Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则

Foreword

By Rajat Gupta, ICC Chairman

The global economy has given business broader access than ever

before to markets all over the world. Goods are sold in more

countries，in large quantities, and in greater variety. But as the 全球贸易数额的增加和贸易复杂性的加强，因贸易合同

volume and complexity of global sales increa, so do

possibilities for misunderstandings and costly disputes when sale

contracts are not adequately drafted.

The Incoterms? rules, the ICC rules on the u of domestic and

international trade terms, facilitate the conduct of global trade.

Reference to an Incoterms 2010 rule in a sale contract clearly

defines the parties' respective obligations and reduces the risk

of legal complications.

Since the creation of the Incoterms rules by ICC in 1936, this

globally accepted contractual standard has been regularly

updated to keep pace with the development of international

trade. The Incoterms 2010 rules take account of the continued

spread of customs-free zones, the incread u of electronic

communications in business transactions, heightened concern

about curity in the movement of goods and consolidates in

transport practices. Incoterms2010 updates and consolidates

the 'delivered' rules, reducing the total number of rules from 13

to 11, and offers a simpler and clearer prentation of all the

rules. Incoterms 2010 is also the first version of the Incoterms

rules to make all references to buyers and llers

gender-neutral.

The broad experti of ICC's Commission on Commercial Law

and Practice, who membership is drawn from all parts of the

world and all trade ctors, ensures that the Incoterms 2010

rules respond to business needs everywhere defines the parties'

respective obligations and reduces the risk of legal

complications.

ICC would like to express its gratitude to the members of the

Commission, chaired by Fabio Bortolotti (Italy), to the Drafting

Group, which comprid Charles Debattista (Co-Chair, France),

Jens Bredow (Germany), Johnny Herre (Sweden), David Lwee

(UK), Lauri Railas (Finland), Frank Reynolds (US),and Miroslav

Subert (Szech Republic), and to Asko Raty (Finland) for

assistance with the images depicting the 11 rules.

前言

国际商会主席 Rajat Gupta

全球经济一体化使得商业通向世界各地市场的途径空前

宽广。各种各样的货物被销售到世界各地。然而，随着

起草不恰当而带来的误解和高代价争端也可能随之增

加。

国际贸易术语解释通则，国际商会规则在国内和国际贸

易用语的使用促进了全球贸易的进行。在贸易合同中引

用国际贸易术语解释通则 2010 可明确界定各方义务并

降低法律纠纷产生的风险。

自从1936年国际商会制定出国际贸易术语解释通则之

后，此项在全球范围内被采用的合同标准就经常性地更

新换代，与国际贸易的发展步调一致。国际贸易术语解

释通则2010考虑了免税贸易区的不断增加，电子沟通在

商务中的不断增多，以及被更加重视的货物运输中的安

全和变化等问题。国际贸易术语解释通 则2010更新并

加强了交货规则，将规则总量从13条减少到了11条，

并且使得所有规则的表述更加简洁明确。国际贸易术语

解释通则2010同时也是第一个使得所有在买卖双方中的

适用保持中立的第一个国际贸易术语解释版本。

国际商会的商法和实践委员会成员来自世界各地和多个

贸易部门，该委员会广泛的专业技能确保了国际贸易术

语解释通则2010与各地的商贸需求相适应。

国际商会向Fabio Bortolotti（意大利）的商法和实践委员

会的成员表示谢意，向由Charles Debattista（副组长，英

国），Christoph Martin Radtke（副组长，法国），Jens Bredow

（德国），Johnny Herre（瑞典），David Lwee（英国），

Lauri Railas（芬兰），Frank Reynold（美国），Miroslav

Subert（捷克）组成的起草小组致谢，并且向对11条规

则的表述给予帮助的Asko Raty（芬兰）致谢。

INTRODUCTION

The Incoterms? rules explain a t of three-letter trade terms

reflecting business-to-business practice in contracts for the sale

of goods. The Incoterms? rules describe mainly the tasks, costs

and risks involved in the delivery of goods from llers to buyers.

介绍

Incoterms?规则规定了一系列在货物销售商业合同实践

中使用的三字母系列贸易术语 Incoterms?规则主要描述

了货物从卖方到买方运输过程中涉及的责任，费用和风

险的划分。

How to u the Incoterms? 2010 rules

1. Incorporate the Incoterms? 2010 rules into your contract of

sale

If you want the Incoterms? 2010 rules to apply to your contract,

you should make this clear in the contract, through such words

as, “[the chon Incoterms rule including the named place,

followed by] Incoterms? 2010”.

如何适用 Incoterms?2010 规则

1.把 Incoterms?2010 规则应用到销售合同中

如果要使合同适用 Incoterms 规则 2010，应在合同中明

确表明，例如：所选择的 Incoterms 规则（含指定地点）

适用 Incoterms?规则 2010。

2. 选择适宜的 Incoterms 规则

所选的 Incoterms 规则需要与货物，采取的运输方式相

适宜，最重要的是合同双方是否意欲添加额外的义务，such as the obligation to organize carriage or insurance, on the

例如将办理运输或保险的义务加于买方或卖方。每个贸

易术语的指导性解释中的信息对作出如此的决定非常有

帮助。不论选用何种 Incoterms 规则，双方应该意识到

对合同的解释会受到使用的港口或地址惯例影响。

2. Choo the appropriate Incoterms rule

The chon Incoterms rule needs to be appropriate to the

goods, to the means of their transport, and above all to whether

the parties intend to put additional obligations, for example

ller or on the buyer. The Guidance Note to each Incoterms

rule contains information that is particularly helpful when

making this choice. Whichever Incoterms rule is chon, the

parties should be aware the interpretation of their contract may

well be influenced by customs particular to the port or place

being ud.

3. Specify your place or port as precily as possible

The chon Incoterms rule can work only if the parties name a

place or port, and will work best if the parties specify the place

3.尽可能精准地描述你方地址或港口名称

只有当事人双方选定特定的一个收货地或港口时，所选

or port as precily as possible.

术语才能发挥作用。地点或港口名称越精准，Incoterms

A good example of such precision would be:：

“FCA 38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France Incoterms 2010”.

Under the Incoterms rule

Ex Works(EXW),

Free Carrier(FCA),

Delivered at Terminal(DAT),

Delivered at Place(DAP),

Delivered Duty Paid(DDP),

Free Alongside Ship(FAS),

and Free on Board(FOB),

the named place is the place where delivery takes place and

where risk pass from the ller to the buyer.

Under the Incoterms rule

规则越有效。

以下精准描述就是一个很好的例子：

FCA38 Cours Albert 1er，法国巴黎，2010通则

在 Incoterms 规则下：

EXW 工厂交货（……指定地点）

FCA 货交承运人(……指定地点)”

DAT 终点站交货(……指定目的地)

DAP 地点交货 (……指定目的地)

DDP 完税后交货(……指定目的地)

FAS 船边交货(……指定装运港)

FOB 船上交货(……指定装运港)

此处所指地点为交货地点，同时风险也从卖方转移至买

方。

Carriage Paid to (CPT),

Carriage and Insurance Paid to(CIP),

Cost and Freight(CFR)

Cost, Insurance and Freight(CIF),

The named place differs from the place of delivery. Under the

four Incoterms rules, the named place is the place of destination

to which carriage is paid.

Incoterms 规则下

CPT 运费付至（……指定目的地）

CIP 运费、保险费付至(…指定目的地)

CFR 成本加运费(……指定目的港)

CIF 成本、保险费 加运费(指定目的港)

所指地点随交货地不同而不同。在这四条 Incoterms 规

Indications as to place or destination can helpfully be further

则下，所指地点为运费付至地。

specified by stating a preci point in that place or destination in

为了避免疑问和争议，指定地点或目的地可以进一步阐

order to avoid doubt or argument.

contract of sale

obligation to make carriage or insurance arrangements, when

the ller delivers the goods to the buyer, and which costs each

party is responsible for.

述为一个精确的地点。

4. Remember that Incoterms rules do not give you a complete

4．谨记 Incoterms 规则并没有给当事人提供一份完整的

Incoterms rules do say which party to the sale contract has the

销售合同

Incoterm 规则确有阐述销售合同中当事人的特定义务，

当卖方将货物运至买方时，办理运输和保险义务的承担。

Incoterms rules, however, say nothing about the price to be paid

or the method of its payment. Neither do they deal with the

然而，Incoterms 并没有任何关于付款价格或付款方式的

transfer of ownership of the goods, or the conquences of a

breach of contract. The matters are normally dealt with

规定，或是货物所有权的转移，违约的后果等。这些问

through express terms in the contract of sale or in the law

题通常是通过销售合同的明示条款和适用的法律条文来

governing that contract. The parties should be aware that

解决。当事人需要注意的是，当地强制适用的法律有可

mandatory local law may override any aspect of the sale

能优先于销售合同的内容，包括所选择的 Incoterms 规

contract, including the chon Incoterms rules.

Main features of the Incoterm@2010 rules

则。

1. Two new Incoterms ruls – DAT and DAP – have replaced

Incoterms?2010 的主要特征

the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES DEQ and DDU.

1.两个新的贸易术语，即 DAT 和 DAP 代替了原来

The number of Incoterms rules has been reduced from 13 to

Incoterms2000 的 DAF,DES,DEQ 和 DDU 术语。

11.

贸易术语的数量从原来的 13 个减少到 11 个。

This has been achieved by substituting two rules that may be

ud irrespective of the agreed mode of transport — DAT,

Incoterms2010 用两个可以不顾及已议定的运输模式的

Delivered at Terminal, and DAP, Delivered at Place — for the

新术语——DAT，目的地交货和 DAP，指定地交货——

Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU.

Under both new rules, delivery occurs at a named destination: in

代替了 Incoterms2000 中的 DAF,DES,SEQ 和 DDU术

语。

DAT, at the buyer’s disposal unloaded from the arriving vehicle

DAT 和 DAP 术语都规定需在指定地点交货：在 DAT

(as under the former DEQ rule); in DAP, likewi at the buyer’s

情况下，从运输工具上卸下货物交由买方处置（这和先

disposal, but ready for unloading (as under the former DAF, DES

前的 DEQ 术语一样）；在 DAP 情况下同样交由买方

and DDU rules).

处置，但需做好卸货的准备（这和先前的 DAF, DES和

DDU 术语一样）。

The new rules make the Incoterms 2000 rules DES and DEQ

superfluous. The named terminal in DAT may well be in a port,

新贸易术语的使用，使Incoterms 2000中的DES和DEQ成

and DAT can therefore safely be ud in cas where the

为多余。DAT的目的地可以是港口，因此DAT可以用于

Incoterms 2000 rule DEQ once was. Likewi, the arriving

在Incoterms 2000下DEQ适用的情况。同样的，DAP中运

“vehicle” under DAP may well be a ship and the named place of

达货物的交通工具可以是轮船，而目的地也可以是港口，

destination may well be a port: conquently, DAP can safely be

因此DAP可以用于Incoterms2000下DES适用的情况。这两

ud in cas where the Incoterms 2000 rule DES once was.

个新的术语，和先前的几个术语一样，是由卖方承担所

The new rules, like their predecessors, are “delivered”, with

有费用（除了与进口清算有关的费用）和货物到达目的

the ller bearing all the costs (other than tho related to

地前的风险。

import clearance, where applicable) and risks involved in

bringing the goods to the named place of destination.

2. Classification of the 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules

The 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules are prented in two distinct

2. Incoterms?2010 中 11 种贸易术语的分类

class：

Incoterms?2010 11 种贸易术语目前被分为两类：

RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF

TRANSPOTR

适用于任何运输方式的术语：

EXW EX WORKS

FCA FREE CARRIER

EXW 工厂交货

CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO

FCA 货交承运人

CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO

CPT 运费付至

DAT DELIVERED AT TERMINAL

CIP 运费及保险费付至

DAP DELIVERED AT PLACE

DAT 目的地交货

DDP DELIVERED DUTY PAID

DAP 所在地交货

DDP 完税后交货

RULES FOR SEA AND INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT

FAS FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP

FOB FREE ON BOARD FAS 船边交货

CFR COST AND FREIGHT

CIF COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT

The first class includes the ven Incoterms? 2010 rules that can

适用于海上和内陆水上运输的术语：

FOB 船上交货

CFR 成本加运费

CIF 成本、保险费加运费

be ud irrespective of the mode of transport lected and

第一种分类中的七种贸易术语不用考虑所选用运输方式

irrespective of whether one or more than one mode of transport

的种类。EXW,FCA,CPT,CIP,DAT,DAP 和 DDP 都属于

is employed. EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP and DDP belong to

第一种分类。它们甚至可以运用于没有海上运输的情况

this class. They can be ud even when there is no maritime

下。谨记只要运输中一个部分运用过船只便可以适用此

transport at all. It is important to remember, however, that

类术语。

the rules can be ud in cas where a ship is ud for part of

the carriage.

In the cond class of Incoterms? 2010 rules, the point of

delivery and the place to which the goods are carried to the

在第二类术语中，交货点和把货物送达买方的地点都是

buyer are both ports, hence the label “a and inland waterway”

港口，所以只适用于“海上或内陆水上运输”。

rules. FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF belong to this class. Under the last

FAS,FOB,CFR 和 CIF 都属于这一类。最后的三个术语，

three Incoterms rules, all mention of the ship’s rail as the point

删除了以越过船舷为交货标准而代之以将货物装运上

of delivery has been omitted in preference for the goods being

船。这更准确的反应了现代商业现实，避了以往风险围

delivered when they are “on board” the vesl. This more

绕船舷这条虚拟垂线来回摇摆。

cloly reflects modern commercial reality and avoids the

rather dated image of the risk swinging to and fro across an

imaginary perpendicular line.

3.国内贸易和国际贸易的规定

3. Rules for domestic and international trade

传统的 Incoterms 规则只在国际销售合同中运用，此种

Incoterms rules have traditionally been ud in international sale

交易货物运输都需跨越国界。在世界许多地区，商业集

contracts where goods pass across national boarders. In various

团如欧盟使得不同国家间的过关手续不再重要。所以，

areas of the world, however, trade blocs, like the European

Incoterms?2010 正式认可所有的贸易规则既可以适用于

Union, have made border formalities between different

国内交易也可以适用于国际交易。所以，Incoterms?2010

countries less significant. Conquently, the subtitle of the

Incoterms? 2010 rules formally recognize that they are

在一些地方明确规定，只有在适当的时候，才有义务遵

available for application to both international and domestic

从进口或者出口的手续。

sale contracts. As a result, the Incoterms? 2010 rules clearly

state in a number of places that the obligation to comply with

export/import formalities exists only where applicable.

Two developments have persuaded ICC that a movement in

两个新发展使得 ICC 相信向这个方向的改革是适宜的。

this direction is timely. Firstly, traders commonly u Incoterms 首先，商人们普遍在国内贸易合同使用Incoterms2010 规

rules for purely domestic sale contract. The cond reason is

则。其次，比起先前提到的统一的商业规则中的运输和

the greater willingness in the Unites States to u Incoterm

交付术语，在国内贸易中更多美国人愿意使用

rules in domestic trade rather than the former Uniform

Incoterms2010 中的术语。

Commercial Code shipment and delivery terms.

4. Guidance Notes

4．引言

Before each Incoterms? 2010 rule you will find a Guidance Note.

在 Incoterms?2010 的每条规则前面，都有一条引言。引

The Guidance Notes explain the fundamentals of each Incoterms

言解释每条贸易规则的基本内容，比如说什么时候被运

rule, such as when it should be ud, when risk pass, and how

用到，什么时候风险转移，还有费用在卖方和买方间是

costs are allocated between ller and buyer. The Guidance

怎样分配的等等。引言并不是 Incoterms?2010的内容，

Notes are not part of the actual Incoterms? 2010 rules, but are

intended to help the ur accurately and efficiently steer

towards the appropriate Incoterms rule for a particular

transaction.

5. Electronic communication

Previous versions of Incoterms rules have specified tho

但是它们能帮助使用者更准确更有效率的针对特定的贸

易运用合适的贸易条款。

5.电子通信

上一版本的 Incoterms 规则已经确定了可以被电子数据

documents that could be replaced by EDI messages. Articles

交换信息替代的文件。然而 Incoterms?规则 2010中的

A1/B1 of the Incoterms? 2010 rules, however, now give

A1/B1 赋予电子通信方式和纸质通讯相同的效果，只要

electronic means of communication the same effect as paper

缔约双方同意或存在国际惯例。这一规定有利于促进

communication, as long as the parties so agree or where

Incoterms?规则 2010 中新的电子程序的演进。

customary. This formulation facilitates the evolution of new

electronic procedures throughout the lifetime of the Incoterms?

2010 rules.

6.保险范围

6. Insurance cover

The Incoterms? 2010 rules are the first version of the Incoterms

Incoterms?规则 2010 是协会货物条款修订以来的最新

rules since the version of the Institute Cargo Claus and take

版国际贸易术语规则，并就对那些条款的变更做了考虑。

account of alterations made to tho claus. The Incoterms?

Incoterms? 规则 2010 把关系到保险的信息义务规定在

2010 rules place information duties relating to insurance in

articles A3/B3, which deal with contracts of carriage and

insurance. The provisions have been moved from the more

A3/B3，这涉及到运输和保险合同。这些条款已经从更为

普通的国际贸易术语 2000 中 A10/B10的文章中删除。

为了明确缔约双方的义务，条款 A2/B3中涉及保险的行

generic found in article A10/B10 of the Incoterms 2000 rules.

The language in articles A2/B3 relating to insurance has also

文也做了变化。

been altered with a view to clarifying the parties’ obligations in

this regard.

7. Security-related Clearances and information required for

7. 与安全有关的清关需要的信息

such clearances

There is heightened concern nowadays about curity in the

现在人们高度关注货物运输中的安全问题，需要确认货

movement of goods, requiring verification that the goods do

物不会对生命和财产有威胁，除了其自身固有的属性。

not po a threat to life or property for reasons other than

因此，Incoterms?规则 2010 已经在买家和卖家间分配了

their inherent nature.

Therefore, the Incoterms? 2010 rules have allocated obligations

between the buyer and ller to obtain or to render assistance in

obtaining curity-related clearances, such as chain-of-custody

义务，在与安全有关的清关获得或者提供帮助，例如在

多种多样的国际贸易术语中 A2/B2 和 A10/B10的监管

链相关信息。

information, in articles A2/B2 and A10/B10 of various Incoterms

rules.

8. 终点站操作费

8. Terminal handling charges

在国际贸易术语 CPT，CIP，CIF，DAT，DAP 和 DDP

Under Incoterms rules CPT, CIP, CFR, CIF, DAT, DAP, and DDP,

项下，卖家必须做好安排使货物到达指定目的地。虽然

the ller must make arrangements for the carriage of the goods

运费是由卖方支付的，但因为运费一般被卖方包含在销

to the agreed destination. While the freight is paid by the ller,

售价格中所以实际上运费是由买方支付的。货运费有时

it is actually paid for by the buyer as freight costs are normally

包括港口或集装箱码头内的理货和运输费用，承运人和

included by the ller in the total lling price. The carriage costs

终点站运营方也可能向收到货物的买家收取这笔费用。

will sometimes include the costs of handling and moving the

在这种情况下，买家会想要避免对同一服务重复付费：

goods within port or container terminal facilities and the carrier

一次付给卖家作为销售价格中的一部分，一次单独地付

or terminal operator may well charge the costs to the buyer

给承运人或者终点站运营方。Incoterms?规则 2010在相

who receives the goods. In the circumstances, the buyer will

关国际贸易术解释规则的 A6/B6 条款明确的分配此项

want to avoid paying for the same rvice twice: once to the

费用，力求避免重复付费。

ller as part of the total lling price and once independently to

ek to avoid this happening by clearly allocating such costs in

articles A6/B6 of the relevant Incoterms rules.

the carrier or the terminal operator. The Incoterms? 2010 rules

9. String sales

In the sale of commodities, as oppod to the sale of

9. 连环合同

与工业制成品的销售不同，在农矿产品的销售中，货物

manufactured goods, cargo is frequently sold veral times

经常在沿销售链运转过程中被频繁销售多次。这种情况

during transit “down a string” when this happens, a ller in the

下，在运输中的卖家不用再运输货物，因为货物已被第

middle of the string don’t have to ship the goods becau the

一个卖家装船运输了。中途的卖方通过接收货物而非运

have already been shipped by the first ller in the string. The

输货物向买方履行义务。为明确起见，Incoterms? 规则

ller in the middle of the string therefore performs its

2010 在相关规定中把提取已经运输的商品的义务作为

obligations towards its buyer not by shipping the goods, but by

“procuring” goods that have been shipped. For clarification

运输商品义务的替换。

purpos, Incoterms? 2010 rules include the obligation to

“procure goods shipped” as an alternative to the obligation to

ship goods in the relevant Incoterms rules.

RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF

TRANSPORT

Variants of Incoterms rules

运输方式的规则

国际贸易术语解释通则的变体

Sometimes the parties want to alter an Incoterms rules. The

贸易各方有时因各自需要意图修改某一国际贸易术语规

Incoterms 2010 rules do not prohibit such alteration, but there

则的适用。《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》并不禁止这

are dangers in so doing. In order to avoid any unwelcome

种修改，但是这样做会带来一定的危险。因此双方都应当

surpris, the parties would need to make the intended effect of

在合同中明确表明修改意欲达到的效果以避免不愉快的

such alterations extremely clear in their contract. Thus, for

分歧。譬如，假设合同改变了Incoterms 规则中费用的分

example, if the allocation of costs in the Incoterms 2010 rules is

配，那么合同各方亦应当明确声明是否改变风险（从卖方

altered in the contract, the parties should also clearly state

到买方）转移的临界点。

whether they intend to vary the point at which the risk pass

from ller to buyer.

Status of this introduction

本导言的功能地位

This introduction gives general information on the u and

本导言只是对《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》的用途和

interpretation of the Incoterms 2010 rules, but does not form

解释的概括提示，并不是这些的组成部分。

part of tho rules.

Explanation of terms ud in the Incoterms 2010 rules

对《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》中术语的解释

As in the Incoterms rules, the ller’s and buyer’s obligations are

正如《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》中所述，买方和卖

prented in mirror fashion, reflecting under column A the

方的共同义务是以对应方式呈现的，也就是说，既能反映

ller’s obligations and under column B the buyer’s obligations.

出 A 栏中的买方义务，又能反映出 B 栏中的卖方义务。

The obligations can be carried out personally by the ller or

这些义务可以由买方或者卖方亲自履行，有时抑或受制于

the buyer or sometimes, subject to terms in the contract or the

合同或者适用法律中的个别条款的规定，由诸如承运人、

applicable law, through intermediaries such as carriers, freight

转运代理人等中介组织，或者其他由买方或者卖方为了特

forwarders or other persons nominated by the ller or the

定目的而委任的人来履行。

buyer for a specific purpo.

The text of the Incoterms 2010 rules is meant to be

《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》正文中条文解析明了。

lf-explanatory. However, in order to assist urs the following

但出于引导辅助（使用者）理解的考虑，编者还是占用了

text ts out guidance as to the n in which lected terms

以下篇幅对从《规则》中选取的几个术语进行阐释。

are ud throughout the document.

is the party with whom carriage is contracted.

承运人是指与托运人订立合同，并承担运输义务的一方。

Carrier: For the purpos of the Incoterms 2010 rules, the carrier

承运人：出于《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》的目的，

Customs Formalities: The are requirements to be met in order

报关单：是指为了遵守海关条例而需要满足的一些要求，

to comply with any applicable customs regulations and may

包括了单据、安全、信息或者实体检验之义务。

include documentary, curity, information or physical

inspection obligations.

Delivery: This concept has multiple meanings in trade law and

交货：在商法和商事活动中，这个概念有多种涵义。但是，

practice, but in the Incoterms 2010 rules, it is ud to indicate

在《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》中，交货用来表明在

where the risk of loss of or damage to the goods pass from the

货物由卖方向买方转移的过程中毁损风险在何处转移。

ller to the buyer.

Delivery document: This phra is now ud as the heading to

交货单：此术语现在已成为 A8 条款的标题。交货单，

article A8. It means a document ud to prove that delivery has

是用于证明已完成交货的凭证。对于《国际贸易术语解释

occurred. For many of the Incoterms 2010 rules, the delivery

通则 2010》中的许多规则，交货单是一种运输单据或相

document is a transport document or corresponding electronic

关电子记录。

record.

However, with EXW, FCA, FAS and FOB, the delivery document

但是对于 EXW，FCA，FAS 和 FOB，交货单只是一种

may simply be a receipt. A delivery document may also have

收据。当然，交货单还有其他功能，比如支付程序的一个

other functions, for example as part of the mechanism for

环节。

payment.

Electronic record or procedure: A t of information constituted

电子记录或者程序：由一个或多个可适用的电子讯号组成

of one or more electronic messages and, where applicable,

的一组信息库，其功能上等同于相应的纸质文档。

being functionally equivalent with the corresponding paper

document.

Packaging: this word is ud for different purpos:

under the contract of sale.

transportation.

other means of transport.

包装：此词因语境不同有不同含义：

1. The packaging of the goods to comply with any requirements

1. 符合销售合同要求的货物包装；

2. The packaging of the goods so that they are fit for

2. 符合运输要求的货物包装；

3. The stowage of the packaged goods within a container or

3. 集装箱或其他运输工具中已包装货物的理仓

In the Incoterms 2010 rules, packaging means both the first and

在《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》中，“包装”一词有

cond of the above. The Incoterms 2010 rules do not deal with

以上中的 1 和 2 项的含义。Incoterms2010 中并不涉及

the parties’ obligations for stowage within a container and

集装箱内货物的理仓义务，当事人应在销售合同中予以

therefore, where relevant, the parties should deal with this in

确定。

the sale contract.

EXW (inrt named place of delivery)

GUIDANCE NOTE

This rule may be ud irrespective of the mode of transport lected and may also be ud where more than one mode of

transport is employed.

It is suitable for domestic trade, while FCA is usually more appropriate for international trade.

“Ex Works” means that the ller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the ller’s premis or at

another named place ., works, factory, warehou, etc.). The ller does not need to load the goods on any collecting

vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable.

The parties are well advid to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the costs and

risks to that point are for the account of the ller. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the

agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery.

EXW reprents the minimum obligation for the ller. The rule should be ud with care as:

a) The ller has no obligation to the buyer to load the goods, even though in practice the ller may be in a better

position to do so. If the ller does load the goods, it does so at the buyer’s risk and expen. In cas where the ller is

in a better position to load the goods, FCA, which obliges the ller to do so at its own risk and expen, is usually more

appropriate.

b) A buyer who buys from a ller on an EXW basis for export needs to be aware that the ller has an obligation to

provide only such assistance as the buyer may require to effect that export: the ller is not bound to organize the

export clearance. Buyers are therefore well advid not to u EXW if they cannot directly or indirectly obtain export

clearance.

c) The buyer has limited obligations to provide to the ller any information regarding the export of the goods. However,

the ller may need this information for, ., taxation or reporting purpos.

EXW——工厂交货（……指定地点）

本条规则与（当事人）所选择的运输模式无关，即便（当事人）选择多种运输模式，亦可适用该规则。本

规则较适用于国内交易，对于国际交易，则应选FCA[1] “货交承运人（……指定地点）”规则为佳。

“工厂交货（---指定地点）”是指当卖方在其所在地或其他指定的地点（如工场（强调生产制造场所）、工厂

（制造场所）或仓库等）将货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货。卖方不需将货物装上任何运输工具，在需要办

理出口清关手续时，卖方亦不必为货物办理出口清关手续。

双方都应该尽可能明确的指定货物交付地点，因为此时（交付前的）费用与风险由卖方承担。买方必须承

当在双方约定的地点或在指定地受领货物的全部费用和风险。

EXW 是卖方承担责任最小的术语。它应遵守以下使用规则：

a) 卖方没有义务为买方装载货物，即使在实际中由卖方装载货物可能更方便。若由卖方装载货物，相关风险

和费用亦由买方承担。如果卖方在装载货物中处于优势地位，则使用由卖方承担装载费用与风险的FCA术

语通常更合适。

b) 买方在与卖方使用EXW术语时应知晓，卖方仅在买方要求（更符合术语特质）办理出口手续时负有协助的

义务：（但是），卖方并无义务主动（更强调最小义务，吸收进2010年本身的意义）办理出口清关手续。

因此如果买方不能直接或间接地办理出口清关手续，建议买方不要使用EXW术语。

c) 买方承担向卖方提供关于货物出口之信息的有限义务。但是，卖方可能需要这些用作诸如纳税（申报税款）、

报关等目的的信息。

A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS

A1 General obligations of the ller B1 General obligations of the buyer

The ller must provide the goods and the The buyer must pay the price of the goods as

commercial invoice in conformity with the contract provided in the contract of sale.

of sale and any other evidence of conformity that Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an

may be required by the contract. equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed

Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an between the parties or customary.

equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed

between the parties or customary.

A2 Licences, authorizations, curity clearances and B2 Licences, authorizations, curity clearances and

other formalities other formalities

Where applicable, the ller must provide the buyer, Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at

at the buyer’s request, risk and expen, assistance its own risk and expen, any export and import

in obtaining any export licence, or other official licence or other official authorization and carry out

authorization necessary for the export of the goods. all customs formalities for the export of the goods.

Where applicable, the ller must provide, at the

buyer’s request, risk and expen, any information in

the posssion of the ller that is required for the

curity clearance of the goods.

A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance

a) Contract of carriage a) Contract of carriage

The ller has no obligation to the buyer to make a The buyer has no obligation to the ller to make a

contract of carriage. contract of carriage.

b) Contract of insurance b) Contract of insurance

The ller has no obligation to the buyer to make a The buyer has no obligation to the ller to make a

contract of insurance. However, the ller must contract of insurance.

provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and

expen (if any), with information that the buyer

needs for obtaining insurance.

A4 Delivery B4 Taking delivery

The ller must deliver the goods by placing them at The buyer must take delivery of the goods when A4

the disposal of the buyer at the agreed point, if any, and A7 have been complied with.

at the named place of delivery, not loaded on any

collecting vehicle. If no specific point has been

agreed within the named place of delivery, and if

there are veral points available, the ller may

lect the point that best suits its purpo. The ller

must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within

the agreed period.

A5 Transfer of risks B5 Transfer of risks

The ller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the

goods until they have been delivered in accordance goods from the time they have been delivered as

with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the envisaged in A4.

circumstances described in B5. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with

B7, then the buyer bear all risks of loss of or damage

to the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date

of the expiry date of any agreed period for delivery,

provided that the goods have been clearly identified

as the contract goods.

A6 Allocation of costs B6 Allocation of costs

The ller must pay The buyer must:

a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been a) pay all costs relating to the goods from the time

delivered in accordance with A4, other than tho they have been delivered as envisaged in A4;

payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b)pay any additional costs incurred by failing either

b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities to take delivery of the goods when they have been

necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and placed at its disposal or to give appropriate notice in

other charges payable upon export. accordance with B7, provided that the goods have

been clearly identified as the contract goods;

c)pay, where applicable, all duties, taxes and other

charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs

formalities payable upon export; and

d) reimbur all costs and charges incurred by the

ller in providing assistance as envisaged in A2.

A7 Notices to the buyer B7 Notices to the ller

The ller must give the buyer any notice needed to The buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine

enable the buyer to make delivery of the goods. the time within an agreed period and/or the point of

taking delivery within the named place, give the

ller sufficient notice thereof.

A8 Delivery document B8 Proof of delivery

The ller has no obligation to the buyer. The buyer must provide the ller with appropriate

evidence of having taken delivery.

A9 Checking –packaging –marking B9 Inspection of goods

The ller must pay the costs of tho checking The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory

operations (such as checking quality, measuring, pre-shipment inspection, including inspection

weighing, counting) that are necessary for the mandated by the authorities of the country of

purpo of delivering the goods in accordance with export.

A4.

The ller must, at its own expen, package the

goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to

transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The

ller may package the goods in the manner

appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has

notified the ller of specific packaging requirements

before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is

to be marked appropriately.

A10 Assistance with information and related costs B10 Assistance with information and related costs

The ller must, where applicable, in a timely The buyer must, in a timely manner, advi the ller

manner, provide to or render assistance in obtaining of any curity information requirements so that the

for the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and ller may comply with A10.

expen, any documents and information, including The buyer must reimbur the ller for all costs and

curity-related information, that the buyer needs charges incurred by the ller in providing or

for the import of the goods and/or for their rendering assistance in obtaining documents and

transport to the final destination. information as envisaged in A10.

卖方义务 买方义务

A1卖方的一般义务 B1买方的一般义务

卖方必须按照销售合同提供货物和商业发票，以及买方必须按照买卖合同之规定支付货物价款。

合同可能要求的、用以证明货物符合合同规定的其

他任何凭证。

所有在A1-A10条款中提及的文件，（均）可采用经手续。

当事人协定或约定俗成、具有同等作用的电子记录

或者手续。

A2许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 B2许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续

在需要办理海关手续时，应买方要求并由买方承当在需要办理海关手续时, 买方必须自担风险和费用，

风险和费用时，卖方应协助买方办理出口货物必须由其取得任何出口和进口许可证或其他官方许可，并

的出口许可证或其他官方许可。 办理货物出口的一切海关手续。

应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，在需要办理海

关手续时，卖方必须提供其掌握的货物安全检查所

要求的任何信息。

A3运输合同与保险合同 B3运输合同和保险合同

a） 运输合同 a)运输合同

卖方没有为买方签订运输合同的义务 买方没有为卖方签订运输合同的义务

b） 保险合同 b)保险合同

卖方没有义务与买方签订保险合同。然而，当买方买方没有与卖方签订保险合同的义务

请求或由其承担风险与（或有的）费用时，卖方必

须向买方提供其获取保险所需要的信息。

A4 交货 B4受领货物(接收货物)

卖方应在约定点或在指定地点将未置于任何运输车买方必须在卖方按照A4 和A7 规定交货时受领货

辆上的货物交给买方处置。若在指定的地点内未约物。

定具体交货点，或有若干个交货点可使用，卖方可

选择最符合其目的之地进行交货。卖方需在约定地

或约定时间内交货。

A5风险转移 B5风险转移

除发生B5中所描述之灭失或损坏的情形外，卖方必自卖方按A4规定交货之时起，买方必须承担货物灭

须承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至已经按照失或损坏的一切风险。

A4规定交货为止。

所有在B1-B10条款中提及的文件，（均）可采用经当

事人协定或约定俗成、具有同等作用的电子记录或者

如果买方未按照B7之规定通知卖方，则自约定的交

货日期或交货期限届满之日起，买方必须承当货物灭

失或损坏的一切风险，但以该项货物已清楚地确定为

合同项下之货物为限。

B6 费用划分 A6 费用划分

买方必须支付： 除B6预设的可由买方支付的费用外，卖方必须承担

a) 自按照 A4规定交货之时起与货物有关的一切

费用；

与货物有关的所有费用，直到其按照A4规定交货为

止。

b) 在货物已交给买方处置而买方未受领货物或未

按照 B7规定给予卖方相应通知而发生的任何

额外费用，但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下为

限；

c) 在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口应交纳的一切

关税、税款和其他费用，以及办理海关手续的费

用。

d) 卖方按照 A2规定给予协助时所发生的一切成

本与费用。

A7通知买方 B7通知卖方

卖方必须提供能使买方提货的所需通知。 一旦买方有权确定在约定的期限内受领货物的具体

时间和/或地点时，应就此给予卖方充分的通知

B8交货证明 A8交货凭证

买方必须向卖方提供已受领货物的适当凭证。 卖方无义务。

B9 货物检验 A9 检查、包装、标志

买方必须支付装船前检验的强制性费用, 包括由出卖方必须支付与A4规定一致的、以交付货物为目的

口国当局强制检查（的费用）。 的查对费用（如查对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数

的费用）。

卖方必须支付货物包装费用，除非是不需要包装便

可进行运输的特殊货物。卖方应采取适宜运输的包

装方式，除非买方在签订买卖合同前便告知卖方特

定的包装要求。包装应作适当标记。

A10信息帮助和相关费用 B10信息帮助和相关费用

应买方要求并由其承当风险和费用时，卖方须在合为使卖方可以履行A10之规定，买方必须及时通知卖

适的情况下为买方提供及时的帮助，以帮助买方取方其对于相关交易安全信息的要求。

得其出口和/或进口货物以及将货物运至最后目的

买方必须补偿卖方（由于提供给买方获得A10中提到

地所需的任何单据和信息，包括与安全有关的信息。

的讯息和单据而可能）产生的所有费用和代价。

FCA - Free Carrier (inrt named place of delivery)

GUIDANCE NOTE

This rule may be ud irrespective of the mode of transport lected and may also be ud where more than one

mode of transport is employed.

“Free Carrier” means that the ller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at

the ller’s premis or another named place. The parties are well advid to specify as clearly as possible the point

within the named place of delivery, as the risk pass to the buyer at that point.

If the parties intend to deliver the goods at the ller’s premis, they should identify the address of tho premis

as the named place of delivery. If, on the other hand, the parties intend the goods to be delivered at another place,

they must identify a different specific place of delivery.

FCA requires the ller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the ller has no obligation to clear

the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.

FCA——货交承运人（……指定地点）

该项规则可以适用于各种运输方式（单独使用的情况），也可以适用于多种运输方式同时使用的情况。

“货交承运人”是指卖方于其所在地或其他指定地点将货物交付给承运人或买方指定人。建议当事人最好尽

可能清楚地明确说明指定交货的具体点，风险将在此点转移至买方。

若当事人意图在卖方所在地交付货物，则应当确定该所在地的地址，即指定交货地点。另一方面，若当事

人意图在其他地点交付货物，则应当明确确定一个不同的具体交货地点。

FCA要求卖方在需要时办理出口清关手续。但是，卖方没有办理进口清关手续的义务，也无需缴纳任何进

口关税或者办理其他进口海关手续。

在需要办理海关手续时（在必要时/适当时），DAP规则要求应有卖方办理货物的出口清关手续，但卖方没有

义务办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税或者办理任何进口海关手续，如果当事人希望卖方办理货物的

进口清关手续，支付任何进口税和办理任何进口海关手续，则应适用DDP规则。

A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS

A1 General obligations of the ller B1 General obligations of the buyer

The ller must provide the goods and the commercial The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided

invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any in the contract of sale.

other evidence of conformity that may be required by

the contract.

Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an

equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed

between the parties or customary. between the parties or customary.

A2 Licences, authorizations, curity clearances and B2 Licences, authorizations, curity clearances and

other formalities other formalities

Where applicable, the ller must obtain, at its own Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its

risk and expen, any export licence or other official own risk and expen, any import licence or other

authorization and carry out all customs formalities official authorization and carry out all customs

necessary for the export of the goods. formalities for the import of the goods and for their

transport through any country.

A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance

a) Contract of carriage a) Contract of carriage

The ller has no obligation to the buyer to make a The buyer must contract at its own expen for the

contract of carriage. However, if requested by the carriage of the goods from the named place of

buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer delivery, except when the contract of carriage is made

does not give an instruction to the contrary in due by the ller as provided for in A3 a).

time, the ller may contract for carriage on usual

terms at the buyer’s risk and expen. In either ca,

the ller may decline to make the contract of carriage

and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer.

b) Contract of insurance b) Contract of insurance

The ller has no obligation to the buyer to make a The buyer has no obligation to the ller to make a

contract of insurance. However, the ller must contract of insurance.

provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and

expen (if any), with information that the buyer

needs for obtaining insurance.

A4 Delivery B4 Taking delivery

The ller must deliver the goods to the carrier or The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they

another person nominated by the buyer at the agreed have been delivered as envisaged in A4.

point, if any, at the named place on the agreed date or

within the agreed period.

Delivery is completed:

a) If the named place is the ller’s premis, when the

goods have been loaded on the means of transport

provided by the buyer.

b) In any other ca, when the goods are placed at the

disposal of the carrier or another person nominated by

Unless the buyer notifies the ller otherwi, the

ller may deliver the goods for carriage in such a

manner as the quantity and/or nature of the goods

may require.

the buyer on the ller’s means of transport ready for

unloading.

If no specific point has been notified by the buyer

under B7 d) within the named place of delivery, and if

there are veral points available, the ller may lect

the point that best suits its purpo.

B5 Transfer of risks

A5 Transfer of risks

The ller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the

The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the

goods until they have been delivered in accordance

goods from the time they have been delivered as

with A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the

envisaged in A4.

If

circumstances described in B5.

a) the buyer fails in accordance with B7 to notify the

nomination of a carrier or another person as envisaged

in A4 or to give notice; or

b) the carrier or person nominated by the buyer as

envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into its charge,

then, the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to

the goods:

(i) from the agreed date, or in the abnce of an

agreed date,

(ii) from the date notified by the ller under A7 within

the agreed period; or, if no such date has been

notified,

(iii) from the expiry date of any agreed period for

delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly

identified as the contract goods.

B6 Allocation of costs

A6 Allocation of costs

The buyer must pay

The ller must pay

a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been

a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they

delivered in accordance with A4, other than tho

have been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where

applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary

payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and

for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and other

b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities

charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b);

necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes, and

b) any additional costs incurred, either becau:

other charges payable upon export.

(i) the buyer fails to nominate a carrier or another

person as envisaged in A4, or

(ii) the carrier or person nominated by the buyer as

envisaged in A4 fails to take the goods into its charge,

or

(iii) the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in

accordance with B7, provided that the goods have

been clearly identified as the contract goods; and

c) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges

as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities

payable upon import of the goods and the costs for

their transport through any country.

A7 Notices to the buyer B7 Notices to the ller

The ller must, at the buyer’s risk and expen, give The buyer must notify the ller of

the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have a) the name of the carrier or another person

been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the nominated as envisaged in A4 within sufficient time as

carrier or another person nominated by the buyer has to enable the ller to deliver the goods in accordance

failed to take the goods within the time agreed. with that article;

b) where necessary, the lected time within the

period agreed for delivery when the carrier or person

nominated will take the goods;

c) the mode of transport to be ud by the person

nominated; and

d) the point of taking delivery within the named place.

A8 Delivery document B8 Proof of delivery

The ller must provide the buyer, at the ller’s The buyer must accept the proof of delivery provided

expen, with the usual proof that the goods have as envisaged in A8.

been delivered in accordance with A4.

The ller must provide assistance to the buyer, at the

buyer’s request, risk and expen, in obtaining a

transport document.

A9 Checking –packaging –marking B9 Inspection of goods

The ller must pay the costs of tho checking The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory

operations (such as checking quality, measuring, pre-shipment inspection, except when such inspection

weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpo is mandated by the authorities of the country of

of delivering the goods in accordance export.

with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment

inspection mandated by the authority of the country

of export.

The ller must, at its own expen, package the

goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to

transport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The

ller may package the goods in the manner

appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has

notified the ller of specific packaging requirements

before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is

to be marked appropriately.

A10 Assistance with information and related costs B10 Assistance with information and related costs

The ller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, The buyer must, in a timely manner, advi the ller

provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the of any curity information requirements so that the

buyer, at the buyer’s request, ller may comply with A10.

risk and expen, any documents and information,

including curity-related information, that the buyer

needs for the import of the goods and/or for their

The buyer must reimbur the ller for all costs and

charges incurred by the ller in providing or rendering

assistance in obtaining documents and information as

envisaged in A10.

transport to the final destination.

The ller must reimbur the buyer for all costs and

charges incurred by the buyer in providing or

rendering assistance in obtaining documents and

information as envisaged in B10.

The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner,

provide to or render assistance in obtaining for the

ller, at the ller’s request, risk and expen, any

documents and information,

including curity-related information, that the ller

needs for the transport and export of the goods and

for their transport through any country.

卖方义务买方义务

A1卖方的一般义务 B1买方的一般义务

卖方应当提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票买方应当支付销售合同中规定的货物价款

以及合同可能要求的、证明货物符合合同规定的其

他任何凭证。

A1-A10所提到的文件可以是由当事人约定的或已成

为惯例的，具有同等效力的电子档案或程序。

A2许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续 B2许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续

卖方应当自担风险和费用，并且在需要的时候取得在需要的时候，买方可以获取一切进口许可证或其他

任何出口许可证或其他官方许可，而且在办理海关官方许可，以及办理货物进口的海关手续和从他国过

手续时办理货物出口所需要的一切海关手续. 境的一切相关手续，并自担风险和费用。

A3运输合同与保险合同 B3运输合同和保险合同

a) 运输 a) 运输

卖方没有为买方订立运输合同的义务。但是，若经买方应当自付费用订立从指定的交货地点运输货物

买方要求，或者依循商业惯例且买方未适时给予卖的合同，卖方按照A3 a) 规定订立合同的除外。

方相反指示，则卖方可以按照通常条件订立由买方

承担风险与费用的运输合同。在任何一种情况下，

卖方都可以拒绝订立此合同；如果拒绝，则应立即

通知买方。

b) 保险

卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但是，卖方应

当按照买方的要求，向买方提供其所需的有关购买

保险的信息，由此产生的任何风险、费用由买方承

担。

A4 交货 B4受领货物(接收货物)

若有约定具体的交货点，卖方应按照约定，在指定买方应当在卖方按照A4规定交货时，收取货物。

的地点于约定的日期或者期限内，将货物交付给承

运人或者买方指定的其他人。

交货在以下情况完成：

a)若指定的地点是卖方所在地，则当货物已装载于买

方所提供的运输工具时；

b) 当装载于卖方的运输工具上的货物已达到卸货条

件，且处于承运人或买方指定的其他人的处置之下

时的任何其他情况。

若买方未按照B7 d) 项之规定，将在指定的地区内的

具体交货地点通知卖方，且有几个具体交货点可供

选择时，卖方可以在指定地点中选择最符合其目的

的交货地点。

除非买方另有通知，否则，卖方可以根据货物的数

量和/或性质的要求，将货物以适宜的方式交付运输。

A5风险转移 B5风险转移

B1-B10所提到的文件可以是由当事人约定的或已成

为惯例的，具有同等效力的电子档案或程序。

b) 保险

买方没有义务为卖方订立保险合同。

卖方承担货物灭失或损害的一切风险，直至卖方已买方自卖方按照A4规定交货之时起，承担货物灭失

按照A4的规定交付货物，在B5描述的情况下产生或损坏的一切风险。

的灭失或损害除外。

若

a) 买方没有按照B7规定将依A4规定对承运人或其

他人的指定告知卖方或提醒其注意；或

b) 其按照A4规定指定的承运人或其他人未接管货

物，则，买方按照下述规定承担货物灭失或损坏的一

切风险：

i）自约定日期时起。若没有约定日期，

ii）自卖方在约定的时期内依A7规定告知买方的日期

起。若没有告知日期，

iii）自任何约定的交货期限届满之日起，

但以该货物已被清楚地确定为合同项下货物为限。

A6 费用划分 B6 费用划分

卖方应当支付 买方应当支付：

a) 与货物有关的一切费用，直至已按照A4规定交货a) 自按照A4规定的交货之时起与货物有关的一切费

为止。除B6中规定的由买方支付的费用外;及 用，除了A6 b）中规定的货物出口办理海关手续的费

b) 在适用情况下，货物出口应办理的海关手续费用

及出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用。 b) 因发生下述任一情况产生的任何额外费用：

用及其他货物出口应缴纳的关税、税款和其他费用。

(i)由于买方未能按照A4规定指定承运人或其他人；

(ii)或由于承运人或买方指定的人未能接管货物；

?(iii)或由于买方未能按照B7规定给予卖方相应通知,

但以该货物已被清楚地确定为合同项下货物为限。

c) 在有必要时，货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款

和其他费用以及办理海关手续的费用及从他国过境

的费用。

A7通知买方 B7通知卖方

在买方自担风险和费用的情况下，卖方应当将货物买方应当：

已经按照A4的规定交付，或承运人或买方指定的其

他人未能在约定的时间内提取货物的信息充分告知

买方。

a)及时告知卖方其依A4规定指定的承运人或者其他

人的名称，使卖方能够按照A4条款的规定发送货物；

b)在必要时，告知卖方被指定的承运人或其他人在约

定的期限内收取货物的具体时间；

c)告知卖方由买方指定人采取的运输方式；以及

d)在约定地点内的具体取货位置。

A8交货凭证 B8 提货证据

卖方应当自担费用地向买方提供证明按照A4规定已买方应当接受卖方依A8规定提供的交货凭证。

完成交货的通常凭证。

卖方应当根据买方的要求，给予买方一切协助以取

得运输单据，风险和费用由买方承担

A9 检查、包装、标志 B9 货物检验

卖方应当支付那些对实现按照A4的标准运输货物的买方应当支付任何装运之前强制检验的费用，但出口

目标必不可少的检查措施（比如说质量检查，测量，国强制进行的检验除外。

称重，计数）所产生的费用，以及任何为出口国当

局规定的装运前检验的费用。

卖方应当由自己负担成本来包装货物，除非对该特

定种类的交易来说，将这种被销售货物不加包装地

运输是相关行业惯例。卖方可以将货物以适宜其运

输的方式加以包装，除非买方在销售合同签订前向

卖方通知了明确的包装要求。包装应当适当地标记。

A10信息帮助和相关费用 B10信息帮助和相关费用

应买方的要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方应当在买方应当及时告知卖方其关于安全清关信息方面的

需要时及时向买方提供或给予协助，以帮助买方取请求，使卖方能够履行A10中规定的义务。

得为买方进口货物可能要求的和/或在运往目的地的

过程中可能需要的包括与安全清关有关的信息在内

的任何单据或信息。

卖方应当补偿买方因提供B10中协助其取得单据和

信息的行为时的费用和要价。

买方应当对卖方因依A10规定所提供或给予的关于

取得单据和信息的协助而产生的费用和要价进行补

偿。

应卖方的要求并由其承担风险和费用，买方应当在需

要时及时向卖方提供或给予协助，以帮助卖方取得为

运输和出口货物和/或从他国过境时需要的包括与安

全清关有关的信息在内的任何单据或信息。

CPT – Carriage Paid to (inrt named place of destination)

GUIDANCE NOTE

This rule may be ud irrespective of the mode of transport lected and may also be ud where more than one

mode of transport is employed.

“Carriage Paid To” means that the ller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the ller at

an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties) and that the ller must contract for and pay the

costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.

When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are ud, the ller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the

carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination.

This rule has two critical points, becau risk pass and costs are transferred at different places. The parties are well

advid to identify as precily as possible in the contract both the place of delivery, where the risk pass to the

buyer, and the named place of destination to which the

ller must contract for the carriage. If veral carriers are ud for the carriage to the agreed destination and the

parties do not agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is that risk pass when the goods have been

delivered to the first carrier at a point entirely of the ller’s choosing and over which the

buyer has no control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass at a later stage ., at an ocean port or airport), they need

to specify this in their contract of sale. The parties are also well advid to identify as precily as possible the point

within the agreed place of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the ller. The ller is advid

to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precily. If the ller incurs costs under its contract of carriage

related to unloading at the named place of destination, the ller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer

unless otherwi agreed between the parties.

CPT requires the ller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the ller has no obligation to clear

the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.

CPT——运费付至（……指定目的港）

导言

这一术语无例外地用于所选择的任何一种运输方式以及运用多种运输方式的情况。

“运费付至…”指卖方在指定交货地向承运人或由其(卖方)指定的其他人交货并且其（卖方）须与承运人订立

运输合同，载明并实际承担将货物运送至指定目的地的所产生的必要费用.

在CPT, CIP, CFR, or CIF适用的情形下，卖方的交货义务在将货物交付承运人，而非货物到达指定目的地时，

即告完全履行。

此规则有两个关键点，因为风险和成本在不同的地方发生转移。买卖双方当事人应在买卖合同中尽可能准

确地确定以下两个点：发生转移至买方的交货地点;在其须订立的运输合同中载明的指定目的地。如果使用多个

承运人将货物运至指定目的地，且买卖双方并未对具体交货地点有所约定，则合同默认风险自货物由买方交给

第一承运人时转移，卖方对这一交货地点的选取具有排除买方控制的绝对选择权。如果当事方希望风险转移推

迟至稍后的地点发生（例如：某海港或机场），那么他们需要在买卖合同中明确约定这一点。

由于将货物运至指定目的地的费用由卖方承担，因而当事人应尽可能准确地确定目的地中的具体地点。且

卖方须在运输合同中载明这一具体的交货地点。卖方基于其运输合同中在指定目的地卸货时，如果产生了相关

费用，卖方无权向买方索要，除非双方有其他约定。

CPT贸易术语要求卖方，在需要办理这些手续时，办理货物出口清关手续。但是，卖方没有义务办理货物进口

清关手续、支付进口关税以及办理任何进口所需的任何海关手续。

A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS

A1 General obligations of the ller B1 General obligations of the buyer

The ller must provide the goods and the commercial The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided

invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any in the contract of sale.

other evidence of conformity that may be required by

the contract.

Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an

equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed

between the parties or customary. between the parties or customary.

A2 Licences, authorizations, curity clearances and B2 Licences, authorizations, curity clearances and

other formalities other formalities

Where applicable, the ller must obtain, at its own Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its

risk and expen, any export licence or other official own risk and expen, any import licence or other

authorization and carry out all customs formalities official authorization and carry out all customs

necessary for the export of the goods, and for their formalities for the import of the goods and for their

transport through any country prior to delivery. transport through any country.

A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance

a) Contract of carriage a) Contract of carriage

The ller must contract or procure a contract for the The buyer has no obligation to the ller to make a

carriage of the goods from the agreed point of contract of carriage.

delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named

place of destination or, if agreed, any point at that

place. The contract of carriage must be made on usual

terms at the ller’s expen and provide for carriage