西方文化练习2解析

A Guide to Western Culture

Directions: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each

unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and

[ D] are given. Choo the one which best completes the statement or answers the

question.

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1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain

and emotional upheaval.

A. Sophists B. Cynics

C. Skeptics D. Epicureans

2. _________ is said to have told the king of Syracu: "Give me a place to stand, and

I will move the world."

A. Archimedes B. Aristotle

C. Plato D. Euclid

3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West

Roman Empire finally collapd in _________

A. 395 B. 27

C. 1453 D. 476

4. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders of

Christian thought.

A. Jesus B. Augustine

C. Thomas Aquinas D. Martin Luther

5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a

scientist----- a Renaissance man in the true n of the word.

A. Michelangelo B. Raphael

C. Shakespeare D. Leonardo Da Vinci

6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the

romance of chivalry.

A. Don Quixote B. Hamlet

C. Leviathan D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an

ideal non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in

common, posss a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom

in religious belief.

A. The Prai of the Folly B. As You Like It

C. Divine Comedy D. Utopia

8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the

West.

A. Machiavelli B. Dante

C. Bacon D. Locke

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9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,

not the earth, is the center of the univer.

A. Kepler B. Galileo

C. Newton D. Copernicus

10. During the _________ century, the modern scientific method began to take shape,

which emphasized obrvation and experimentation before formulating a final

explanation or generalization.

A. 18 B. 15

th th

C. 16 D. 17

th th

11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power."

A.. Isaac Newton B. Francis Bacon

C. John Locke D. Marx

12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immen variety of cultural material----theological,

mythological, philosophical, political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and

literary.

A. Goethe B. Defoe

C. Rousau D. Byron

13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer?

A. Wordsworth B. Shelley

C. Pushkin D. Balzac

14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except

_________.

A. the power of reason B. individual freedom

C. spontaneity D. love of nature

15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the West

Wind" by ________.

A. Wordsworth B. Keats

C. Pushkin D. Shelley

16. The compor of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music.

A. Tchaikovsky B. Chopin

C. Beethoven D. Mozart

17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 century intended ________.

th

A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evils

B. to give full play to the imagination of individuals

C. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and

retraint

D. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of

life"

18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy?

A. Resurrection B. War and Peace

C. Crime and Punishment D. Anna Karenina

19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang prais of all of the following value except

________.

A. democracy B. the dignity of the individual

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C. the idyllic way of life D. the brotherhood of man

20. Modernism was characterized by ________.

A. a conscious rejection of established rules, traditions and conventions

B. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of

human relations

C. its inten interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the

formless

D. all of the above.

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1. Greek culture reached a high point of development in _________.

A. 1,200 B.C. B. 5th century B. C.

C. 4th century B.C. D. 146 B. C.

2. The masterpiece of engineering in Roman architecture is _________.

A. the Pathenon B. the Colossum

C. She-wolf D. the Ionic style of temple

3. The Old Testament of the Bible is about _________.

A. God B. the doctrine of Jesus Christ

C. the Laws of God D. A and C

4. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Jesus was born in Galilee.

B. Jesus was born in a synagogue.

C. Jesus was born into a poor carpenter’s family.

D. Jesus was born into a merchant’s family.

5. Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of _________.

A. military rvice B. land holding

C. government D. B and C

6. Which of the following statements is true about the Gothic style in architecture?

A. The Gothic style flourished in the 18th century.

B. The Gothic style started in France.

C. Sculpture of Gothic style churches were bad on the natural forces.

D. Gothic style churches were solid but small.

7. Renaissance means the revival of interest in _________.

A. ancient Greek culture B. ancient Roman culture

C. the Bible D. A and B

8. The reasons for the decline of renaissance in Italy are _________.

A. wars and class conflicts

B. loss of supremacy in world trade as a result of the discovery of the new

world and routes to India

C. the tightening of control of the Roman Catholic Church over thought, speech

and publication

D. all of the above

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9. Which of the following died a prisoner?

A. Copernicus B. Newton

C. Kepler D. Galileo

10. The theory of the social contract was expounded by _________.

A. Thomas Hobbes B. Francis Bacon

C. John Locke D. A and C

11. In economic thought, the enlightenment thinkers favored _________.

A. government intervention B. balanced development

C. the policy of laiszfaire D. strict regulation

12. The author of "The Sorrows of Young Werther" is _________.

A. Goethe B. Defoe

C. Schiller D. Kant

13. The Lakers refer to _________.

A. Wordsworth and Coleridge B. Byron and Shelly

C. William Blake and Keats D. None of the above

14. The later Romantics in music refer to _________.

A. Schuman and Chopin B. Verdi and Wagner

C. Beethoven and Mozart D. Haydn and Bach

15. In Capital, Marx, after long and careful study, discovered that _________.

A. it is men’s social being that determines their consciousness

B. activity is basic

C. socialism would be realized through class struggle

D. surplus value is the source of the wealth of the capitalist class

16. The esnce of Darwin’s theory of evolution is _________.

A. immutable fixity of species B. natural lection

C. artificial lection D. none of the above

17. "The Cherry Orchard" was written by _________.

A. Dostoyevsky B. Gogol

C. Corky D. Chekhov

18. Which of the following was not written by Charles Dickens?

A. David Copperfield B. Hard Times

C. Vanity Fair D. Oliver Twist

19. The author of "Sons and Lovers" is _________.

A. Henry James B. Virginia Woolf

C. T.S. Eliot D. D.H. Lawrence

20. One of the chief reprentatives of the Theatre of the Absurd is _________.

A. Kinsley Amis B. John Osborne

C. Allen Ginsberg D. Samuel Beckett

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1. Socrates was _________.

A. the teacher of Aristotle B. the student of Plato

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C. the teacher of Plato D. the student of Aristotle

2. One of the contributions the Romans made to European culture was _________.

A. the Roman empire B. the slave system

C. the production of the great epic writer D. the Roman law

3. The Book of Daniel describes _________.

A. the struggle of the Jews against the Syrian rule B. the prisoners in Babylon

C. the story of Noah’s Ark D. the rule of King Solomon

4. The Old Testament was originally written in _________.

A. Hebrew B. Aramaic dialect

C. Greek D. Latin

5. Which of the following is not included in the Code of Chivalry?

A. Loyalty to his lord.

B. Fighting for the church.

C. Protection of the people.

D. Respect for women of noble birth.

6. The goal of the Crusades was_________.

A. to re-control Jerusalem B. to open path to Byzantine

C. to regain the Holy land --- Palestine D. to open trade route to the east

7. The esnce of Renaissance philosophy was _________.

A. the emphasis on the greatness of man

B. the glorification of God

C. the emphasis on the giving up of worldly pleasure

D. the importance of wealth

8. Leonardo da Vinci, in his lifetime, put down his obrvation in notebooks running

up to _________ volumes.

A. 1, 000 B. 5, 000

C. 3, 000 D. 4, 000

9. "Knowledge is power" is one of the quotations from _________.

A. John Locke B. Francis Bacon

C. Isaac Newton D. Gotffried Wilhelm yon Leibniz

10. The most important point in Descartes’ philosophy is _________.

A. I think therefore I am B. I u my ns therefore I am

C. I doubt therefore I am D. None of the above

11. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were _________.

A. Voltaire and Rousau B. Diderot and Montesquieu

C. John Locke and Isaac Newton D. None of the above

12. Which of the following remarks was made by Rousau?

A. We hold the truths to be lf-evident, that all men are created equal.

（The Declaration of Independence 美国的《独立宣言》）

B. The thirst after happiness is never extinguished in the heart of man.

（Rousau 卢梭）

C. Love truth, but pardon error.

(Voltaire 伏尔泰)

D. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one el.

(Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen（1789） 法国的《人权宣言》)

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13. Romanticism was a movement in Europe _________.

A. in the late 19th century and early 20th century

B. in the 19th century

C. in the late 17th century and early 18th century

D. in the late 18th century and early 19th century

14. The two most important works of Victor Hugo’s are _________.

A. Atala and Rene

（Chateaubriand夏多布里昂）

B. Ivanhoe and The Heart of Mid – lothian

Walter Scott的《艾凡赫》又译《撒克逊劫后英雄传》以及《中洛辛郡的心脏》

C. Notre Dame de Paris and Les Mirables

D. Eugene Onegin and Boris Godunov

普希金pushkin的《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》和《鲍里斯·戈都诺夫》

15. The man who applied Darwin’s evolution to society was_________.

A. Yah Fu B. Thomas Huxley

C. Alfred Rusl Wallace D. Herbert Spencer

16. According to Marx，the most important thing about Feuerbach was _________.

A. he proclaimed materialism

B. he supported Hegel

C. he supported the utopian socialists

D. he put forward the idea of class struggle

17. "Sunflower" was the work of _________.

A. van Gogh B. Paul Gauguin

C. Claude Monet D. Gustave Courbet

18. Which of the following works is not written by Thomas Hardy?

A. Far from the Madding Crowd. B. The Return of the Native.

C. Tess of the d'Urberyvilles. D. A Tale of Two Cities.

19. William Butler Yeats was a(n) _________ poet.

A. English B. Scottish

C. American D. Irish

20. "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" was an autobiographical novel by

_________.

A. Ezra Pound B. William Faulkner

C. James Joyce D. Ernest Hemingway

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1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?

A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.

B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.

C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.

D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other

subjects.

2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire?

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A. The Roman Empire had never been divided.

B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.

C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.

D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century.

3. The Bible has been regarded as __________.

A. a religious book B. literature

C. record of great minds D. all of the above

4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________.

A. a looly organized religious institution

B. a highly centralized European organization

C. a highly centralized and disciplined international organization

D. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization.

5. The Crusades were wars between __________.

A. the Arabs and the Christian Pilgrims

B. the Turks and the Christians in Western Europe

C. the Christians in Western Europe and the Moslems

D. the Arabs and the Turks

6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________.

A. feudal hierarchy of society B. divine power of feudal rulers

C. the Pope' s supremacy over cular rulers D. all of the above

7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________.

A. What do I know?

B. I doubt therefore I think.

C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.

D. Only to stand out of my light.

8. Vasco da Gama was a Portugue navigator who __________.

A. discovered the Cape of Good Hope

B. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope

C. explored the mouth of the Amazon

D. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti

9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton?

A. Law of buoyancy. B. Law of falling bodies.

C. Law of relativity. D. Law of universal gravitation.

10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil

government was __________.

A. the protection of private property

B. the upholding of free thinking

C. the abolishment of the rule of the church

D. regulation of economy

11. Which of the following is not true about the developments of the Industrial

Revolution?

A. The substitution of water power for human power.

B. The introduction of machine.

C. The beginning of the factory system.

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D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.

12. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by

__________.

A. Voltaire B. Rousau

C. Diderot D. Moliere

13. In the works of __________, one can e the spirit of the Age of Reason.

A. Handel B. Haydn

C. Bach D. Mozart

14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chine at the turn of the 20th

century is __________.

A. Don Juan B. Defence of Poetry

C. Ode to a Nightingale D. Isles of Greece

15. Throughout his life, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music

__________.

A. the spirit of the French Revolution B. the spirit of Byronic heroes

C. ideas of a moral nature D. the prai of natural beauty

16. __________ is considered to be the poet of the piano.

A. Mozart B. Chopin

rt D. Schumann

17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens?

A. A Tale of Two Cities. B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.

C. David Copperfield. D. Pickwick Papers.

18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________.

A. O' Henry B. Jack London

C. Mark Twain D. Maupassant

19. "The apparition of the faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The

author of the lines was __________.

A. William Faulkner B. Ezra Pound

C. T. S. Eliot D. William Butler Yeats

20. __________was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th

century.

A. Sholokhov B. Tolstoy

C. Chekhov D. Gorky

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I. The contribution of ancient Greeks to world civilization is _________

A. Athenian democracy B. The Olympic Games

C. The epics of Homer D. All of the above

2. Which of the following is true about Herodotus?

A. He is called " Father of History".

B. He wrote about the wars between Athens and Sparta.

C. He contributed greatly to tragic art.

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D. He ud clever parody in his writing.

3. Genesis of the Old Testament tells about __________

A. the fall of man B. the creation of the world

C. Noah’s Ark D. all of the above.

4. The leader of the slave uprising in 73 B. C. was _________

A. Nero B. Mos

C. Spartacus D. Abraham

5. The great contribution of St. Jerome was __________

A. the building of monasteries

B. the translation of Old and New Testaments into Latin

C. the tting up of the church system

D. none of the above

6. The main class under feudalism in Western Europe were __

A. monks, lords and townspeople B. clergy, knights and peasants

C. knights, peasants and townspeople D. clergy, lords and peasants

7. Which of the following is not true about Dante?

A. Dante was a great Italian poet.

B. Dante wrote Beowulf.

C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian.

D. Dante was a great political thinker.

8. John Wycliffe was twice condemned as a heretic becau of __________

A. his teaching philosophy at Oxford

B. his vigorous attack on orthodox church doctrines

C. his clerical associations and activities

D. A&C

9. Scientists in the 17th century, such as Galileo and Newton, attached great

importance to ________

A. deductive reasoning B. classical authority

C. direct obrvation and experiment D. humanist learning

10. The method that Francis Bacon introduced in inquiry was _________.

A. practical B. deductive reasoning

C. induction D. experiment

11. The characteristic of Dutch art in the early 17th century was ________.

A. that it was still mainly religious paintings

B. that it recorded the familiar scenes and everyday life of the time

C. that it was mainly portraits of noble families

D. that the theme was mainly court life

12. Who was the first one to put forward the doctrine of paration of powers?

A. Locke B. Hobbes

C. Voltaire D. Montesquieu

13. Diderot is best known as ________.

A. the author of Persian Letters

（Montesquieu）

B. the author of the Origin of Human Inequality

（Rousau）

C. the editor of the Encyclopedie

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D. the author of Philosophical Thoughts

(Diderot)

14. The lines "And mask in every face I meet / Masks of weakness, masks of woe" are

written by _______.

A. William Blake B. Schiller

C. Byron D. Keats

15. stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia.

A. Pushkin B. Lermontov

C. Chekhov D. Turgenev

16. A work jointly written by Marx and Engels is ________.

A. Capital B. The Manifesto of the Communist Party

C. Thesis on Feuerbach D. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific

17. Which author won the Nobel Prize in 1925?

A. Thomas Hardy B. George Eliot

C. George Bernard Shaw D. Henry James

18. Which novel was acclaimed as the greatest of all anti-slavery manifestoes'?.

A. Leaves of Grass B. Uncle Tom's Cabin

C. The Portrait of a Lady D. Dead Souls

19. _______ was the discoverer of X - rays.

A. Rontgen B. Madame Curie

C. Rutherford D. Einstein

20. The author of The Interpretation of Dreams was

A. T. S. Eliot B. James Joyce

C. D. H. Lawrence D. Sigmund Freud

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1. Who were considered as people by the ancient Athens?

A. Women citizens B. Adults

C. Adult male citizens D. Foreigners and children

2. Which of the following is true about Dialogues?

A. Dialogues was a book written by Socrates.

B. Dialogues was a record of life of Plato.

C. Dialogues was a record of Socrates written by Plato.

D. Dialogues was a record of Socrates's sayings by his followers.

3. The great deed that David performed was ____.

A. he took the Hebrews back to Canaan

B. he killed Goliath, the philistine giant

C. he went to the top of the mountain in Sinai to receive message from (~d

D. none of the above

4. In the early days of Christianity, it was a religion of _____.

A. the rich B. the poor

C. the ruling class D. all people

5. Which of the following statements about knighthood is not true?

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A. A nobleman was born a knight.

B. Knighthood had to be earned.

C. One had to be trained in order to become a knight.

D. After being dubbed a knight, he had to obrve the Code of Chivalry.

6. The Inquisition was ______

A. a church court t up to try heretics

B. an organization for church investigation

C. a court in many kingdoms

D. the decision - making body of the church

7. Art to Michelangelo was a means by which_____.

A. he expresd his opposition to the despotic rule

B. he made inquiry into the reality

C. he expresd his vision of man

D. B and C

8. Counter- Reformation means that the Roman Catholic Church _____.

A. suppresd the Reformation movement by force

B. refud to accept any reform

C. re-established itlf as a dynamic force in European affairs by introducing

reforms and improvements

D. ganged up with the Spanish monarchy to t up the Inquisition

9. Kepler's contribution to astronomy is

A. his discovery of the law of inertia

B. his discovery of the Ptolemaic system

C. his discovery of the three laws of planetary motion

D. none of the above

10. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke stated that .__

A. all our knowledge sprang from experience

B. knowledge was power

C. every man was enemy to every man

D. the world was made up of simple, active substances

11. The symbolic event of the French Revolution in 1789 was _____.

A. the issuance of the Declaration of Independence

B. the founding of the First Republic

C. the izure of the Bastille

D. the publication of The Spirit of the Laws

12. Voltaire was noted for his_____.

A. wit B. satire

C. passion D. A and B

13. In Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued that________.

A. knowledge is the joint product of both n and reason

B. creation is never complete; it is ever going on

C. virtue can be sustained without religious belief

D. man's greatest ills are not natural but are made by man himlf

14. The Lyrical Ballads was written by _________.

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A. Shelley B. Wordsworth and Coleridge

C. Blake and Keats D. Byran and Shelley

15. The line "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" comes from_________.

A. Wordsworth B. Byron

C. Keats D. Blake

16. In developing Marxist philosophy, Marx and Engels accepted _______ in German

classical philosophy.

A. Hegel's dialectics B. Feuerbach's metaphysics

C. Feuerbach's materialism D. A and C

17. Balzac's monumental work was ________.

A. Divine Comedy B. The Human Comedy

C. The Brothers Karamazov D. Les Mirables

18. The author of A Doll's Hou was ________.

A. George Bernard Shaw B. Chekhov

C. Henric Ibn D. Leo Tolstoy

19. Which of the following works was written by William Faulkner?

A. The Waste Land B. Dubliners

C. Cantos D. The Sound and the Fury

20. The poem Howl was written by ________.

A. Kingsley Amis B. John Osborne

C. Allen Ginsberg D. Ezra Pound

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