向日葵英语

常用英语词汇集锦

UnitFiveACollectionofFrequently-udVocabulary

⑴三餐饭及其相关事物词汇(Mealsandrelevantthings)

早饭：breakfast.午饭：lunch.晚饭：supper.筷子：chopsticks.饭碗：(rice)bowl.

餐桌/饭桌：diningtable.摆碗筷：t/laythetable.碟子：dish/plate.盘子：

tray/plate/dish.搪瓷碗：enamelbowl.汤匙：soupspoon.调羹：spoon.餐馆：

restaurant.餐厅：diningroom;dininghall.食堂：diningroom;messhall;canteen.

自助餐厅：cafeteria.木柴：firewood.木炭：charcoal.煤气：gas.沼气：methane.

煤球：briquette.灶：s一塌糊涂的意思 tove.煤气灶：gascooker.厨师：cook;chef.厨房：kitchen.

水缸：watervat.锅铲：slice.锅盖：thelidofacookingpot.菜刀：kitchenknife.砧

板：choppingblock.锅：cauldron;pot;boiler.平底锅：pan.炒菜锅：wok.食油：

cookingoil;edibleoil.花生油：peanutoil.菜子油：rapeedoil;rapeoil.猪油：

lard.食盐：tablesalt;salt.盐罐：saltcellar;saltshaker.味精：monosodiumglutamate;

gourmetpowder.调料/调味品：condiment;asoning;flavoring.炒：stir-fry.

炒菜/煮菜：makedishes.煮饭：cookrice.蒸饭：steamrice.做饭：Dothecooking;

prepareameal.饭盒：messtin;dinnerpail.烧火：tendthekitchenfire.烧水：boil

water.茶瓶/热水瓶：thermos.茶壶：teapot.茶杯：teacup.茶叶：tealeaves;tea.

自来水：runningwater;tappingwater.（水）井：Well.

⑵食物(Food)

米：rice.米饭：(cooked)rice.米酒：ricewine.面粉：wheatflour.面包：breaas什么意思 d.包

子：steamedstuffedbun.馒头：steamedbun;steamedbread.米粉：groundrice;rice

flour.粉干/米线：rice-flournoodles.饺子：dumpling.水饺：boileddumpling.面

条：noodles.方便面：instantnoodles.豆腐：tofu;beancurd.豆腐干：driedbean

curd.豆腐乳：fermentedbeancurd.馃子：pastry;puffedfritter;akindoffrieddough.

蛋：egg.蛋糕：cake.生日蛋糕：birthdaycake.茶叶蛋：teaegg.牛奶：milk.酸

牛奶：yoghurt.奶粉：milkpowder.鸡肉：chicken.猪肉：pork.牛肉：beef.羊

肉：mutton.

⑶地理、政治词汇(GeographyandPolitics)

山坳：col.山村：mountainvillage.马路：road.山谷：mountainvalley;ravine.山

涧：mountainstream.山路：mountainpath.山坡：hillside;hillslope.山顶：hilltop.

山峰：mountainpeak.山泉：mountainspring.小溪：asmallstream;brook.江/河：

river.湖：lake.海：a.海洋：ocean.平原：plain.大陆：continent.中国大陆：

themainlandofChina.岛：island.中华人民共和国：thePeople’sRepublicofChina.

特别行政区：aspecialadministrativeregion.香港：HongKong.自治区：autonomous

region.自治县：autonomouscounty.自治州：autonomousprefecture.村：village.

村民：villager.村长：villagehead.镇：town.镇长：townhead.县：county.县

长：countymagistrate.市：city.市长：mayor.省：province.国家：country;nation;

state.中国共产党：ChineCommunistParty;theCommunistPartyofChina.中

华民族：theChineNation.中国人民解放军：theChinePeople’sLiberation

Army.士兵：soldier.中国共产主义青年团：theCommunistYouthLeagueofChina.

团员：Leaguemember.中共中央：theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyof

China.总书记：generalcretary.主席：ch小康 airman;president.国务院：theState

Council.总理：premier总统：president.首相：primeminister.首都：capital.省

会：provincialcapital.国歌：nationalanthem.义勇军进行曲：MarchofVolunteers.

国徽：nationalemblem.

⑷农业、农舍、农作物及其相关事物词汇

(Agriculture,farmhou,cropsandrelevantthings.)

牛栏：cattlepen.禾秆存放间：ricestalkstorageroom.猪圈：pigsty;pigpen.猪舍：

pighou;hoghou.菜园：vegetablegarden.菜地：vegetableplot.鱼塘：fishpond.

粮仓/谷仓：granary;barn;garner.果园：orchard.农业：agriculture.农民：peasant;

farmer.农村：village;countryside;ruralarea.农田：farmland;cultivatedland.稻

田：ricefield;paddyfield.水稻：rice.早稻：early(ason)rice.中稻：middle-ason

rice;mi-laterice.晚稻：laterice.播种：soweds.拔秧：pullupedlings.插秧：

transplantriceedlings.施肥：spreadmanure;applyfertilizer.灌溉：irrigate.除草：

removeweeds.除草剂：weedkiller.杀虫剂：incticide;pesticide.农药：farm

chemical;pesticide.打农药：applyfarmchemical.农业税：agriculturaltax.田塍/

田埂：ridge;alowbankofearthbetweenfields.梯田：terrace;terracedfields.收割：

reap;harvest.水稻插秧机：ricetransplanter.农作物/庄稼：crops.小麦：wheat.玉

米：corn.高粱：kaoliang;Chinesorghum.大豆：soybean;Soyabean.油菜：rape.

花生：peanut.蕃薯；sweetpotato.芋头：taro.西瓜：watermelon.向日葵：sunflower.

蔬菜：vegetable.姜：ginger.韭菜：fragrant-floweredgarlic;chives.大蒜：

一头大蒜：aheadofgarlic).葱：onion.芹菜：celery.香菜/芫荽：coriander.萝

卜：radish.胡萝卜：carrot.冬瓜：waxgourd;whitegourd.南瓜：pumpkin.丝瓜：

towelgourd;dishclothgourd.包菜：cabbage.白菜：Chinecabbage.茄子：

eggplant.辣椒：chili.胡椒：pepper.辣椒粉：chilipowder.豆角：freshkidneybeans.

花菜：cauliflower.菜瓜：snakemelon.豆芽：beansprouts.西红柿/蕃茄：tomato.

马铃薯/山药蛋：potato.藕：lotusroot.香菇：mushroom.水果：fruit.香蕉：banana.

苹果：apple.桃子：peach.李子/梅子：plum.梨：pear.桔子：orange.脐橙：navel

orange.菠萝：pineapple.草莓：strawberry.枇杷：loquat.杨梅：redbayberry.柠

檬：lemon.樱桃：cherry.葡萄：grape.石榴：pomegranate.橘子：tangerine.山

楂：Chinehawthorn.荔枝：litchi.酸枣：wildjujube.家禽：birds.家畜：domestic

animal;livestock.鸡：chicken.公鸡：cock.母鸡：hen.小鸡：chick;chicken.鸭：

duck.雄鸭：drake.雌鸭：duck.小鸭：duckling.鸭蛋：duck’gg.鹅：goo(pl.

gee).猫：cat.狗：dog.母狗：bitch.狗窝：kennel.猎狗/猎犬：huntingdog;hound.

猪：pig.公猪：boar.母猪：sow.小猪：pigling;piglet.路的成语 野猪：wildboar.羊：sheep

().公羊：ram.母羊：ewe.羊羔：lamb.羊毛：wool（e.g.羊毛衫：woolen

sweater）.山羊：goat.公山羊：he-goat;billygoat.母山羊：she-goat;nannygoat.

牛：ox;cattle.公牛：bull.母牛：cow.小牛：calf.马：hor.马厩：stable.马

车：cart母马：femalehor;mare.奶牛：milkcow.牦牛：yak.工具：tool;

implement;means.镰刀：sickle.斧头：axe.锄头：pickaxe;hoe.犁：plough.耙：

rake.犁头：ploughshare.犁壁：ploughsole;ploughpan.耕牛：farmcattle.耕地

(v.)：ploughtheland.斗笠：bamboohat.草帽：strawhat.伞：umbrella.箩（筐）：

bamboobasket.扁担：carryingpole;shoulderpole.粪筐/粪箕：manurebasket.铁

桶：metalpail.水桶：bucket;pail.铁锹：spade.钳子：handvice.铁锤：ironhammer.

螺丝起子：screwdriver.锯子(n.＆vt.)：saw.钢锯：hacksaw.手电筒：torch.扳

手：adjustable.拖把：mop.扫把/扫帚：broom.漏斗：funnel.脸盆：washbasin.脸

帕/毛巾：towel.

⑸教育及其相关事物词汇(Educationandrelevantthings.)

幼儿园：kindergarten;nurryschool;infantschool.学前教育：preschooleducation;

infantschooleducation.老师/教师：teacher.学生：student.小学：primaryschool.

小学生：pupil.年级：grade.班级：class中学：middleschool(初中：juniormiddle

school.高中：niormiddleschool).中学生：middlesch口才的魅力 oolstudent.高考：College

EntranceExamination.大学：college;university.大学生：collegestudent;university

student.研究生院：graduateschool.研究生：postgraduate.毕业：graduate.毕业

证书：graduationcertificate.文凭：diploma.班长：monitor.班主任：headteacher.

（小学、中学）校长：headmaster.（大学）校长：chancellor;president.主任：

director.语文：Chine.数学：mathematics;math.英语：English.政治：politics.

历史：history.地理：geography.物理：physics.化学：chemistry.生物：biology.

体育：P.E.(=physicaleducation).同班同学：classmates.室友（同寝室的人）：

roommates.同桌：partner.朋友：friend.学生证：student’sidentitycard.学期：

term;mester.奖学金：scholarship.奖励：reward;award;encourageandreward.

精神奖励：moralencouragement.物质奖巧克力的品牌 励：materialreward.奖状：certificateof

merit.奖品：prize;award;trophy.笔：pen.圆珠笔：ball-pointpen;ballpen.钢笔：

pen.铅笔：pencil.铅笔盒：pencil-box.毛笔：writingbrush.卷笔刀：pencil

sharpener.橡皮擦：erar;rubber.尺子：ruler.量角器：protractor.温度计：

thermograph.指南针：compass.圆规：compass.水彩颜料：watercolors.墨水：

ink.纸：paper.(e.g.一张纸：apieceofpaper).砚：inkstone;inkslab.笔记本：

notebook.书包：schoolbag.书：book.书呆子：bookworm.黑板：blackboard.粉

笔：chalk.作业：homework;assignment.作业本/练习本：exerci-book.改作业：

correctstudents’papers.课本：textbook.课程：cour.课文：text.段/段落：

paragraph.作文/文章：essay;article.句子：ntence.词/单词：word.词组：

expression;phra.课外活动：extracurricularactivities.课间：break.考试：

examination;exam;test.期中考试：mid-termexam.期末考试：finalexam.试卷：

examinationpaper;testpaper;paper.学校：school.校门：schoolgate.教室：

classroom.讲台：platform.讲台桌：teacher’sdesk.课桌：desk.凳子：stool.长

凳：bench.椅子：chair.寝室：dormitory;dorm.锁(n＆vt.)：lock.钥匙：key.牙

膏：toothpaste.牙刷：toothbrush.茶缸：mug.操场：playground.体育场：stadium.

游泳：swimming.摔跤：wrestling.单杠：horizontalbar.双杠：parallelbars.举

重：weightlifting.滑雪：skiing.跳水：diving.跨栏：hurdlerace.掷标枪：javelin

throw.篮球：basketball.篮球场：basketballcourt.足球：football.足球场：football

pool.排球：volleyball.网球：tennis.网球场：tenniscourt.羽毛球：badminton.乒

乓球：ping-pong;table-tennis.跑步：running.跳高：highjump.跳远：longjump.

拳击：boxing.水球：waterpolo.射击：shooting.平衡木：balancebeam.运动会：

sportsmeeting.奥林匹克运会（奥运会）：theOlympicGames.吉祥物：mascot.运

动员：athlete;sportsman.教练员：coach.裁判员：referee.冠军：champion.亚

军：runner-up;condplace.金牌：goldmedal.银牌：silvermedal.铜牌：bronze

medal.交通工具：meansoftransportation;vehicle.自行车：bicycle;bike.校车：

schoolbus.三轮车：tricycle.三轮摩托车：motortricycle.摩托车：motorbike;

motorcycle;motorbicycle.卡车：lorry,truck.班车：regularbus.公共汽车：bus.汽

车：car;automobile.汽车站：busstation;busstop.火车：train.火车站：railway

station.飞机：plain;airplane;aeroplane;aircraft.飞机场：airport;airfield.轮船：

ship.码头：port.小船/小舟：asmallboat.帆船：sailboat.军舰/战舰：warship.

⑹家庭成员词汇(Familymembers)

祖父母：grandparents.爷爷：grandfather;grandpa.奶奶：grandmother;grandma.外

公：(maternal)grandfather.外婆：(maternal)grandmother.姨/姑/婶/舅母/伯母：aunt.

姨夫/姑夫/叔/舅舅/伯父：uncle.父母亲：parents.爸爸：father;dad;pa;daddy.妈

妈：mother;mum;ma;mummy.姐姐/妹妹：sister.哥哥/弟弟：brother.表兄弟/

表姐妹：cousin.丈夫：husband.妻子：wife.女儿：daughter.女婿：son-in-law.

儿子：son.媳妇：daughter-in-law.孙子：grandson.孙女：granddaughter.侄子：

nephew.侄女：niece.岳父：wife’sfather;father-in-law.岳母：wife’smother;

mother-in-law.公公：husband’sfather;father-in-law.婆婆：husband’smother;

mother-in-law.