北极狼

北极狼（学名：），又称白狼，是犬科的哺乳动物，也是灰狼的亚

Canis lupus arctos

种，分布于欧亚大陆北部、加拿大北部和格陵兰北部。

The Arctic Wolf (), also called Polar Wolf or White Wolf,

Canis lupus arctos

is a subspecies of the Gray Wolf, a mammal of the family Canidae. Arctic

Wolves inhabit the Canadian Arctic, Alaska and the northern parts of

Greenland.

解剖学

北极狼一般比灰狼小，连尾巴长约3至5尺，成年的北极狼仅高3英尺；雄性比雌性

[1]

的体型要大。它们肩膀的高度由25到31英寸不等；北极狼一般重逾100磅，一只成熟

的雄性甚至可重达175磅。北极狼的耳朵一般都较为小，这样有助其保持体温。

曾经有一只被人类养的北极狼寿命长达18年；但是一般来说，在野外的北极狼的寿命

只长7到10年。

The arctic wolf is generally smaller than the gray wolf. They are usually

3 to 5 feet long .The adult arctic wolf is only 3 feet tall. Their

shoulder-high are from 25 to 31 inches. The weight of arctic wolf usually

more than 100 pounds. A mature male even can weigh up to 175 pounds. Their

ears are relatively small, so that it can help them keep the body

temperature. Generally speaking, in the field, the life of the arctic Wolf

is only 7 to 10 years long.

栖息地与分布

北极狼的北部栖息在格陵兰岛和加拿大北极地区的阿拉斯加。

他们已经住在北美有二百万多

年的历史了。[引用需要]当他们发现一个书房,他们做出了几个室为食物和年轻。北极狼生活在

加拿大北极群岛,北海岸的格陵兰岛,大约70°纬度以北朝鲜。北极狼是唯一的灰色亚种狼,还能

发现它原来的整个范围,很大程度上是因为,在它们的自然栖息地,他们很少遇到人类。北极狼也

是唯一的亚种狼不是威胁——他们的远程家意味着它们相对安全的从人的活动,不论是在狩猎和

栖息地的破坏。

Habitat and distribution

The Arctic Wolf inhabits the northern part of Greenland, the Canadian

Arctic and parts of Alaska. They have lived in North America for more than

two million years. When they find a den, they make a couple of

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citation needed

chambers for food and young. Arctic wolves live on the islands of the

Canadian Arctic, and the north coast of Greenland, roughly north of 70°

North latitude. The Arctic Wolf is the only subspecies of the Gray Wolf

that still can be found over the whole of its original range, largely

becau, in their natural habitat, they rarely encounter humans. The

Arctic wolf is also the only subspecies of wolf which is not threatened

- their remote home means that they are relatively safe from man's

activities, both in terms of hunting and habitat destruction.

Behavior

The Arctic Wolf can withstand the arctic weather. They can survive in

sub-zero temperatures for years, in absolute darkness for five months per

year, and without food for weeks. Arctic Wolves usually travel in packs

of 2 to 20. They live in small family groups: a breeding pair and their

pups. The pack works together to feed and care for their pups. Lone Arctic

Wolves are young males that have left their pack to ek their own

territories. They avoid other wolves, unless they are able to mate. Having

found an abandoned territory, a lone Arctic Wolf will claim it by marking

the territory with its scent, and then gather other lone wolves into its

pack. When the female is pregnant, she leaves the pack to dig a den to

rai her pups. If the ice is too thick, she will move to a den or cave.

北极狼能承受严寒的天气。他们可以在零下的温度中生存多年,在绝对的黑暗中五个月/年,没有

食物了几个星期。在北极狼通常旅游包2 - 20。他们住在小户型组:一个饲养双和他们的幼仔。

狼群吃和一起工作,照顾幼儿。孤独的北极狼是年轻的男性都留下了他们的包去寻找他们自己的

领土。他们避免其他狼,除非他们是可以交配。他找到了一个被遗弃的领土,成为一位单身北极狼

就宣称它的领地标识,其香味,然后收集其他孤僻进它的包装。当女性怀孕了,她离开了包挖一个

坑中提高幼崽。如果冰也太厚,她就要搬到一个洞穴或洞穴。

捕食

像其他所有狼一般，北极狼是一群的集体捕猎动物的，通常是5至10只组成一群；它

们大多捕食驯鹿和麝牛，但亦会捕杀北极兔、旅鼠、驼鹿、鱼类、海象和其他动物，有

时甚至会攻击人类。

在冬季时，它们也会捕猎马鹿，因为在冬季时马鹿的长腿会陷入厚厚的雪中，让北极狼

有机可乘，可以很轻易地就能捕猎到这种全球最大的陆生动物之一。

由于冬季时植物稀少，它们会在很大的范围内徜徉捕猎，横越逾2600 km²的地方，并随

驯鹿迁徙。虽然人们一般认为北极狼很凶猛，但是对爱斯基摩人来说，北极狼是一种很

温和的动物。

Hunting

Like all wolves, Arctic Wolves hunt in packs, preying mainly on caribou

and muskoxen, but also arctic hares, als, ptarmigan and lemmings, and

smaller animals such as waterfowl. To eat rodents they must pick up their

[1]

scent and find the entrance to their tiny dens to flush them out. Wolves

almost never attack humans. Due to the scarcity of prey, they roam large

areas, up to 2,600 km (1,000 sq mi), and follow migrating caribou

2

south during the winter, for a food source. They are not fast runners,

instead relying on stamina to take down prey.

[2]

Adult wolves have 42 teeth, their main weapon in hunting. They swallow

food in large chunks, barely chewing it. They eat all of their prey,

including the bones. Wolves can eat up to 20 pounds (9 kg) of meat at

one meal. When they return from the hunt, wolves regurgitate some of the

food for the hungry pups.

[

由于北极永久它对土壤和困难挖洞、北极狼经常使用岩石outcroppings、洞穴甚至是浅凹陷

洞来代替。妊娠后约63天到75天,生是在五月到六月初,约一个月之后比灰色的狼。母亲生

出2或3只小狗崽,虽然可能多达12。这是比灰狼幼仔少,有四到五次。一般认为,感染人数的

降低是由于缺乏猎物在北极。小狗天生失明和失聪,体重约为1英镑。他们依赖母亲食物和

保护。当他们有三个星期了,他们被允许以外的洞穴。其他狼在包可以照顾母亲的幼犬,直到

她回来的时候带来食物.

北极狼的主要的天敌是人类，由于人类的采伐树木、污染和垃圾，它们失去了居住的

地方。北极狼面临濒危的境地，主要的威胁是偷猎者，每年至少有200只北极狼被杀。

The main natural enemy of the arctic wolf is human being. Becau of

human cutting trees,

pollution and rubbish, they lost their living place. Facing the endangered situation, the main

threat of the arctic wolf is the poacher, every year at least 200 arctic wolves were killed by

humans.

据统计，现时全球只有约一万只的北极狼生存，因此它们被列为二

级濒危动物。

According to the rearch, there are only 10,000 arctic wolves alive.

Therefore, they were listed as the condary endangered species.