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2018年12月英语四级真题及答案

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2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案

第一部分写作

2018年12月大学英语四级考试写作真题(第1套)

2018年12月英语四级真题写作范文(出国留学的挑战)

【作文一参考范文】

It is well known that due to the booming economy and increasing family income, studying abroad

has become an increasingly popular choice for students. Although studying abroad is often praid

by people for its advantages, there are still some disadvantages to be noticed.

First of all, to study abroad is expensive. Specifically speaking, tho involved have to spend a

large amount of money on tuition and living expens, which is not affordable for everyone. In

addition, to study abroad is a great challenge for tho students who lack the ability of living

independently. If they can not take good care of themlves there, their academic performance will

be affected to a large extent. Last but not least, to study abroad may exerci a negative influence

on students’ mentality. As we all know, to study abroad equals to stay away from family and

friends for a long time, which is likely to produce some psychological problems for tho students,

such as being solitary and gloomy.

From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that the

disadvantages of studying abroad can not be neglected. What’s more, tho students who are

planning to study abroad should make enough preparations for the problems mentioned above.

Only in this way, can they have a fruitful and successful study life abroad.

【参考译文】

众所周知，随着经济的蓬勃发展和家庭收入的增加，出国留学已经成为越来越受学生欢迎的

选择。虽然出国留学的优点经常被人们称赞，但仍有一些缺点需要注意。

首先，出国留学的费用是昂贵的。具体来说，这些人不得不花费一大笔钱在学费和生活费上，

而这并不是每个人都负担得起的。此外，对于那些缺乏独立生活能力的学生来说，出国留学

是一个巨大的挑战。如果他们不能照顾好自己，他们的学习成绩将在很大程度上受到影响。

最后但并非最不重要，出国留学可能会对学生的心理产生负面影响。众所周知，出国留学等

于长时间远离家人和朋友，这很可能使留学生产生一些心理问题，如孤僻和沮丧。

综上所述，我们不难得出以下结论：出国留学的缺点是不能忽视的。更重要的是，那些计划

出国留学的学生应该为解决这些问题做好充足的准备。只有这样，他们才能有一个丰富多彩

且成功的留学生活。

2018年12月英语四级真题作文:大城市生活的挑战

【作文二参考范文】

Recently the phenomenon of living in a big city has been brought into focus. With the population

of dwelling in a big city increasing dramatically for its convenient infrastructure and higher wage

level, the challenges have also aroud more and more concerns among the society.

First of all, the most obvious problem is the issue of traffic. In a big cities, traffic jam is quite

common everywhere, especially in the rush time. Conquently, a large number of people have to

spend much time in commuting. In the cond place, with the growth of cars and bus in big

cities, air pollution has become another disadvantage, which may do harm to the health of people.

Last but not least, people living in a big city tend to endure more pressure of work and life, which

may, directly or indirectly, influence their mental health.

So what will be the possible tendency of this situation in the following decades? From my

perspective, the number of people living in a big city will keep increasing owing to the truth that

people prefer to enjoy the advantage of big city, however,the disadvantages of it should not be

would be advisable to prepare yourlves well to meet any challenges in the future.

【参考范文译文】

近年住在大城市的现象已经引起人们的广泛关注，越来越多得人选择住在大城市是因为大城

市基础设施健全且工资水平较高，除了好处，住在大城市的挑战也成为人们关注话题。

首先，最明显的问题是交通。在大城市里，到处交通堵塞是很常见的现象，尤其是高峰期。

很多人不得不花费大量的时间在通勤上。其次，随着大城市的汽车和公交车数量的增加，空

气污染已成为在大城市生活的另一个劣势，这些污染很有可能会危及人们的健康。最后，生

活在大城市的人会有承担更多的生活和工作压力，这对他们的心理健康也很不利。

在接下来几年这种现象会保持什么样的趋势呢?在我看来，住在大城市的人口会因享受大城

市的便利而不断增加，然而人们也应该注意到生活在大城市的弊端，想要应对各种挑战最好

是自己时刻保持状态良好。

以上就关于四级作文的范文及解析，今年的作文话题依旧是围绕社会热点展开，从难度上看，

没有超出同学们熟悉的话题，建议同学们在今后的学习中也要注意对热点话题的关注，并且

记忆常用表达结构，轻松输出高分作文。

2018年12月四级真题作文范文(毕业后的创业挑战)

【作文三参考范文】

The Challenges of Starting a Career after Graduation

Facing the rising employment pressure, a host of college graduates choo to start a career instead

of looking for a regular job in a company. As we all know that, starting a career is beneficial to

realize one’s own dreams and value. However, it is also widely acknowledged that stating a career

will be inevitably confronted with numerous challenges.

When it comes to the challenges that we may meet in the process of staring a career, the main ones

can be listed as follows. First of all, as freshmen who have just entered into the society, it is

obvious that college graduates lack related experience, which will increa the rate of failure they

may encounter during starting a career. Being short of entrepreneurial experience is one of

difficulties that college graduates need to overcome. In addition, the collection of money is

another problem they should solve urgently. Otherwi, there is no possibility of starting a career.

Although starting a career after graduation has so many challenges to be solved, college graduates

still need take a positive attitude towards it. Moreover, prudent consideration and entrepreneurial

spirit are also necessary for graduates to start a career.

【四级写作范文译文】

面对日益增加的竞争压力，众多大学生选择自己创业，而非选择一家公司过朝九晚六的生活。

尽管创业有助于个人实现自我价值和梦想，但众所周知的是，创业同样不可避免地会面临很

多挑战。

提及刚毕业大学生创业可能面临的困难，主要的挑战如下所述。首先，作为刚步入社会的新

人，大学生在工作经验方面显然很是欠缺，这就增加了他们在创业过程中失败的几率。缺乏

经验只是挑战之一。此外，资金的筹措是刚毕业大学生创业过程中另一个需要亟待解决的问

题，缺乏资金则创业无门。

尽管刚毕业就创业面临着众多困难，但是大学生仍旧需要对创业保持积极乐观的态度，而且，

审慎的态度和创业的精神也是刚毕业大学生创业必不可少的品质。

第二部分听力

News 1

A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver

fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tiny device will

provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high

definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth. The network is part of a

mission to the moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission

to the moon. The 4G mission is t to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space

X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019. Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a

communications network on the moon. The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G

rather than a fifth generation or 5G network. This is becau fifth generation networks are still in

testing and trial phas. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on

the moon’s surface.

Question 1: What are scientists planning to do?

Question 2: Why did scientists choo to t up a 4G network in their mission?

News 2

It’s responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Heywood. The fire was reported

at 9:26 pm at an old shopping center on Michigan Avenue near St. Mary’s Church. Six fire engines,

two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene. Crews had the fire under control in about 45

minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin. There were some people inside the

building when the fire broke out but there were no reports of any injuries. Fire investigators have

responded to the scene but have not yet determined the cau of the fire. Firefighters will remain

on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire doesn’t start up again. The shopping

mall had not been in u since 2002. In 2014 City Hall developed a plan to knock down the

building and replace it with affordable housing. However the plan was dropped due to lack of

funds.

Question 3: What does the news item say about the fire?

Question 4: What had City Hall planned to do?

News 3

Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6X their normal price. This is after the country’s main

manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage. Storms and floods and its main potato

growing region last year caud the worst harvest and more than 3 decades. Local media reports

suggest Calbee and its main rival Koike-ya are halting almost 50 products.

“We don’t know when we’ll be able to restart”, a company spokesman said. Snack lovers are

panic buying and many supermarket shelves are bare. Japane laws limit the amount of imported

potatoes that can be ud in Japane made products. Japan says fear of dia is its main reason

to block fresh imports. It still only allows potatoes from lected US states. This is only at certain

times and on condition that they are procesd at factories bad near Japane ports.

But global warming has raid the possibility that domestic produce could be riously affected by

rare weather events more often.

Question 5: What problem is Japan facing?

Question 6: Why does Japan limit the import of potatoes?

Question 7: What might affect Japane domestic produce?

Conversation 1

M: Mr. Brown’s lectures are so boring.

W: Yes, he is not a very exciting speaker. But the subject is interesting.

M: During every one of his lectures, I try to listen I really try. But after about 10 minutes my mind

begins to wander and I lo concentration. But I e that you em to be OK. How do you stay

focud through the entire hour?

W: Well, what I do is keep my pen moving.

M: What do you mean?

W: It’s a method of active concentration I read about. One of the most effective ways to

concentrate is to write things down. But it has to be done by hand, not typing on a keyboard. You

e writing by hand forces you to actually engage with what you’re learning in a more physical

way.

M: Do you review your notes afterwards then?

W: Sometimes but that’s not important. My notes may or may not be uful but the point is that by

writing down what Mr. Brand says I can follow his line of thinking more easily. In fact, sometimes

I draw a little too.

M: You draw in class and that helps me pay attention?

W: Yes, honestly it works for me. I just draw little lines and nonn really. It was also in that

article I read. It can keep the mind active, prevent getting bored and help to concentrate. Again the

point is to listen hard while keeping the pen moving. If I’m at home and I need to study what I do

is read out loud. It has a similar effect to writing by hand. It helps memorize information in a

physical way.

Question 8: What does the man think of Mr. Brown’s lectures?

Question 9: What does the woman do during Mr. Brown’s lectures?

Question 10: Why does the woman draw in class?

Question 11: What does the woman say about reading out loud?

Conversation 2

M: And where is this?

F: The photos are from the Taj Mahal in India. We went there about ten years ago for our

honeymoon.

M: Was it romantic.

F: Yeah. The Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story

behind this building that all Indians learn in school. I think it was during the 1600 and the princess

at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child. The Emperor loved the princess so much and

was so sad when she died that he ordered the palace to be built in her honor.

M: Wow! That sounds very romantic. It looks amazing.

F: Yes it’s gorgeous. It’s also larger in real life than it looks in the photos. The building is very tall

and there are gardens in a wall around it all. It’s all built in this white stone and some walls of the

building are decorated with jewels.

M: It must have been very crowded when you were there.

F: Yes it’s a very famous tourist destination. So there are thousands of visitors every day.

M: Was the rest of India crowded?

F: Yes, very crowded in many cities. It was sometimes so crowded that it was difficult to walk

along the streets especially through busy markets. And there are so many cars. Traffic was terrible

but the people were friendly. The culture is amazing and we had a great time.

M: What about the food?

F: the Indian food is great. There are lots of different dishes to try and every region has its own

special food.

Question 12: For what purpo did the woman go to India?

Question 13: Why was the Taj Mahal built?

Question 14: What does the woman say about the Taj Mahal?

Question 15: What is the woman‘s impression of Indian cities?

Passage 1

A Pew Rearch Center survey of more than 1000 Americans conducted in April 2016 finds that

Americans continue to express largely positive views about the current state of their local public

libraries. For instance around three quarters say that public libraries provide them with the

resources they need and 66 percent say the closing of their local public library would have a major

impact on their community. Although notably just 33 percent say this would have a major impact

on them personally or on their family. A majority of Americans feel libraries are doing a good job

of providing a safe place for people to hang out or spend time as well as opening up educational

opportunities for people of all ages and roughly half think their libraries contribute a lot to their

communities in terms of helping spark creativity among young people and providing a trusted

place for people to learn about new technologies. As in past Pew Rearch Center surveys of

library u the April 2016 survey also measured Americans usage of and engagement with

libraries. Overall, 53 percent of Americans ages 16 and older have had some interaction with the

puppet library in the past year either through an in person visit or using a library Web site some 48

percent of adults specifically visited a library in the past 12 months. A modest increa from the 44

percent who said that in late 2015.

Question 16: What do most Americans say about local public libraries?

Question 17: How can local public libraries benefit young people?

Question 18：What does the 2016 survey show about adult library urs?

Passage 2

A Savannah cat is a crossbreed between a domestic cat and a medium-sized wild African cat called

the Serval. The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s. And in

2001, the International Cat Association accepted it as a new registered breed. The savannahs are

tall and slim and can weigh up to nine point one kilograms, making them one of the largest breeds

of cats that people can own. They have a spotted code similar to that of many types of wild cats

and their ears are very large. They are also commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty and can be

trained to walk on a lead and to fetch, and often noted characteristic of the Savannah is its jumping

ability. They are known to jump on top of doors and high cabinets. Some can leap about 2.5

metres high from a standing position. Cats are typically known for being very inquisitive and so

are the Savannahs. They often learn how to open doors and cupboards. Many Savannah cats do

not fear water and will play with or even dive into water. Some owners even shower with their

Savannah Cats, prenting a water bowl to Savannah may also prove a challenge, as some will

promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty using their front paws.

Question 19: What do we learn about the savannah cat?

Question 20: What is characteristic of Savannah cats?

Question 21: What do some people do with their Savannah cats?

Passage 3

When children start school for the very 1st time parents often feel a n of excitement coupled

with a touch of sadness at the end of an era. This is the start of a new adventure for children

playing and interacting with new friends sharing, taking turns and ttling into a new routine.

But of cour, this is not the start of your child’s education which in fact began at birth. Back then,

you would have been your child’s most influential teachers. During this time at home, your child

would have learnt more than at any other period in their life. During your child’s first year in

school much time will be spent in learning to read and they need to know that this is fun and

worthwhile. Your child will naturally copy you so it is important that you are en reading and

enjoying books newspapers and magazines rather than just absorbed in screens. Ultimately an

excellent education should be a clo partnership between parents and teachers. A child’s year

splits fairly neatly into thirds: a 3rd at school, a 3rd asleep and a third awake at home or on

holiday.

Irrespective of the quality of a school a child‘s home life is of key importance. It is the

determining factor of their academic success. Your child may have started on a new journey but

your work is far from finished.

Question 22: How do parents feel when their children start going to school?

Question 23: What does the passage say about children’s education?

Question 24: What should parents do for the success of their children’s education?

Question 25: What does the passage say is the key factor of loinbo’s academic success?

听力答案

News report 1:

1. C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.

2. A) It is stable.

News report 2:

3. B) No injuries were yet reported.

4. B) Pull down the derted shopping mall.

News report 3:

5. D) Insufficient potato supply.

6. C) It is afraid of the spread of dia.

Section B

Conversation 1:

8. C) Dull.

9. D) She takes notes.

10. A) It keeps her mind active.

11. B) It helps her better remember what she learns.

Conversation 2:

12. A) To spend her honeymoon.

13. A) In memory of a princess.

14. D) It has walls decorated with jewels.

15. B) They are mostly crowded.

Section C

Passage 1

16. C) They provide residents with the resources needed.

17. B) By inspiring their creativity.

18. D) Their number incread modestly

Passage 2

19. C) It is an unusual cross breed.

20. A) They are as loyal as dogs.

21. C) They shower with them.

Passage 3

22. D) Excited but somewhat sad.

23. A) It starts the moment they are born.

24. D) Set a good example for them to follow.

25. B) Their home life.

第三部分阅读理解

匹配题1

Food-as-Medicine Movement is witnessing progress.

36-40 DBGFI 41-45 FCJEG

36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

38. There is growing evidence from rearch that food helps patients recover from various

illness.

39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how

to cook it.

42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herlf thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

43. Diabetes patients are advid to eat more plant-bad food.

44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea but the movement is making headway the days.

45. Americans’ high rates of various illness result from the way they eat.

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

匹配题2

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)

匹配题3

How a poor abandoned Parisian boy became a top chef?

36-40 GMFCE DAHKB

was among the first chefs who stresd both the appearance and flavor of dishes.

wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most world.

benefited greatly from rving a French diplomat and his connections.

learned his trade from a famous desrt chef in Paris.

’s creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.

’s knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desrts out of

ordinary ingredient.

people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Careme.

became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.

’s writing dealt with fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.

’s contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.

第四部分深度阅读

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section B

Directions: In this ction, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each

statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which

the information is derived. You may choo a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is

marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress

[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington

Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day,

this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea

on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about

trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little

cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take

the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”

[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby

Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s

‘Shop with Your Doc’ program nds doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who

[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-chee boxes in Scott’s shopping cart

and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real chee. “So I’d have to make it?”she

asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject

it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”

[D] Nadeau says sugar and procesd foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among

children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is procesd food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only

5 percent of our food is plant-bad food. I think we should try to rever that.” Scott agrees to try

more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and chee. Score one point for the doctor,

zero for diabetes.

[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine

movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical

institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物).

By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are

trying to prevent, limit or even rever dia by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question

people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even

preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.

[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joph Hoag Health,

medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a

health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the

Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which

completed its pilot pha and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout

the city. The program will offer patients veral bags of food prescribed for their condition, along

with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just

give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives.

“We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their

lives.”

[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized

training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food

to treat dia. Rearch findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or rever dias,

but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit

substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective

data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and procesd foods in the American diet

contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart dia. According to the World

Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart dia and stroke are caud by high blood

pressure, tobacco u, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

[H] “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat dia,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run

the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of

Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat

dia, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma

Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about

which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.

[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up.

That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people

about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a

patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family.

“What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the

most powerful things you can change to rever the effects of long-term dia.”

[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example,

or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians

recommend a plant-bad diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory

conditions.

[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says

Nguyen. “In the same way physicians ud to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to

talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”

36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

38. There is growing evidence from rearch that food helps patients recover from various

illness.

39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how

to cook it.

42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herlf, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

43. Diabetes patients are advid to eat more plant-bad food.

44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway the days.

45. Americans’ high rates of various illness result from the way they eat.

2018年12月英语四级阅读真题选词填空(第一套)

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this ction, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to lect one word

for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage

through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.

Plea mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through

the centre. You may not u any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are bad on the following passage.

Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than

$5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most rious 26 occurring in the developing world.

The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225

billion a year.

The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes

28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past veral decades despite advances

in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry

and transportation.

Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to

action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals

have little 31 ,”he said.

The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor

income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in

places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.

But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S.

as a result of related illness. In many European countries, where diel(柴油) 35 have become

more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.

2018年12月英语四级选词填空题目：

Directions: In this ction, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to lect one word

for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage

through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.

Plea mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through

the centre. You may not u any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are bad on the following passage.

Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than

$5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most rious 26 occurring in the developing world.

The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225

billion a year.

The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes

28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past veral decades despite advances

in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry

and transportation.

Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to

action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals

have little 31 ,”he said.

The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor

income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in

places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.

But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S.

as a result of related illness. In many European countries, where diel(柴油) 35 have become

more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.

A)ability I)exclusively

B)associated J)innovated

C)consciously K)regularly

D)constant L)relates

E)control M)sources

F)damage N)undermine

G)described O)vehicles

H)equals

2018年12月英语四级选词填空答案：

26. F damage (损害)

27. B associated (与……有联系)

28. M sources (来源)

29. D constant (不断的，常存在的)

30. G described (描述)

31. E control (控制)

32. H equals (等同于)

33. K regularly (经常地)

34. I exclusively (仅仅，唯一地)

35. O vehicles (车辆)

2018年12月英语四级选词填空答案解析：

26. F damage

空格所在句子的含义为：空气污染每年在福利费用方面给全球经济造成5万多亿损失，最大

的... ...发生在发展中国家。根据上下文可知这里应该填入一个跟损失有关联的词汇，另外在

语法上这里应该填入一个名词被devastating，“具有破坏力的”修饰，所以我们应该可以确定

答案为damage， “损害”n.

27. B associated

空格所在句子的含义为：这个福利数字包含许多与空气污染... ...的福利费用，比如健康与消

费。根据语法上判断，这里应该填入一个过去分词做costs 的后置定语，另外从语义上判断，

associated with air pollution做cost的后置定语，表示与空气污染相关的费用，语义上也符合

上下文语境。

28. M sources

空格所在的句子的含义为：室内污染，包括像暖气和做饭一样的... ...。从语法上判断这里应

该填入名词，并且这个名词是一个大范围的词可以包括暖气和做饭，另外从语义上判断

sources like home heating and cooking 表示像暖气和做饭一样的来源也符合上下文语境。

29. D constant

空格所在句子的句子，是28空所在句子的下半句，含义为：室内污染，包括像暖气和做饭

一样的来源，在过去的几十年间... ...，尽管室内污染这个区域取得了一些进步。从语法上判

断，这里应该填入一个形容词，另外从语义上判断，constant“不断的，常存在的”，符合上

下文语境。

30. G described

空格所在句子的含义为：Chris Murray 参与了这次报告，她把这次报告...为对行动的紧急呼

吁。从语法上，这里应该填入一个谓语动词，另外从语义上看，describe表示描述，符合上

下文语境。

31. E control

空格所在句子的含义为：在所有造成过早死的不同危险因素当中，我们所呼吸的空气是一个

领域，对于这一点个人无法... ...。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个名词，从语义上看，control

表示控制，符合上下文语境。

32. H equals

空格所词组的含义为：收入几乎... ... GDP的1%。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个动词，

从语义上看equal表示等同于，符合上下文语境。

33. K regularly

空格所在句子的含义为：低中收入国家当约十分之九的人住在有空气污染的地区，在这些地

区他们 ... ... 经受达到危险水平的室外空气污染。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个副词，

来修饰动词experience，“经受”，从语义上看regularly experience，表示经常经受，符合上下

文语境。

34. I exclusively

空格所在句子的含义为：但是这个问题不... ...局限于发展中国家。从语法上判断，本空应该

填入一个副词，修饰动词limited，“局限”，从语义上看exclusively“唯一的，仅仅”，符合上

下文语境。

35. O vehicles

空格所在句子的含义为：在许多欧洲国家，柴油车辆在近几年变得更加普遍。从语法上判断，

本空应该填入一个名词，来被diel修饰，，从语义上看diel vehicles表示柴油车辆，复

合上下文语境。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this ction. Each passage is followed by some questions or

unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You

should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a

single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are bad on the following passage.

California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump

freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the

population of the state continues to expand. New rearch has found deep water rerves under the

state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths

of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted （抽

取）. The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that

rerves may be triple what was previously thought.

It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently

in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from

1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are

other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual ttling

down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the

weight of the earth above.

Even though pumping from the depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating（脱盐）

the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they

are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater,

and California is hoping that the deep wells may be the answer to their vere water shortage.

One problem with the sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower

aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus

increasing the cost. Rearch from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling

logs has just been published. New estimates of the water rerves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic

meters of freshwater.

could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some rearchers?

A) By building more rerves of groundwater.

B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.

C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.

D) By upgrading its water distribution system.

can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?

A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.

B) It was not considered worth the expen.

C) It may not provide quality freshwater.

D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.

48. What is mentioned as a conquence of extracting water from deep underground？

A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.

B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.

49. What does the author say about deep wells?

A) They run without any need for repairs.

B) They are entirely free from pollutants.

C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.

D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.

50. What may happen when deep aquifers are ud as water sources?

A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.

B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.

C) The cost may go up due to desalination.

D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are bad on the following passage.

The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.

But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?

One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to

ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save

lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face

a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the

road, even if that will put their pasngers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a

dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itlf, not to the pasngers?

Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings.

Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.

About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software,

named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was suppod to

be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to

handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying

B)Computers have unmatched potential.

C)Computers are man’s potential rivals.

D)Computers can become highly intelligent.

does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?

A)They are capable of predicting possible risks.

B)They weigh the gains and loss before reaching a decision.

C)They make nsible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.

D)They sacrifice everything to save human lives.

is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?

A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.

B)How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.

C)How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.

D)How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.

do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?

A)She could not distinguish good from bad.

B)She could turn herlf off when necessary.

C)She was not made to handle novel situations.

D)She was good at performing routine tasks.

55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?

A) It will be far superior to human beings.

B) It will keep improving as time goes by.

C) It will prove to be an ast to human beings.

D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.