高考英语一模选词填空

上海高考英语备考训练

上海高考英语题型训练：选词填空

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chon from the box. Each word can

be ud only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Unit 1,

A. deliberate B. distinction C. polish D. credit E. dependent

F. occasionally G. feasibility H. shift I. fulfilling J. signals K. continuously

Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success

There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how esntial it is to

success. In a world where ____31____ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing

feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to

success. Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is

____32____ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.

About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it

creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone

might have a preference or something – say painting or speaking foreign languages –

but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.

It’s almost impossible to think rationally(理性地) while shouting at yourlf, “I’m

a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably e what you can

control – your behavior, your planning, your reactions – and change them.

The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is

that the successful people fail more. If you e failure as a monster approaching you,

take another look.

Success is as scary as failure. Rearchers report that satisfaction grows on

challenges. Think about it – a computer game you can always win is boring; one you

can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure

expos areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure rves as a brick wall to test

how you apply yourlf to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.

There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or

walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your

goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and

energy or it’s not bringing you joy, you should give a cond thought to the ___40___

of your goal and even t a new one. 31-40 DEAHB FCIJG

Unit 2,

A. measurement B. similar C. remarkably D. monetary E. astronomy

F. altered G. civilization H. defined I. independence J. invariably K. dominated

The Nile The ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some

envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water

and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and u the Nile, creating the

earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.

Snaking through the derts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in

June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an

excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks.

Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry asons, they dug

basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devid simple channels

to transfer water at the peak of the flood.

An early system of ___33___ a Kilometer, was ud to de determine the size of the

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上海高考英语备考训练

floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a Shauf was ud to

rai water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is ud today.

The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n)

___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones,

pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced:

surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them

great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various

medicines to prevent dia, and discoveries were often confud with superstition

（迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians

thought the stars were gods.

By the 16 century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain ized control

th

in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after

World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center

for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971

___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly

growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.

31-40 G J A B D C E I H F

Unit 3.

A. potentially B. filmed C. dropped D. commonly E. treats F. sympathy

H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. lection K. confident G. nsitive

Puppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of Humans

Dogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely u the

pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.

It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and

dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.

But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth

University have found that dogs mostly u facial expressions when humans are

prent, as a direct respon to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31

is raid to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most

32 ud expression in the study. Rearchers do not know whether the dogs

are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33

and affection in humans.

Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the

production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention

state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”

“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was

watching, but eing food 35 did not have the same effect.”

“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’

attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not

simple emotional displays.” The rearchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds,

aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a meter away

from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a range of

exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted

and with her body turned away from the dog.

They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they 39 facial

expressions. Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as

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上海高考英语备考训练

they were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived

alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time lection pressures em

to have acted on dogs’ ability to communicate with us, ”she said.

31-40 HDFKE GABCI

Unit 4，

A. astonishing B. bordered C. blackouts D. conquences E. constant

F. estimated G. exploded H. fascinated I. process J. stretched K. uptting

Aurora (极光): wonders or disturbances

Canada, February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky

twisted in front of me. Green bands of light______31_____ out in the darkness.

Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elwhere until, suddenly, a

whole band flowed and puld across the sky,____32_____ with delicate yellow,

pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm. Gentle, yet

_____33_____. Most of all, it was a gift.

This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had en fast movement and

bright colours. The calm, green aurora displays that many people e are driven by

a(n)_____34____stream of particles(微粒) from the sun, called the solar wind. But

when the sun throws us extra hot, fat particles, this process goes into overdrive—we

get much more movement and colour. It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.

But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have rious _____35___.

Satellites’ electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles,

____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change cour to avoid

radio___37____ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation

exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over

a single flight.

Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A large solar storm in 1989

caud a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada’s Quebec Province, costing the

economy a(n)___38____C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere caus

problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017, a huge solar flame

____39____ just as Hurricane Iran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout

help up the emergency respon. Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were en in

England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral _____40______ is nothing

other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some

people. Yet ldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of

the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies. 31-40 JBAED KCFGI

Unit 5，

uate edly C. process D. achieve E. irected F. reactions

G. raising H. eliminate I. haracterized ate K. mechanism

The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially

when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur

when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through over sweating following

exhausting exerci. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32)

_______ this over heatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.

Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness,

dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34)

_______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition

includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying

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上海高考英语备考训练

cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per

glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.

Heat stroke is much more rious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation.

The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach

106° F or more); a rapid pul; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______.

Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38)

_______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold

water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is

sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40)

_______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the

temperature is below 102° F. 31-40 FHIAG JKEBC

Unit 6,

ed B. survive dualized D. advocated E. signal

F. significantly ted H. contrast I. suppodly J. apart

K. inparable

They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know

about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids u and expect from

their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all becau of technology.

To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their

digital devices t this new group 31 , even from their Millennial (千禧年的)

elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly

connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite

get. The differences may em slight, but they 32 the appearance of a new

generation.

The 33 between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to

psychologist Larry Ron that he has 34 the birth of a new generation in a new

book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next

month. Ron says the technically 35 life experience of tho born since the early

1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me,

Myspace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themlves as a

new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.

Ron says portability is the key. They are 36 from their wireless devices,

which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even

in class, where cell phones are 37 banned.

Many rearchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow caus

the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and

should perform more poorly than they do,” Ron says. “But findings show teens

38 distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain

development.”

Becau the kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Ron says,

the educational system has to change 39 .

“The growth on the u of technology with children is very rapid, and we run the

risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they

think. We have to give them options becau they want their world40 ,” Ron

31-40 JEHAG KIBFC

Unit 7,

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上海高考英语备考训练

A. combination B. sheets C. flexible D. rejected E. heal

F. imitate G. chemical H. damage I. tting J. necessarily K. vere

Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically

ud to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all

are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin’s basic functions, which include

protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.

Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which

rves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the

epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin

___32___ and maintain its biological functions.

Artificial skins clo wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss

and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly ud

artificial skin, Integra, functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell

behavior and caus a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen（胶

原质）___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable（可生物降解的）. It is

gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.

Aside from its us in the clinical ___35___, artificial skin may also be ud to

model human skin for rearch. For example, artificial skin is ud as an alternative in

animal testing. Such testing may cau ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals

and it does not ___37___ predict the respon of human skin. Some companies like

L’ Ordeal have already ud artificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and

products. Other rearch applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure

and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through

skin.

Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39___ of skin taken

from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns.

Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that

allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely

to be ___40___ by the patient’s body. 31-40 FCEAI KJGBD

Unit 8,

A. overate B. precious C. rate D. rearchers E. impression F. previous

G. prented H. interpret I. goers J. revealed K. consumer

People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are Expensive

It is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag

a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to

scientists. A new study has found that restaurant __31__ who pay more for their

meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts

think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their __32__ of

how food tastes.

Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139

people enjoying an Italian buffet(自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was

t by the __33__ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were

asked to __34__ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave

their names. The experiment __35__ that the people who paid $8 for the food

enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than tho who ate the “cheaper” buffet.

Interestingly tho that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up

their plates and felt that they __36__. However, the scientists said that both groups

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上海高考英语备考训练

ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study __37__ at the

Experimental Biology meeting this week. Brian Wans ink, a professor of __38__

behavior at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little

impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you __39__ the

experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost

with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find

their meals.

In a(n)__40__ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat

in dim lighting consume 175 less calories(卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit

areas. 31-40 IEDCJ AGKHF

Unit 9,

A. combining B. analyzed C. concern D. tremendously E. effective F. applied

G. actually H. common I. limited J. asssing K. test

Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age

New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions（育儿干预）for

helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in

younger children. There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They

believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be __31__ early in life, when

children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However,

according to the new rearch, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with

parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.

Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to __32__ this

age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for

reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different

results until now.

A team led by Professor Frances Fader __33__ data from over 15,000 families from all

over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children

benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing

behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more

powerful. This was bad on __34__ data from more than 150 different experiments.

What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older

children were __35__ more likely to be cost-effective.

Professor Gardner commented: “When there is __36__ about behavioral