基于实验经济学的规则不公平厌恶测度及其应用- 1 -
基于实验经济学的规则不公平厌恶测度及其应用
周彩霞，涂亚运*
（南京理工大学经济管理学院，江苏南京,210097><4）
5 摘要：行为经济学领域越来越多的实证研究证据表明人类的经济活动并非完全自利，对传统
的自私人假设提出了挑战。行为人对正当性社会规则的认同是合作的基础，
同时也可以用来
解释他们“偏离”理性行为的举动。本文结合经典的最后通牒和独裁者实验，以出价进入规
则场景的方式，测度行为人对不公平社会规则的厌恶程度，通过理论分析和对行为实验结果
的数据分析，探究这一偏好对行为人经济决策（主要为财产分配决策）的影响。通过比较分10
析，显著区分了规则不公平厌恶与财产不公平厌恶，为社会效用曲线的研究增添新的研究维
度。对行为人规则不公平厌恶的测度可以给规则制定者通过强化行为人规则认识来提升行为
人自我约束提供借鉴，亦可为研究陌生人之间的合作行为提供新的研究思路。
关键词：实验经济学；规则不公平厌恶；社会效用；社会偏好
中图分类号：F062 15
the Measurement an d Application of People’s Aversion of
Unfair Rules
Zhou Caixia, Tu Yayun
(School of Economics and Management, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu 20
Nanjing 21009<4)
Abstract: An increasing number of empirical evidence in behavioral economics has been proving
that the human economic activity is not completely lf-interested, which brings a challenge to the
traditional hypothesis of lf-interested man. The widely recognition of legitimate social rules,
which is the foundati on of people’s corporation, can also be ud to explain people’s behavior that 25
deviates from rationalism. Combined with classical experiments of Dictator and Ultimatum, this
article mainly measures people’s aversion of unfair rules through letting people choo their own
preferred rules by bidding. Besides, through theoretical analysis and data analysis towards the
result of behavioral experiments, this article does a study about affection of the preference of
fair rules to people’s economic de cisions (mainly for the property
distribution decisions). This 30
article significantly distinguishes the aversion of unfair rules and wealth through comparative
analysis, adding a new study dimension to the rearch of social utility curve. The measuring of
people’s aversion of unfair rules may provide a reference to rule makers to improve people’s
lf-discipline by strengthening people’s rules recognition, and can provide a new way for the
rearch of corporation behavior between strangers. 35
Key words: experimental economics; aversion of unfair rules; social utility; social reference
0 引言
公平规则偏好是公平偏好中的一种，行为人对公平规则的认同程度会在一定程度上影响
行为人在特定规则下的行为决策。测度行为人的规则偏好难度较大。对于现实生活中的各种<40
规则，不同的人会有不同的理解，所以经常会有“公说公有理，婆说婆有理”的现象。进一
步而言，即使是同一种规则对同一个人，身处不同角色条件下，或者随着认知的变化，对规
则的认识和认同度都会发生变化。所以在实验中如何控制除规则公平性以外的变量，成为能
否准确测得行为人规则公平偏好的关键。
- 2 -
基于此假设，本文要研究的主要问题是测度行为人的不公平规则厌恶程度偏好，并且初<45
步探讨该偏好对行为人在特定情境下的财产分配决策的影响。该影响主要与以往文献中的财
