小升初英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导+练习题(答案解析)

部编小升初英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导

一、培养正确的阅读习惯

有许多孩子在长期的学习中往往形成了各种阅读习惯，如一个词一个词地读，且常伴有一

些习惯动作：用手指、摆头等，这就是速读的障碍，并且可能影响到孩子一生的阅读。有

些不良的习惯会影响到他们正常的阅读，我们应注意纠正他们以下的不良方式：（1）用手

指或笔指词阅读；（2）逐词阅读；（3）复读；（4）声读；（5）心译。这些做法的结果

往往是降低阅读速度，不利于把注意力集中在作者要表达的思想或传递的信息上。应当指

出，孩子在平常的阅读中都会出现个别的、有意识的复视或回视，但过分的回视则会影响

阅读的速度乃至对文章有效的理解。

二、加强按意群阅读的训练

按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组

群，目光要尽可能少地停顿。试比较：（1）I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.（目光停

顿7次），（2）I usually / go to school / by bike.（目光停3次）。其中，（1）为逐词读，

（2） 为按意群读。具体说来，读的时候我们要指导学生，不要把目光停在某一个词上，

而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词，眼睛不要盯在字行上，要高一些，这样，映 入眼帘

的便是词组而不是单个的词；读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头，只要眼球来回转动就可以了；

保持坐姿端正，书本应放到眼睛正前方，眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为 宜，这样才能保证同

一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息，正确的读书写字姿势，如下图：

关键在于它既不是默读（心读）更不是朗读，而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建立直接的

联系，即外语思维。这是一个简捷快速的过程，非经过大量阅读训练的妙手岂能偶而得

之？因此，我们在平常可以教给学生试试以下两个方法：1. 快速朗读已经熟悉的课文等文

字材料（最好朗读到能够熟练背诵的程度）。通过这种练习，对什么是意群，怎样区分意

群，如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心词上，逐步就会有所实际地感受。

2. 把课文或阅读过的材料按意群分行抄写下来，再用目光扫读，使眼睛习惯于一扫一段。

随 着阅读的深入，熟练的孩子在阅读过程中能根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内容和文体调整

阅读速度，并利用头脑中已有的相关知识，借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选 择、推测和推

理，必要时还能跳出文段客观地判断作者意图。也就是说一些孩子能过渡到跳读和略读环

节。我们必须明确地告诉孩子，跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文 章的开头和结尾以及各段的

关键词和主题句。主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。

三、培养语言预测能力

所谓语言预测，就是根据词语的搭配习惯以及语法知识（词法和句法），凭借上文，猜测

出下文可能出现的内容，达到“未睹先知”的目的。例如，利用词法的搭配习惯，在读到I

go to school by ... 时，我们就能猜到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词；利用句法知识，在我

们读到Thank you for ... 时，我们就可以预知下文会出现一个动名词，这样就有助于我们在

整体理解全句。熟悉和体验词语的搭配关系也是预测能力的体现。例如读到He likes

listening ... 时，就知道下面一定跟一个介词to的结构；读到Little Water Drop goes higher

and ... 时也会知道下面要跟的肯定是一个比较级的形式。

眼未到心先知，眼再到时得到证实一闪而过就行了，这样读起来，自然就会快多了。

四、避免翻译

在开始的时候，逐句翻译成中文来心译理解是难以避免的一个现象。但如果总要依赖翻

译，养成习惯了，势必影响到阅读速度。当然用英文直接思维，这不是一下子就可以完全

做到的，但可以循序渐进，例如我们学了apple这个单词，我们在文章中见到它时，并不

是按照英语——中文——实物去理解，而是可以直接由英语到实物。再如读到She was

flying a kite.时，我们就可以直接体会到“一个女孩子手中拿着线，天上风筝飘呀飘呀”的画

面，避免了译成中文“她正在放风筝”后，再到画面的中间环节，那么就节省了时间。在 英

语的阅读理解中，孩子往往会或多或少地遇到各种各样的生词，这是影响孩子阅读速度的

最大障碍了。若把阅读过程比作一条奔流的小溪，那么生词便是顽石、沟 坎，使溪流不断

回漩激起浪花；冲过去便渐入佳境，冲不过去便成为一潭死水。跨越生词障碍可以通过猜

测词义来解决。猜测词义的方法有很多，有的时候不靠查字 典，的确很难猜出一个词的真

正意义，其实这时只要孩子能看出它的词性、在句中的作用，不影响阅读就足够了。例

如：PEP教材六上活动手册第38页第5题Read and answer中有这样的句子：Her friend

Judy likes playing the violin. But Sally doesn't play any instruments. She doesn't like music.很明

显，instruments没学过，是生词，但并不影响学生的阅读，学生通过上文中的violin下文

中的music，能明白。这正如我们小的时候在看长篇小说或大部头的书时，碰到不认识的

字词，并不是用查字典的办法去弄清楚它的读音和意思，而是仅仅揣摩一下它的含义，不

求甚解。生词问题解决了，就为以后的阅读铺平了道路。

阅读理解猜词六技巧介绍如下：

1.通过因果关系猜词

通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章

借助关联词(如becau，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of cour，therefore等等)表

示前因后果。例如：

You shouldn"t have blamed him for that，for it wasn"t his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原

因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。

2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词

通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不

认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义

词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of

spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets

就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或

副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is

so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not handsome我们不难推测出

homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通过构词法猜词

在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对

文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法

知识，这些问题便不难解决了。

4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义

例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or

drought.

从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，

由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或

释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。

5.通过句法功能来推测词义

例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm

areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它

们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同

属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。

6.通过描述猜词

描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内

在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of a bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and

walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例

句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生

活习性。

二、阅读理解

2．阅读理解A．阅读短文，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致 It was Sunday yesterday.

The weather was fine. It was sunny and there were no clouds in the sky. Sandy and Sue got up

early in the morning. Now they were in the park. It is a big park and it's so beautiful. They saw

many people there. Some boys played football on the grass. Some girls danced under the tree. An

old man walked beside the lake. A young woman and her little son looked at the fish in the lake.

How happy they are!

（1）Yesterday was Sunday.

（2）The weather was cloudy.

（3）Sandy and Sue were in a small park.

（4）Some boys danced and some girls played football.

（5）There was an old man walking beside the lake.

（6）There were some fish in the lake.

（7）All the people in the park were happy.

【答案】（1）1

（2）0

（3）0

（4）0

（5）1

（6）1

（7）1

【解析】【分析】该短文主要星期天Sandy 和 Sue一起去公园看到的一些事情。

（1）细节阅读，根据 It was Sunday yesterday. 得知昨天星期天，故答案为：正确。

（2）细节阅读，根据It was sunny and there were no clouds in the sky. 得知天气晴朗没有云

彩，故答案为：错误。

（3）细节阅读，根据 Now they were in the park. It is a big park and it's so beautiful. 得知她们

在一个大公园里，故答案为：错误。

（4）细节阅读，根据Some boys played football on the grass. Some girls danced under the

tree. 得知男孩们踢足球，女孩们跳舞，故答案为：错误。

（5）细节阅读，根据An old man walked beside the lake. 得知一位老年人在湖边散步，故答

案为：正确。

（6）细节阅读，根据A young woman and her little son looked at the fish in the lake. 得知湖里

有鱼，故答案为：正确。

（7）细节阅读，根据 How happy they are!得知所有的人都很开心，故答案为：正确。

【点评】此题目要求快速阅读文章，把握内容、了解大意，然后细致阅读，抓住主要内容

和细节，标出关键词，然后做出选择，完成题目。

3．阅读理解阅读短文，判断正误 Long, long ago there lived a king. He was very old and he

had no children. So he wanted to lect a new king in the country.

One day, the king asked his ministers to give all the children in the country some flower eds

and told them, "Who can plant the most beautiful flowers will be the king."

A child named David planted the eds and looked after them carefully. But day after day, no

flowers came out from the basin. He was very disappointed.

It was time to show the most beautiful flowers. The children from all over the country came

with their beautiful flowers.

The king walked in front of the children. When he saw the beautiful flowers, he was very

unhappy.

Suddenly, he saw a child carrying an empty basin. He was very glad and asked the boy, "Why

do you carry an empty basin?" The boy cried and told him the truth.

The king laughed, "You are an honest boy. You will be the future king." In fact, the eds had

been boiled.

（1）The king wanted a new king.

（2）The child with the most beautiful flowers will be the king.

（3）There were no flowers in David's basin.

（4）The eds from the king can grow flowers.

（5）David will be the future king.

【答案】（1）1

（2）0

（3）1

（4）0

（5）1

【解析】【分析】该短文主要老国王通过种花选拔新国王的故事。

（1）细节阅读，根据So he wanted to lect a new king in the country.得知要选新国王，故答

案为：正确。

（2）细节阅读，根据Who can plant the most beautiful flowers will be the king.得知种出最漂

亮的花的竟成为国王，故答案为：错误。

（3）细节阅读，根据no flowers came out from the basin.得知David的盆里没有花，故答案

为：正确。

（4）细节阅读，根据In fact, the eds had been boiled.得知那都是些煮熟的种子，故答案

为：错误。

（5）细节阅读，根据You are an honest boy. You will be the future king.得知David将成为国

王，故答案为：正确。

【点评】此题目要求快速阅读文章，把握内容、了解大意，然后细致阅读，抓住主要内容

和细节，标出关键词，然后做出选择，完成题目。

4．阅读理解阅读短文，根据短文填空 It is Saturday. The Browns are at home. Mrs. Brown is

in the kitchen. She is making lunch. Mr. Brown isn't in the living room. He is outside. He is

washing his car. The car is new and very beautiful. Jim is playing football with some boys. Where

is his sister, Sue? She's watching TV in her bedroom with her friend, Ann.

（1）There are ________people in Mr. Brown's family.

（2）Mrs. Brown is ________.

（3）Mr. Brown is ________his car.

（4）________is playing football.

（5）Sue and Ann are ________in Sue's bedroom.

【答案】（1）four

（2）making lunch

（3）washing

（4）Jim

（5）watching TV

【解析】【分析】通读短文了解到，星期六布朗一家在家正在做什么，妈妈正在做饭，爸

爸正在洗车，吉姆正在和孩子们踢球，妹妹正在和她的朋友看电视。

（1）通读短文知道，布朗一家有四口人，爸爸，妈妈，哥哥和妹妹。故答案为four.

（2）根据所给的短文，Mrs. Brown is in the kitchen. She is making lunch. 布朗太太在厨房

里。她正在做午饭。故答案为making lunch.

（3）根据所给的短文，Mr. Brown isn't in the living room. He is outside. He is washing his car.

布朗先生不在起居室里。他在外面。他正在洗车。故答案为washing.

（4）根据所给的短文，Jim is playing football with some boys.吉姆正在和一些男孩踢足球。

故答案为Jim.

（5）根据所给的短文，Where is his sister, Sue? She's watching TV in her bedroom with her

friend, Ann.苏，他的妹妹在哪里？她正在卧室和她的朋友安安一起看电视。故答案为

watching TV.【点评】阅读的关键在看懂短文，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量使用的短

文中词语填写答案。

5．阅读理解读短文并按要求完成相应任务

Today was the first day of the summer holiday．My friends and I went out together．We went

swimming in the swimming pool．We swam for an hour．I did not swim well，but I enjoyed it

very much．We had lunch in a fast—food restaurant．I had a sandwich and some orange

juice．Alice had a hamburger．Jack had a lot of French fries and some cola．We went shopping

in a supermarket．I bought a pink dress．Alice bought a pretty hat．Jack did not buy anything．

We went home at 3 o'clock in the afternoon．We 、were tired，but we were happy．

（1）写出短文中6个动词的一般过去式。

________ ________ ________

________ ________ ________

（2） The children went to：________

①the swimming pool ②the cinema

③a fast—food restaurant ④a supermarket

（3）They：________

①had breakfast together ②swam for an hour

③had lunch together ④picked apples

⑤bought some fruit ⑥went shopping

【答案】（1）was；went；swam；did；enjoyed；had

（2）①③④

（3）②③⑥

【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了暑假第一天，主人公和朋友一起出去玩的事情。

（1）从文章中找出was、went、swam、did、enjoyed、had， bought、were根据句子结构

即可找出，选出六个即可。

（2）根据We went swimming in the swimming pool．We had lunch in a fast—food

restaurant．和We went shopping in a supermarket．看出他们去的三个地方，故答案为：①③

④。

（3）根据We went swimming in the swimming pool．We had lunch in a fast—food

restaurant．和We went shopping in a supermarket．找到他们所干的事情，故答案为：②③

⑥。

【点评】此题主要考查学生的阅读理解能力，第一题考察对动词一般过去式的掌握，第二

题，第三题考察对短文的理解程度，都能在文中找到对应的短语或句子，此类题目对的答

案，一定要在文章中寻找，文章中一定会有依据。

6．阅读理解

Dear Tom,

Mum and I arrived in Nanjing happily. The trip(旅途)was only about four hours, It was very

nice to take a train. We will go to Aunt Linda's home later. Aunt Linda wants us to stay with her

for a week in Nanjing. She is going to take us to some interesting places in Nanjing. I will call you

when we get back to Shanghai Train Station. We want Dad to meet us. Plea tell him. Thank you.

See you soon.

Love

Danny

根据短文，选择正确答案

（1）Danny went to Nanjing with his .

A. mother B. aunt C. brother D. father

（2）They went to Nanjing by .

A. car B. train C. bus D. plane

（3）Aunt Linda lives in .

A. Nanjing B. Gulling C. Shanghai D. Beijing

（4）How long will Danny stay in Nanjing?

A. 1 day. B. 4 hours. C. A week. D. A month.

（5）Tom is Danny's .

A. friend B. father C. sister D. brother

【答案】 （1）A

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

（5）D

【解析】【分析】这是一封给Tom介绍作者旅程以及活动安排的信。

（1）根据短文句子 Mum and I arrived in Nanjing happily. 可知是和妈妈，A选项正确。故

答案为：A。

（2）根据短文句子 It was very nice to take a train. 可知是乘火车，B选项正确。故答案为：

B。

（3）根据短文句子 Mum and I arrived in Nanjing happily. 和 We will go to Aunt Linda's

home later. 可知琳达婶婶住在南京。A选项正确。故答案为：A。

（4）根据短文句子 Aunt Linda wants us to stay with her for a week in Nanjing. 可知待一周时

间。C选项正确。故答案为：C。

（5）根据短文句子 We want Dad to meet us. Plea tell him. 可知汤姆是丹尼的哥哥。D选

项正确。故答案为：D。

【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。首先仔细阅读短文，然后根据短文的相关叙述来完成

各题目。