英语
------数词
▲掌握分数、时间、日期的表达法。
【】
复习要点
(一)基数词
基数词用来表示数目,或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。
1 one 11 eleven 100 a hundred
2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1000 a thousand
10,000,000 ten million 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty
100,000,000 a hundred million 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty
1,000,000,000 a billion 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty
70 venty 7 ven 17 venteen
80 eighty 8 eight 18 eighteen
90 ninety 9 nine 19 nineteen
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1,000,000 a million
10 ten
说明:
1.13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。
2.20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成,注意其中20—50的拼写分别是twenty, thirty, forty 和
fifty;80的拼写是eighty。
3.其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符“-”,再加个位数构成。如: 81
eighty-one。
4.101—999的基数词先写百位数,后加and再写十位数和个位数。如: 691 six hundred and
ninety-one。
5.1000以上的基数词先写千位数,后写百位数,再加and,最后写十位数和个位数。
如:5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。 在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”
的单位词,没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词,而是用thousand(千)和million(百万)来
表达,其换算关系为:1万=10 thousand;1亿=100 million; 10亿=a thousand million=a billion。
6.多位数的读法:
1)1000以上的多位数,要使用计数间隔或逗号“,”。即从个位起,每隔三位加一个间
隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand(千),第二个间隔或逗号前是million(百万),
第三个间隔或逗号前是a thousand million或a billion(十亿)。
2)每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。读的时候十位数(或个位数)的前面一般要
加and。如:
888,000,000读作:eight hundred and eighty-eight million。
基数词的用法:
1. 基数词在句中的作用
基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词,在句中可作定语、主语、宾语(介宾)、表语、同
位语等。
例如:
Three and five is eight. 3+5=8 (作表语)
How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子?
I want eight. 我要八个。 (作宾语)
There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八条小船。(作定语)
2.Hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score这些词前面如有表示具体数字的词,它们不能加
“s”,反之则须加 “s”, 并要与of短语连用。例如:
three hundred people, five thousand years;
thousands of people, hundreds of students, thousands of trees
(二)序数词
表示顺序的词,叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外,序数词一般都由
相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。
请见下表:
第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上
first eleventh twentieth
cond twelfth thirtieth
third thirteenth fortieth
fourth fourteenth fiftieth
fifth fifteenth sixtieth
sixth sixteenth ventieth
venth venteenth eightieth
eighth eighteenth ninetieth
ninth nineteenth hundredth
tenth thousandth
说明:
1.英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式,要注意它们的拼写。
2.表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。
3.其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如:fifty-first(第五十一)。
4.少数序数词拼法不规则,如:fifth(第五),eighth(第八),ninth(第九),twelfth
(第十二)等。
注意:
1.序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。
例如:
第一:(the) first=1st 第二:(the) cond=2nd
第三:(the) third=3rd 第五:(the) fifth=5th
第九十七:(the) ninety-venth=97th
第一百零一:(the) one hundred (and)first=101st
2.编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序,但是基数词要后置。
例如: 第一课:Lesson One 第三十二页:Page 32
第305房间:Room 305 第12路公共汽车:Bas No.12
序数词的用法
序数词表顺序,主要作定语,其前面须加上定冠词the,此外,也作主语、宾语、表语
和定语等,这时,被它所修饰的名词往往被省略。如:The first ( person ) to arrive is Kate.
例如:
The first is bigger than the cond. (作主语)第一个比第二个大。
Give me the first. (作宾语)把第一个给我。
She’s often the first to go to school. (作表语)她经常第一个去上学。
We’re going to learn the eighth lesson. (作定语)我们将要学习第八课。
(三)分数表达法
先写基数词表示分子,后写序数词表示分母,如果分子大于1时,分母用复数。如:
one-fourth, two-fifths, three-tenths
(四)小数表达法
小数点前的整数按基数词的规则表示,小数点写作point, 小数后的数字应按其数字直接表
示出来。如:18.38可写成:eighteen point three eight。
注意:小数在句中常作定语,尤其在比较方式状语从句中被使用。如:This stone is 3.5 times
heavier than that one.
(五)百分数表达法 (根据学生情况选择使用)
在数词后加percent。例如:
15%读作:fifteen percent;60%读作:sixty percent
分数、百分数与主谓一致
分数、百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓
语动词用复数形式;当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Henan.
我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。
Three fourths of the students in my class are interested in English.
我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。
Two thirds of the water on the earth is a water.
地球上三分之二的水是海水。
(六)倍数的表示法
1. 表示“几倍大小(长短;数量)”,由“倍数+ the size(length, )”结构组成。如:
The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon.
2. 表示“……比……大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词(副词)比较级+ than +被比较部分”结构组成。
如:
This box is three times bigger than that one.
3. 表示“……是……倍”,由“倍数+ as +形容词+ as +被比较部分”结构组成。如:
Our factory is twice as big as theirs.
(七)年、月、日和时间的表达法
1.年份用基数词表达,分两位一读,年份前用介词in。例如:
1999 nineteen ninety-nine
2000 two thousand
2001 two thousand and one
2.月份的第一个字母要大写,有些月份名称有缩写形式。例如:
一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月(Apr.),五月May, 六
月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.),九月September(Sep.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月
November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)。
3.日期的表达要用序数词,读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。
例如:在6月1日:on June 1st 读作:on June the first.
年、月、日同时表达时,一般应先写月、日、后写年。如:
在2001年5月4日:on May 4 th, 2001。
4.年代用基数词的复数表示。
例如:20世纪90年代:nineteen nineties;21世纪20年代:twenty twenties
5.时间表达法:时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。例如:
5:00 five (o’clock)
6:18 six eighteen或 eighteen past six
12:15 twelve fifteen 或fifteen (a quarter) past twelve
4:30 four thirty或 half past four
6:45 six forty-five a quarter to ven
注意:
1)表示整点时间,直接用基数词表达,后边可接o’clock (也可不加)。表达“几点几分”
时,绝不能用o’clock。
2)表达“15分”或“45分”时,常用quarter(刻)。
3)在倒读法中,如果钟点不过半,须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式;如果钟点过半,
则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点(下个钟点数)”的形式。
( ) 1. Lincoln was born on ________.
A. February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12 C. 1809, 12 February D. February 1809,12
( ) 2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.
A. ten-year-old B. ten years old C. ten-year-old D. fifth years old
( ) 3. An hour later, _____ minister was nt to e the “magic cloth” woven by tho two men.
A. two B. the cond C. the two D. cond
( ) 4. Abraham Lincoln was _______ President of the United States.
A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th D. the 16th
( ) 5. Do you think there is any room for us ________ ?
A. two B. the two C. cond D. the cond
( ) 6. How many students are there in your class?
________.
A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties
( ) 7. Which number is wrong? _______.
A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth
( ) 8. The People's Liberation Army was founded _______.
A. on August 1, 1927 B. in 1927, 1 August C. on August 1st, 1927 D. in August 1, 1927
( ) 9. The number 4,123 is read _______.
A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three B. four thousand and one hundred
twenty-three
C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three D. four thousands a hundred and
twenty-three
( ) 10. The old professor still works hard though he is _________.
A. in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty
( ) 11. This classroom is ________ ours.
A. three times big as B. as three times big as C. three times as big as D. as big three times as
( ) 12. The basketball team of our school ranks ________ in the match.
A. three B. third C. the three D. the third
( ) 13. Which is the car that he drives? It's ________.
A. fifty two B. the fifty-two cars C. the car fifty four D. the fifty-fourth car
( ) 14. Which of the following is wrong? ________.
A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy. B. He is at the age of 15.
C. He is a boy of 15. D. He is fifteen year old.
( ) 15. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.
A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of
( ) 16. How many new words are there in ________ lesson?
There are only _________.
A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. the fifth; the five D. the fifth; five
( ) 17. ________, Coca-Cola began to enter China's market.
A. In 1970's B. In 1970s C. In the 1970s' D. In the 1970s
( ) 18. There was no bus in that small town. We had a ________.
A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten mile's walk D. tenth mile walk
( ) 19. Today is the first day and ________.
A. Tuesday is fourth B. Thursday is the fourth C. cond is Tuesday D. a cond is Thursday
( ) 20. Which room do you live in? ________.
A. The 201 Room B. Room 201 C. Room 201st D. The 201's Room
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