if引导地非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气

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if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气

通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态

所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。.英语中的语气分三种：

陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话

不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能

性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。

If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件

句）。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。非

真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚

拟语气。

If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件

状语)

If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状

语）

If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）

If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从

句）

1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。

假设类型 条件从句的动词 结果主句的动词

与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be只用were）

would/should/could/might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might +

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have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反 动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形

would/should/could/might + 动词原形

①与现在事实相反

If I had time, I would go for a walk.

如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(实际情况：我现在没有时间，

也不会去散步。)

If I were you, I would take an umbrella.

假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不可能是你。)

I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.

假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上现虚拟语气

专项练习

1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have

been

3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call B. should not have been able

C. were not able D. are not able

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4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.

A. may get B. might get C. should have called

D. maybe get

5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been

done by hand, __________all practical value by the time

they were finished.

A. could lo B. would have lost C. might lo

D. ought to have lost

8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,

he ________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been

C. were D. would be

9. If you ________________Jerry Brown until recently,

you'd think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn't contact B. didn't contact

C. weren't to contact D. hadn't contacted

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10. ____________he English examination I would have gone

to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of B. But for C. Becau of D. As for

11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I

_____________your advice

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed

D. have followed

12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,

he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been

C. were D. hadn't contacted

13. If the hor won today, it _____________ thirty races

in five years.

A. would have won B. won

C. must have won D. did have won

14. There is a real possibility that the animals could

be frightened, _______a sudden loud noi.

A. being there B. should there be

C. there was D. there having been

17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it

been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole

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of last week.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. was

18. I apologize if I __________ you, but I assure you it

was unintentional(无意的).

A. offend B. had offended

C. should have offended D. might have offended

19. If you hadn't taken such a long time to get dresd,

we'd______________ there by now.

A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be

circling

20. The sun ris in the east and ts in the west, so it

ems as if the sun ________round the earth.

A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D . be

circling

21. I wish that I _______________ with you last night.

A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone

22. I wish I ___________ with her.

A. would be B. am C. was D. were

23. I wish that I_____________ the concert last night.

A. could B. have attended

C. could have attended D. attended

24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish

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I_______________ to it.

A. had not gone B. have not gone

C. did not go D. can not have gone

25. "I wish you___________ me to put the things away,"

he said.

A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would

help

26. If the Watergate Incident_____________ Nixon would not

have resigned from the presidency.

A. did not occur B. had not occurred

C. was not occurring D. be circling

27. I hadn't expected ________James to apologize but I had

hoped .

A. him calling me B. that he would call me

C. him to call me D. that he call me

28. George would certainly have attended the meeting,

____________________ .

A. if he didn't get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn't

happened

C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened

itlf

29. The teacher suggested that her students _____________

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experiences with ESP.

A. write a composition on their

B. to write composition about the

C. wrote some compositions of his or her

D. had written any compositions for his

30. He speaks Chine as fluently as if he ______________a

Chine.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip____ a great

success.

A. had been B. has been C. were D. was

32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he

______________ away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been

33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______as

elephant.

A. lifts B. is lifting C. Lifted D. could

lift

34. He described the town as if he_____________ it himlf.

A. had en B. has en C. saw D. es

35. At that thought he shook himlf, as though he

_____________from an evil dream.

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A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke

36. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________

anything about collecting claims until they investigate

the situation.

A. do B. don't C. didn't D. didn't do

37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know

who ______________their natural parents are, some who have

found them wish that they the experience of meeting.

A. hadn't B. didn't have had C. hadn't had D. hadn't

have

38. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your

registration.

A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must

confirm

39. without electronic computers, much of today's

___________advanced technology.

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

40. He speaks Chine as fluently as if he ____________a

Chine.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

41. It is time that the government ______________measures

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to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

42. Some people are too particular about school records,

insisting that every applicant ___all diplomas from

elementary school to university.

A. has B. will have C. should have D. must

have

43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwi he _____ to the

meeting.

A. would come B. Came C. would have come D. had come

44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn't be

surprid if he___________ acting for a living one day.

A. had taken up B. takes up

C. have taken up D. would have taken up

45. If I had en the movie, I ______________ you all about

it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would

have told

46. I hadn't expected ______Henry to apologize but I had

hoped .

A. him to call me up B. him calling me up

C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me

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47. I had hoped that John ____________a year in Africa, but

he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend

48. I had hoped that Jennifer___________ a doctor, but she

wasn't good enough at science.

A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes

49. I'd rather you ___________ anything about it for the

time being.

A. do B. didn't do C. don't D. didn't

50. I'd just as soon_______ rudely to her.

A. that you won't speak B. you not speaking

C. you not speak D. you didn't speak

51. It's high time they____________ this road.

A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend

52. It's about time people______ notice of what women did

during the war.

A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take

53. Everybody has arrived. It's time we___________ the

class.

A. shall start B. would start C. had started D.

start

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54. ___________ the English examination I would have gone

to the concert last Sunday.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Becau of D. As for

55. Mary ___my letter; otherwi she would have replied

before now.

A. has received B. ought to have received

C. couldn't have received D. shouldn't have received

56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwi he

_______to e his classmates off.

A. came B. would come

C. would have come D. should be coming

57. He's working hard for fear that he_____________ .

A. should fall behind B. fell behind

C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention

might____________ for a century.

A. have been postponed B. has been postponed

C. postpone D. be postponed

59. In the past men generally preferred that their

wives_______________ in the home.

A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working

60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more

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mature one, it requires that the child

_____psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is B. were C. be D. would be

61. Tom's father, as well as his mother,_______________ in

New York for a few days more.

A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay

C. asks he stays D. asks he stay

62. Your advice that_____________ till next week is

reasonable.

A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she

waited

64. It was esntial that we lea before the end of the

month.

A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing

65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study

of the results of the Apollo mission.

A. devotes to B. devoted to

C. is devoted to D. be devoted to

答案与详解

1．A．条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。 2．B．条件句表示

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与过去事实的虚拟。

3．A．条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。 4．B．条件句表示与未

来事实的相反。

5．C．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。 6．D．条件句表示与现

在事实的虚拟。

7．B．这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they

之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中

by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发

生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）would have lost为正确答

案。

8．（D）这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了

if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主

句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should,

could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）

是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。

9．（D）until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐

含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。

10．（B）假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在

一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词

otherwi 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本

句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去

成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选

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But for为正确答案。

11．（C）题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二

句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致

第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一

种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。

12．D．注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在

虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟。

13．A．从句对过去的虚拟。

14．B．从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。

17．（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事

实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部

分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中

应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。

18．（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中

的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去

做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中

should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此

不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发

生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以

藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had

offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：

apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。

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19．（A）该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。

条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，

但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。

20．（A）as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来

的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+

动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）

是正确答案。

21．D． 22．D． 23．C． 24．A． 25．D．

26．（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用

过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词

原形的过去分词。

27．（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。

28．（C）表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should,

could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以

省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英

语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。

29．（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should

（可以省略）+动词原形。

30．A．表示与现在相反的虚拟。

31．A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

32．D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去

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相反的虚拟。

33．D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。

34．A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

35．C．

36．（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去

式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情

况的假设。

37．（C）who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发

生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该

用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。

38．（B）

39．（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表

示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过

去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这

一形式。

40．（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种

假设，形式为might+动词原形。

41．（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见

句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。

42．（C）

43．（C）otherwi用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对

过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come

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形式。

44．（B）所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟

的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if

引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将

来时，故（B）是正确答案。

45．（A）这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对

过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在（now）的情况的假设，故用

would tell形式。

46．C． 47．C． 48．C． 49．B．would rather引导的虚拟语

气其谓语用过去式。

50．D．would as soon引导的虚拟语气，其谓语动词也用过去

式. 51．B． 52．B． 53．B． 54．B．

55．C．注意单词otherwi引导虚拟语气。 56．C．同上。 57．A．注

意词组for fear that

58．A．注意without 59．C． 60．C． 61．D． 62．B． 64．A． 65．D．

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