the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively clo to the Goldilocks zone,

which is further out than ours becau 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and brighter than the sun.

“It’s certainly a system worth exploring for an Earth-like planet and for life,” said Jones. The

requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in a

liquid state.

NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years which

could produce pictures of Earth-sized planets.

61. It is suggested in this passage that _______________

A scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our galaxy.

B Theoretically there are a great number of Earth-like planets capable of supporting life.

C our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life.

D with more powerful telescope, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the univer

62. The “Godilocks zone” mentioned in the 5

th

paragraph most probably means _________

A a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun.

B a range in the univer in which the planets’ temperature is suitable for life.

C a range in the univer in which the planets can receive enough sunlight.

D a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system.

63. Barrie Jones and Nick Sleep have found ____________

A 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun.

B many planets’ atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter.

C the ways to tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets.

D a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems.

64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _______

A in the group of stars known as Great Bear.

B 2.5 times as big as Jupiter.

C smaller than our system.

D impossible for us to reach at prent time.

65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that it

must have _____

A enough water and proper temperature.

B enough oxygen and hydrogen.

C enough air and sunlight.

D enough water in any state.

Passage Four Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices, Vie President Al Gore has

another idea to get people out of their cars: Spend billions on mass transit ----$ 25 billion to be

exact. Last week, Gore unveiled his “Keep America Moving” initiative, which will spend $25

billion on upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore’s

lf-proclaimed “new way of thinking”, all that’s necessary to reduce traffic congestion is to “give

people a choice.”

The federal government has been trying to “give people a choice” for decades to little effect.

Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been ud to support urban bus and rail systems.

Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don’t do much to

reduce congestion either. No matter how much the tax-payers paid for the planned transit systems.

Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.

The vice president praid the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass transit

can be. Yet Portland’s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model. Rearch by the

Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland’s Metro has been a multi-million-dollar mistake.

According to Metro’s own figures, the light-rail system is doing little to reduce congestion, as most

of its riders ud to ride the bus. Tho riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price:

$ 62 per round trip. Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a

fraction of the cost, but they wouldn’t attract the same volume of federal funds.

66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems____

A are characterized by low consumption of gasoline.

B have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic.

C aim at monitoring the public traffic.

D are financially profitable.

67. What does the author say about the federal government?

A It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.

B It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.

C Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.

D It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.

68. What is said about Americans’ attitude toward the transit systems?

A They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.

B They think driving their own cars is more convenient.

C They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.

D They think there should be more choices in transportation.

69 In the third paragraph, the underlined expression “cautionary tale” most probably means ____

A an incredible story B an untrue story C a story giving a warning D a story teaching a moral

lesson

70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to ?

A In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.

B The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic congestion.

C The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light-rail system.

D The federal gasoline tax should be raid to support urban-transit system.

Passage Five In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along

the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long and is so

pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of the two social institutions as

natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppo the other.

Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations

between government and business. Moreover, if the two are en as natural and deadly enemies,

then business has no long-range future. It is lf-evident that government, as the only social

instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is

reduced to naked power.

A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and

government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business

cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own regularities

of procedure and behaviour; but at bottom the rest upon more fundamental patterns of order

which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.

The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct

responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cas, ancient and modern,

government-run economic activities em to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly

inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society’s sole purpo is to achieve a bare

survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of

economic arrangements.

71. Many people think government and business are “enemies” becau ____

A the struggle between the two parties has always existed.

B they bad their belief on the experience of the industrial countries.

C they believe that government can do better than business in economic activities.

D the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end.

72. The third paragraph mainly discuss___________

A how government and business depend on each other.

B why social order is important to business activities.

C Why it is necessary for business to rely on government.

D how business can develop and maintain order.

73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?

A They mostly aim at helping people to survive.

B They can be conducted as well as tho by business.

C They are the ones that business can’t do well.

D They are comparatively modern phenomena.

74. We can conclude from the passage that ____

A it is difficult for government and business to have good relations.

B it is difficult to study the relations between government and business.

C government should dominate economic activities.

D government and business should not oppo each other .

Passage Six Standing up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it’s got to be done,

but the price can be high.

Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former employer,

tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive. So too did

climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it is people

who are warming the planet. Both men found themlves under sustained attacks, Wigand from

Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car industries.

The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one

thing in common---they fought powerful vested interests （既得利益者）with scientific data that

tho interests wished would go away.

Commercial companies are not, of cour, the only vested interests in town. Governments have a

habit of backing the idea of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version: scientific

theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of tho theories

can be overly resistant to new ideas.

For example, Alfred Wegener’s idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet was

laughed at when he propod it in 1915. this idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s, when plate

tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for his

controversial suggestion that infectious dias such as BSE（疯牛病）were caud by a protein that

lf-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally , in 1997, he received a Nobel

Prize for his idea.

Western science has always thrived on individualism---- one person’s ambition to topple a theory.

So independence of thought is crucial. But this applies not only for scientists, but also their

institutions.

With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university

rearch---- perhaps it’s time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent rearch.

Overcoming scientists’ inertia will be much more difficult.

Yet we can’t afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if

governments had taken riously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link

between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and

premature death.

75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that __________

A individuals have greater chance of success in scientific rearch than collectives.

B personality plays a crucial role in the advance of science.

C originality of thinking is the key to the advance of science.

D the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements.

76. Jeffrey Wigand’s idea about the nature of cigarette__________

A was similar to that of the tobacco company.

B sounded ridiculous to the general public .

C was reached purely out of personal interests

D should be regarded as scientifically true.

77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant becau _____

A his idea could lead to a financial loss for the company.

B he had been eager to defeat his company.

C his idea was scientifically invalid.

D he had long been an enemy of the company.

78. The underlined phra “place tectonics” in the 5

th

paragraph probably refers to ____

A the study of the structure of the earth

B scientific study of the climate of the earth.

C the theory that the earth’s surface consists of plates in constant motion.

D the theory that the earth’s surface was originally a plate-shaped heavenly body.

79. One of the conclusions that we can reach from this passage is that ____

A governmental interests always em to clash with tho of the private companies.

B scientific findings are often obtained at the sacrifice of personal interests.

C scientific truths are often rejected before they are widely accepted.

D scientists are sometimes doubtful about their beliefs.

80. The author ems to be suggesting that _______

A the vested interests are sometimes on obstacle to the progress of science.

B governments are the one to blame for the deterioration of the environment.

C a timely respon to people’s demand is appreciated by the academia.

D the interference by the government resulted in the tragedy of the 1950s.

Part V Translation (40 minutes, 20 points )

The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we don’t stand against

terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists by

destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building an

enduring prosperity that promis more opportunity and better lives for all the world’s people.

The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themlves up to the world, and the

result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region are

more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And this

progress has proved what openness can accomplish.

Section B ( 20 minutes, 10 points )

也许你觉得自己那些静卧于抽屉中的家书措辞不够优美， 气息也不够现代，其实这正是我

们所需要的，/毕竟时代的烙印和真挚的情怀是挥之不去， 那亘古不变的魔力足以超出我们

的想象。