欠 交 1 0.. 季 。鸯麓 呈萎霸
第二届国际河姆渡文化节将于5月下旬在余姚举彳亍0本次文化节以“弘扬河
姆渡文化,彰显幸福城魅力”为主题,以凸显“文献名邦”“山水城市”特质为内
涵,包括文艺晚会、国际论坛、海峡两岸百团万人河姆渡寻根游、河姆渡非遗文化
嘉年华等一系列文化活动。本刊这期刊载的《余姚名人甲天下》《姚剧(王阳明)
在台湾》两文就是从历史名人、非遗文化姚剧的视角来观照余姚“文献名邦”特
质和显示海峡两岸情缘。
姚江名
方其军
——1rJ
1973年,位于余姚
的河姆渡遗址露出地面,
一
幅远古文明的绚丽画
卷在世人面前徐徐展_开。
余姚,河姆渡,7000年,
这一片神奇的土地上,流
传着生生不息的精神歌
谣…・・
范仲淹在 送谢景
初廷评宰余姚))中云:
“余姚二山下,东南最名
邑。烟水万人家,熙熙自
翔集。”梁启超在《中国
近三百年学术史 中说:
“余姚以区区一邑,而自
明中叶迄清中叶二百年
间,硕儒辈出…・・”
在第二届国际河姆
渡文化节举办之际,我试
图推介历代余姚名人,以
撩揭那隐而有必然的牵
联与传承的帷幕。
余姚龙泉山上的子陵祠 AYan Ziling memorial on Longquan Hil lin Yuyao
墟说》一文,认为舜是余姚一带人物, 姚境内确有“历山”地名,当地小学
引起了学界震动。唐贞观年问 括地
的校名取为“舜耕小学”。或许,舜过
志》称:“越州余姚县,舜姓姚,故云
于久远,而余姚人最熟悉与亲近的先
姚舜遗风四大先贤
余姚”。之后,此类记载仍屡有出现。
贤是这么四位:严子陵、王阳明、朱舜
多年前,中国文史界泰斗史树青
如此说来,舜是余姚有史可考的第一
水、黄宗羲。由舜耕历山的勤俭贤德,
教授专门撰写((河姆渡遗址为余姚
贤者。“舜耕历山”是一个典故,而余
观照余姚人的四大先贤,一种纯正的
24 CuJtufa1 Dialogue
阳明,明代哲学
纯。报仇雪恨的举动震惊朝野。清军
家、教育家、军 入侵,黄宗羲组织“世忠营”抗清。抗
事家、文学家
清失败后,避居化安山,专为著书立
和书法家。早
说。清王朝多次召征“博学鸿儒”,皆
年因触犯当权 拒。黄宗羲自云其一生有三变:“初锢
宦官刘瑾,受
之为党人,继指之为游侠,终厕之于
到廷杖,贬为龙
儒林。”
场驿丞。他潜心
悟道,史称“龙
场悟道”,遂得 在宁波,有一句话:“一部宁波
姚江望族群英显赫
“知行合一”
为精髓的心学
真谛。后又领兵
打仗,功勋卓 始迁祖为汉代的虞光、虞国两兄弟。
著,可谓文武全 虞光官至零陵太守,虞国官至日南太
才 明史))评:
“终明之世,文
臣用兵制胜,未
有如守仁者。” 虞光、虞国虽已为官,但使虞氏
留存在余姚的
王阳明遗迹有
瑞云楼、中天
阁、新建伯牌 日行千里,文懂易经,谙熟典籍。然而
坊等,供后人瞻
1【仃。
曾经有段 虞翻老,秋深宋玉悲。”虞翻的孙辈
时间,在余姚四
黄宗羲(黎洲)故里碑
This stone stele marks the home village of Huang Zongxi in Yuyao
先贤的排行中,
朱舜水排在黄
气流是一以贯之的。
宗羲之后。后来,文史研究者发现,朱 和五年(330),他依据冬至日恒星的
范仲淹撰有 严先生祠堂记 , 舜水其实比黄宗羲早出生10年。朱舜
盛赞严子陵:“云山苍苍,江水泱泱。 水(1600-1682),名之瑜,字鲁屿。清 两年的冬至问向西偏移原位。祖冲之
先生之风,山高水长。”山高水长由
兵入侵,他奔走各地,联络义军抗清, 制 大明历 开创中国天文学史新纪
此被引为形容一种高洁的风骨。严子
辗转安南、交趾(均今越南)等地,历
陵,东汉初人,与刘秀同游学。他抗 尽艰险。四次东渡日本借兵,以图恢 余姚人最熟知的虞氏先贤恐怕
命王莽,不事刘秀,洁身全行,高风亮 复明室,均未成,最终流亡日本。1665
节,受后人推崇。佘姚有子陵祠、客星 年,因其才学出众,被水户藩主德川 氏家族的“绚烂之极”。虞世南的兄长
山、客星桥、客星庵、高风亭、“高风干
光国聘为宾师,为日本文明史添砖加
古”石牌坊、子陵亭等。传说严子陵
瓦,影响深远。有 朱舜水文集 行
奠
经汉帝刘秀再三邀请才人宫,是夜与
世,留于日本遗物今存水户彰考馆。
汉帝同榻而卧,严子陵以足置刘秀腹 家历任秘书监、弘文馆学士等。唐太
曾有权威机构评出中国十大
特别报道I∽PALS E I
上。次日清晨,史官奏称“客星犯御座
思想家,从老子、孔子、孟子这一路 宗褒奖他:“世南一人,有出世之才,
甚急”。刘秀笑答,只是与老同学共枕 遂兼五绝。一日忠谠,二日友悌,三日
下来,中国历代十个最重要的思想
而眠的缘故吧。
家中,余姚居然占了两个。一个是
余姚四先贤中,首先在哲学领域 王阳明,另一个就是黄宗羲。黄宗羲 后,虞氏家族的香火归于平淡。
探索而集大成者,当属王阳明。畅销书
(16l0-1695),字太冲,号南雷,称 虞氏家族之外,佘姚还有王氏、
明朝那些事儿 里,作者给予王阳
梨洲先生。他是个民主主义启蒙思 谢氏、黄氏、孙氏、邵氏、朱氏等名门
明极高评价:“明朝第一完人。”王阳 想家。崇祯元年(1628)正月,怀疏袖
明(1472—1529),名守仁,字伯安,号 锥赴京为父讼冤,锥刺杀父仇人许显
史,半部余姚志;一部佘姚志,半部虞
氏史。”可见虞氏家族在余姚历史上
举足轻重的地位。相传,余姚虞氏的
守。自虞光、虞国至晋代美食家虞惊,
计十一世。从虞光、嗅国至虞元长期
间,虞氏家族人才辈出、举世闻名。
家族声名鹊起的第—人则是虞光的玄
孙虞翻。虞翻(164—233),字仲翔,官
至三国东吴骑都尉。虞翻武能打仗,
性情疏直,冒犯孙权,先后被谪到丹
阳泾县和交州等地。李白诗云:“地远
虞喜,也着实是为虞氏家族大添异彩
之人。虞喜博学好古,擅天文历算,有
((尚书释问))等10佘种著作传世。成
中天观测,发现“岁差”,认为太阳在
元,即应用“岁差”原理。
是虞世南了。的确,虞世南可谓是虞
虞世基是隋朝武将,隋朝史短,虞世
南其实也是隋朝遗民。虞世南(558—
638),这位唐初政治家、书法家、文学
博文,四日词藻,五日书翰。”在唐朝
望族。
王氏中,“阳明千古大师”自不
t: { i j{ , “ 25
交 I。 篱 一 呈参磊
王阳明雕像 A statue ofWangYangming
朱舜水像 A portrait of Zhu Shunshu
必说,其父王华即是明朝状元,官至 理论家,中国共产党早期党员之一。
有明代大学士谢迁以及儿子谢丕等,
陈布雷捎话:“对你的道德文章,我们
南京吏部尚书,可见家族基业。谢氏
1921年,被商务印书馆聘为 学生杂
共产党人是钦佩的,但希望你的笔不
志 主编,任职6年,参与了五卅运动
要为一个人服务,要为全中国四万万
颇有声望。黄氏,宗羲之父尊素是明 和上海三次工人武装起义的组织工
人服务。”陈布雷的弟弟陈训慈曾任
末高官、著名东林党人,弟弟宗炎、宗
作。大革命失败后,他转移到日本,在 浙江省立图书馆馆长,另一个弟弟陈
会,以及儿子百家等,也多有建树,声
日本边进行革命活动边从事社会科学
训念曾任“中央社”总编辑、“中央日
报社”社长。
名远播。孙氏有“横河孙家境,纱帽
和教育科学的研究及翻译工作。1 929
历史的微妙在于,陈布雷的女儿
八百顶”的美誉,明代孙燧历任刑部 年他秘密回国,继续从事革命斗争。于
陈琏、女婿袁永熙却是赤诚的共产党
主事、江西巡抚,又有孙如游官至大
1931年病逝,年仪36岁。
学士,孙嘉绩任职南京工部主事。邵 再列举一位很早就投身革命的 人。在西南联大,陈琏找到了共产党
氏有清代史学家邵廷采、邵晋涵祖孙
余姚人——楼适夷。这是一一位坚定的
的秘密组织,而她的上级就是后来成
等,至现当代,还有“新月派”诗人、
共产主义战士。早年参加太阳社,曾
为她丈夫的袁永熙。陈布雷曾请人帮
留学日本,1931年回国,从事左联和文 忙查一查这个未来的女婿是什么人,
翻译家、编辑家邵洵美。
余姚朱氏在朱舜水外,又花开别 部的党团工作,历任新华日报社副刊
得知“外交部次长”叶公超教授是他
枝。据光绪 余姚县志 ,清朝朱姓者
编辑,中华全国文艺界抗敌协会理事, 的姐夫,吴晗教授是他的好朋友,朱
有朱文治、朱兰、朱迪然、朱定基等, 抗战文艺 及 文艺阵地 编辑、代 自清教授对他十分赏识…..1947年夏
为祖孙四代。 天,陈琏与袁永熙举行了婚礼。但蜜
理主编,新四军浙东根据地浙东行署
文教处副处长,出版总署编审局副处
庙堂江湖名贤遍布
不说南宋状元方山京,不说“海 民文学出皈社副社长、副总编辑、顾问
南夫子”赵考古,不说元末明初医学 等。作为我国新文学运动的一员骁将, 有必要一提的是,这里说到的
家滑寿,也不说“青词宰相”袁炜、明
代阁老吕本、明代工部侍郎龚辉,因 而在另一一个阵营中,也有不少余
月刚过,两人就被国民党当局逮捕。
长,东北军区后勤政治部宣传部长,人
过了几个月,陈布雷和叶公超将两人
保了出来。
“外交部次长”叶公超也是余姚人。
他的身后留下了一串闪光的足迹。
在那些显赫的余姚人中还有曾担任北
京大学校长的蒋梦麟、著名农学家沈 姚人。最显著的,恐怕要算陈布雷了。
单,那么,现在,我们把目光聚焦到现 陈布雷(1890—1948),才华出众,20
宗翰等。蒋梦麟、沈宗翰等人后来都
当代。在现当代,余姚名人依然光芒 多岁就存报界享有盛誉,他是国民党 迁赴台湾地区。沈宗翰之子沈君山是
与连震东之子连战、 “台湾四君子”(
璀璨,在各个领域星罗棋布。
的“领袖文胆”和“总裁智囊”,素有
在红色革命历史中,有一个佘姚 钱思亮之子钱复、陈诚之子陈覆安
国民党“第一支笔”之称。他是中国近
人是不可忘却的,他就是杨贤江。杨 现代历史上一位很受关注而颇有争议
并称“台湾四君子”)之一,1993年至
贤江(1895—1931),马克思主义教育
的人物。1941年,周恩来在重庆托人给
1997年,任台湾“清华大学”校长。口
为古代的余姚人物还能列出一长串名
26 CL ∞!Dl tie
Qijun
and even Japan
eratlon after another for his self-imposed
during a period of abstention from power,fame and wealth.
200yearsfromthe Yuyao boasts a 5(an Ziling Memorial Tem—
mid—Ming f 1 368—
pie as well as some architectural structures
1 644)to mid—Qing
and hills that have names in honor of the
(1644—1911).
ancestor.
History records Wang Yangming is a philosopher,edu—
say Shun the
cator,military general,man of letters and
Great,one of the calligrapher.While in exile in Longchang
three legendary
in remote Guizhou Province,he dedicated
emperors of early himself to philosophical thinking.He em—
China,was from
phasized the inseparability of knowledge
Yuyao.Shi Shu— and action.The theory plays a big part in
qing,a modern the history of Chinese ideology and has
scholar of history
influenced many scholars since then.He
and archaeol— won many military campaigns.The His—
ogy,wrote a pa—
tory of the Ming Dynasty says no civil
per claiming that ofifcials throughout the Ming achieved
Hemudu was the
more military exploits than Wang.There
relics of Yuyao
are three architectures in Yuyao in honor
Kingdom where ofWang Yangming.
Shun ruled.
ChronO1ogica11y,Zhu Shunshui used
The ancient
to be placed behind Huang Zongxi.After
emperor might much research.it is now confirmed that
be a legend,but
Zhu Shunshui was born ten years before
念碑
people in Yuyao Huang.When the Ming Dynasty collapsed,
ment jn honor of Zhu Shunshu
pride themselves Zhu Shunshui went to Japan four times in
【county—level city in great on having four great scholars as their four
vain to enlist Japanese military support
astem Zhejiang,put itself on major ancestral sages:Yan Ziling(birth and
in order to restore the Ming.He exiled
the world in 1 973 when the death years unknown),Wang Yangming
himself to Japan.In 1 665,he was invited
emudu relicsinYuyao revealed(1472—1529),Zhu Shunshui(1600—1682)
to Mito by Tokugawa Mitsukuni.Zhu
sperity ofthe Chinese civiliza— and Huang Zongxi r1610-1695).
特别报道_
taught Confucianism and helped rewrite
ears ago・ Yan Ziling and Liu Xiu(6BC一57AD)
a book of Japanese history.His legacy is
3wever,has been extensively went on a study tour in their early years
.
influential in Japan.A museum in Mito,
mg Chinese scholars since After Liu Xiu founded the Eastem Han
Japan has his relics.
of the Ming Dynasty.Liang Dynasty(25—220AD) the emperor sent
An authoritative instimtion once came
’3-1929),a scholar ofthe late forYanZiling,hopinghisoldfriendwould
up with a list oftop ten Chinese ideologists.
Y and early Republic ofChina,help urle the country
.
Yan turned down the
Yuyao is proud that Wang Yangming and
“A History of Scholarship in royal request repeatedly and retired to lead
Huang Zongxi ranked among the top ten.
Years of China”that scholars a reclusive life
.
In the history ofChina.Yan Huang is now considered a pioneer ofChi—
had influenced all of China Ziling was admired by scholars one gen—
nese democratic thought.In 1 628,he went
(i ̄tlnⅢ“ i0㈣ 。27
I l
∽
_口
厂厂]
(.)
●__●__——
∽
交杭一0 荔. 呈簧翕
ordinary after the Tlan2.
As a matter offact,Yuyao boasts six
other prominent families that produced
many celebrated figures n Chinese his—
tory.The six major prominent families in
Yuyao are surnamed Wang,Xie,Huang,
Sun.Shao and Zhu.
In the first half of the 20th century,
Yuyao also produced many a well known
personage.In the two major rival camps
of the Communists and KM Yuyao had
a fair share.Yang Xianjiang(1895—1931)
was a Marxist theorist and member of the
王阳明《矫亭说》手迹 Some pages fr。m Wang Yangming s manusc ripts
Chinese Communist Party.In 1 92 1 he
all the way to Beijing and assassinated Xu
in the Han Dynasty(202BC一220AD).The
Xianchun.who had killed Huang’s father. two brothers were omcials of the Han
Dynasty and ten uninterrupted genera—
was employed by Commercial Press as
editor.in—chief of Students,a magazine
The revenge shocked Beijing.When the
ized a resistance group.After the failure,
published by the press。He worked in this
position for six years.He was one ofthe
organizers ofthe May 30th Movement and
ons of their descendents followed thair ti
Qing invaded from the north,Huang organ—
footprints.Though Yu Guang and Yu Guo
were founding fathers of the family in
he retired to Hua’an Mountain and buried
himself in scholarship.He wrote many
Armed Uprisings of Shanghai Workers.
After the revalution failed,he lfed to Japan.
Yuyao,it was their grandson Yu Fan(164—
was a genera1 of the Wu Kingdom during
influential books.The Qing Dynasty of-
233)who ifrst claimed historical afme.He
fered to appoint him to important scholastic
In 1 929 he returned to China secretly and
continued to unde ̄ake secret revolution—
positions,which he turned down.
It goes without saying that Yuyao has a
lot ofmore preeminent ancestors to boast.
A local saying says it all:halfa history of
the Three Kingdoms years(220—280).He
was exiled after he offended the king.Li
Bai,presumably the greatest poet of the
ary activities.He died of illness in 1 93 1 at
the age of36.
LouShiyif1905—2001)wasacommunist
and man of 1etters.After his studies in Ja—
pan he came back to work for the Federa,
Tang Dynasty r6】8-907).deplored his
misfortune in a poem,thus making him a
Ningbo is about Yuyao;half a history of
Yuyao is about the Yu family.The legend
has it that the Yu family in Yuyao began
long——lasting literary metaphor.More de・-
scendents of the family made their names
in history.But the family became quiet and
tion ofLeft—Wing Writers.He was thrown
jnto jall in l 933 for his anti-government
with Yu Guang and Yu Guo,two brothers
activities.After he was released in l 937.
he worked as a ioumalist.Atier the found.
ing of New China,he served in various
important positions.Of these important
positions,he worked as vice chairman of
People’s Literature Press and vice editor
in—chief of the literary month.
In the other camp,Chen Bulei(1 890一
l948)from Yuyao is the most famous.A
talented iournalist,he made his name in
his early 20s.As the number one writer or f
KMT,he served as secretary for Chiang
Kai—sbek for years.His younger brother
Chen Xunci served as director ofZhejiang
Provincial Library and another younger
brother Chen Xunyu worked as editor—
in—chief of the CentraJ News Agency and
chairman of Central Dally News.Ironi—
cally,Chen Bulei’s daughter Chen Lian was
“文献名邦”石刻揭示了余姚人文历史的特质。
This stone carving marks Yuyeo as a land of literal and historical data
a communist and her husband was also a
communist.口
28( im “ a;t tic
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