跨文化交际问题

跨⽂化交际问题

are the four trends that lead to the development of the global village? ①

Convenient transportation systems; ②innovative communication systems; ③open market; ④widespread migrations.

are the three aspects where the cultural differences exist? Verbal; nonverbal;

value

are the three ingredients of culture? ①Produce;②behaving;③concepts

(belief, values, world views…)

to understand cultural iceberg? 冰⾯上：①visible;②tangible;③tip of

iceberg;④easy to change. 冰⾯下: ①invisible;②intangible;③majority;④resistible(to change).

5.* What are the characteristic of culture? Culture is learned; dynamic; ethnocentric;

shared.

6.* What are the characteristic of communication? Communication is dynamic;

irreversible; symbol; transactional; systematic; contextual.

are three basic aspects of communication? And on what is important? ①

Our individual personality,②the culture we operate in,③and the physical environment that surrounds us.

is Chine addressing different from American addressing? ①In Chine

the surname comes first and is followed by given name, but in English this is

order is reverd.②In recent years, many English-speaking people tend to address others by their given names, while

Chine ud full name to address each other.

③The Chine custom of addressing each other with kinship terms, should not be

carried over into English.④In English, only a few occupations or titles are ud such as Doctor，Judge, Governor, Mayor,

Professor, Nur and rank in the armed forces like Captain.

should be introduced first in the West? Female; guest; nior

is Chine hospitality different from American hospitality? In Chine, the

principle of avoiding bringing trouble; in American, in contrast, it’s the host who tries to avoid interfering in guests’ freedom of

action by learning room for the guest to make choices.

would Americans misunderstand the Chine respons to the compliments?

①In the first ca, the implication wad that American woman had poor judgement.

②In the cond one, the hostess was not sincere. ③The Chine would be

suspected of “fishing for compliments”.

are the Chine reluctant to pay the compliments? ①It would most likely

be taken as a kind of flirtation.②People are cautious about drawing a line between compliment and flattery—an act which is

considered very low and mean among the Chine people.③Between a compliment and a positive subtle form of request.

is the Chine different from American in expressing gratitude? ①Chine

people don’t usually say “thank you” to tho who are very clo and who are in a lower position. Saying “thank you”is very

common in America, so they thank people all day long. ②Traditional Chine customs don’t require people to express

thanks for the small favors that others have done them. In contract, the

Americans would thank you all the way for very small and most ordinary things. 14.*What are the social functions of

compliments? ①creating or reinforcing

solidarity, ②greeting people, ③expressing thanks, ④congratulation, ⑤encouraging people, ⑥softening criticism, ⑦starting a

conversation, ⑧even overcoming embarrassment.

15.*What are the 4 major verbal differences between Chine and English? ①a

term in one language doesn’t necessarily have a counterpart in the other language;

②Words or terms in both languages appear to refer to the same object or concept

only on the surface, but actually refer to quite different things; ③things or concepts are reprented by one or perhaps two

terms in one language, but by many terms in the other language, i.e. finer distinctions exist in the other language;

④terms have more or less the same primary meaning, but have condary or

additional meanings that may differ considerable from each other.

is the Chine writing style different from the American style?In Chine,

some oriental writing is marked by what may be called an approach by indirection.

English native speakers express their thoughts with facts concerning the main topic. When they express certain ideas or

concepts, they usually illustrate the concrete argument one step after another at distinct levels, and the argument are

gradually unfolded with logic.

are the different features of M-time and P-time? M-time is noted for its

emphasis on schedules, gmentation and promptness. It features one event at a time. M-time cultures place great emphasis

on schedules. P-time practiced by most other peoples is less rigid and clock-bound. People from P-time cultures schedule

veral activities at the same time, and time for them is more flexible and more human-centered.

are contrasting world views can be drawn from Buddhism and Christianity?

Christiann es each one wad born with sins and therefore we should salvage ourlves. The salvation of the individual is

achieved through hard work and piety.

Christianity recognizes the importance of work and free ownership of property.

Buddhists believe that there is a supreme and wonderful truth that the univer runs bad on a dynamic balance. Buddhists

don’t attach themlves to the impermanent objects and the pursuit of material well-being. Thus, little support is accorded to

free enterpri.

are the American and Chine cultural values like in terms of Value

Orientation put forward by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck? American culture: ①human nature is evil but perfectible; ②man can

master nature; ③future orientation; ④doing leads to external achievements; ⑤Individual: lf is more important than group.

Chine culture: ①good but corruptible; ②harmony with nature; ③past orientation; ④being and becoming is a kind of spiritual

good of inner harmony and peace; ⑤Group: in cultures with group values, people make decisions by connsus.

fy the features of each of four Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to the ca

analysis. ①Individualism VS collectivism ; ②hierarchy(层级) VS equality;

③stability(稳定性) VS risk-taking(勇于冒险); ④masculinity(男性:

asrtiveness魄⼒,⾃信; competition; material实质性的success) VS femininity(⼥性: quality of life; interpersonal relationships

⼈际关系; concern for the weak对弱者同情)

fy the contrast between high-context and low-context culture and then it to

interpret the differences between American and Japane or Chine negotiating style? 东⽅---high context:While

interpersonal communication in the Eastern culture resides primarily in the subtle, implicit, nonverbal, contextual realm and is

understood intuitively. 西⽅--- low context: The Western communication mode is primarily direct, explicit, and verbal, relying

heavily on logical and rational perception, thinking, and articulation.

is gender different from x?

has influenced the gender socialization?