高物理中英文对照表

高一物理名词概念规律集合（中英文对照）

mechanics

力学

力学

力

力是物体间的作用

力的图示

力有大小和方向

牛顿

动力和阻力

重力

重量

弹簧秤

重心

质量分布均匀的物体

（匀质物体），重心的位

置只跟物体的形状有关

弹力

拉力，压力和支持力

形变

弹性限度

拉伸形变，压缩形变，

弯曲形变，扭转形变

压力的方向垂直于支持

The direction of a pressure is perpendicular to the supporting surface

and points to the presd object, while the direction of a supporting

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elastic force

full, pressure and supporting force

deformation

elastic limit

stretched deformation, presd deformation, bending deformation,

twist deformation

force

Force is the interaction of objects.

force diagram

A force has both a magnitude and a direction.

Newton

motive force and resistance

gravitational force

weight

a spring balance

center of gravity or gravitational center

For a body with homogeneously distributed mass (homogeneous

body), the location of its gravitational center depends on its shape.

面指向被压的物体，支

持力的方向垂直于支持

面指向被支持的物体

胡克定律

force is perpendicular to the supporting surface but points to the

supported object.

Hook’s law: The extension of a piece of wire is directly proportional

to the applied force providing the limit of proportionality is not

exceeded.

frictional force

sliding frictional force

The direction of the sliding frictional force is always tangential to the

surfaces in contact and is opposite to the direction of the relative

motion.

摩擦力

滑动摩擦力

滑动摩擦力的方向总是

跟接触面相切，并且跟

物体相对运动的方向相

反

滑动摩擦力跟压力成正

比

动摩擦因数

滚动摩擦

静摩擦力

静摩擦力的方向总是跟

接触因相切，并且跟物

体相对运动趋势的方向

相反

最大静摩擦力

力的合成

The sliding frictional force is directly proportional to the pressure.

the dynamic friction factor

rolling friction

static frictional force

The direction of the static frictional force is always tangential to the

contacting surfaces and is in the opposite direction to the tendency of

the relative motion.

the maximum static frictional force

composition of forces

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合力

共点力

resultant (force)

concurrent forces: If a number of forces act on the same point of an

object, or their lines of application interct at a common point, the

forces are called the concurrent forces.

equivalent and substitution of force

the parallelogram rule

Vector and Scalar

resolution of force

component

mechanical motion

reference system

mass point

locus

rectilinear motion

curvilinear motion

moment and time interval

displacement and distance

uniform rectilinear motion: If an object is moving along a straight line

and travels an equal distance in an equal time intervals, this motion is

called uniform rectilinear motion.

distance-tine graph

variable straight-line motion

velocity and speed

Average velocity and instantaneous velocity

instantaneous speed or speed

力的等效替代

平行四边行定则

矢量和标量

力的分解

分力

运动学

机械运动

参考系

质点

轨迹

直线运动

曲线运动

时刻和时间

位移和路程

匀速直线运动

位移-时间图像

变速直线运动

速度和速率

平均速度和瞬时速度

速率

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速度-时间图像

匀变速直线运动

velocity-time graph

uniform variable rectilinear motion: If the changes of the velocity are

equal in equal time in variable rectilinear motion, the motion is called

uniform variable rectilinear motion.

acceleration

initial velocity

final velocity

free-fall motion

free-fall acceleration or gravitational acceleration

加速度

初速度

末速度

自由落体运动

自由落体加速度，重力

加速度

牛顿运动定律

牛顿第一定律

Newton’s laws of motion

Newton’s first law of motion: All objects continue to be in its state of

uniform rectilinear motion or state of rest until being compelled to

change its states by some forces.

Newton’s cond law of motion: The acceleration of an object is in

direct proportion to the resultant force acting on it and in inver

proportion to the mass, the acceleration is in the same direction as

the resultant.

Newton’s third law of motion: The action and reaction forces of two

bodies are always equal in magnitude, opposite in direction and

acting on the same straight line.

inertia: The inertia of a body only depends on its mass.

hypothetical experiments

kinematics

dynamics

air cushion guide

fundamental units and derived units

overweight and weightlessness，complete weightlessness

牛顿第二定律

牛顿第三定律

惯性

理想实验

运动学

动力学

气垫导轨

基本单位和导出单位

超重和失重，完全失重

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共点力作用下物体的平

衡

力的平衡

the condition for a body to be in curvilinear motion: When the

direction of the net force a body experiences and the direction of the

velocity of the body do not fall in the same straight line, the body is in

curvilinear motion.

圆周运动

equilibrium of an object acted on by concurrent forces

equilibrium of the forces

物体做曲线运动的条件

运动的合成与分解

分运动与合运动

合位移与分位移

合速度与分速度

平抛运动

平抛运动

composition and resolution of motion

component motions and resultant motion

resultant displacement and component displacement

resultant velocity and component velocity

motion of horizontally projected objects

projectile motion: If you throw an object horizontally with a certain

initial velocity, neglecting air resistance, the body will move with only

the force of gravity acting on it. Such motion is called projectile

motion.

An projectile motion

can be resolved into a

horizontal uniform

rectilinear motion and

a vertical free-fall

motion.

匀速圆周运动

uniform circular motion: If a particle, moving along a circle, pass

an equal arc in equal time, this motion is called uniform circular

motion.

linear velocity, angular velocity, period and frequency

线速度，角速度，周期

和频率

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转速

向心力

向心加速度

切向加速度

离心现象

离心运动

the law of universal gravitation: Every particle of matter in the

万有引力定律

univer attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional

to the product of their mass and inverly proportional to the

squared distance between them.

天一运动

引力常量

天体 celestial body

人造卫星

宇宙速度

work and energy

功和能

功和能

机械能

焦耳

正功和负功

功率

瓦特

平均功率与瞬时功率

动能与势能

动能定理

重力势能

rotational speed (its unit is revolutions per cond)

centripetal force

centripetal acceleration

tangential acceleration

centrifugal phenomenon

centrifugal motion

gravitational constant

artificial satellite

（the first/ cond/ third）cosmic velocity

mechanical energy

joule

positive work and negative work

power

watt

average power and instantaneous power

kinetic energy and potential energy

theorem of kinetic energy: The work done by the resultant force on a

body is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the body.

gravitational potential energy

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参考平面

弹性势能

位能

机械能守恒定律

reference level

elastic potential energy

energy of position

the law of conrvation of mechanical energy: When only the

gravitational force does work, the kinetic and the gravitational

potential energy can be converted form one to another and the total

mechanical energy remains conrved.

mechanical vibration

spring oscillator

restoring force

amplitude, period and frequency

inherent frequency

vibration graph

Simple pendulum

damped vibration

simple harmonic motion

forced vibration

When a body undergoes a forced vibration, its steady vibration

frequency equals the frequency of the driving force and it is

independent of its inherent frequency.

机械振动

机械振动

弹簧振子

回复力

振幅、周期和频率

固有频率

振动图像

单摆

阻尼振动

简谐运动

受迫振动

物体做受迫振动时，振

动稳定后的频率等于驱

动力的频率，跟物体的

固有频率无关。

共振 resonance

The amplitude of the forced vibration increas when the frequency of

the driving force is clo to the inherent frequency of the object. Such

a phenomenon is called resonance.

driving force

驱动力

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共鸣

机械波

波

无线电波

机械波

电磁波

声波

地震波

波的形成和传播

横波和纵波

波峰和波谷

密部和疏部

介质

波的图像或波形图、波

形曲线

简谐波

波长

频率

波速

sound resonance

wave

radio waves

mechanical waves

electromagnetic waves

sound waves

Seismic waves

the formation and transmission of waves

transver waves and longitudinal waves

crest and trough

compression part and rarefaction part

media

the graph of a wave or waveform graph/curve

a simple harmonic wave

wavelength

frequency

wave velocity

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