六级改革

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷223(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：gComprehension

PartIIIReadingComprehension

SectionC

Asanyonewhohastriedtoloweightknows,realisticgoal-tting

’spartiallybecauitappearspeoplewhot

realisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievetho

’sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentially

persrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-tting

prevalentinindustriesandbusinessupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,

yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittlerearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeof

ttinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical(不道

德的)behavioringeneral.“Goalsarewidelyudandpromotedashavingreally

,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmore

effortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengagein

unethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn’s

WhartonSchool.“Itturnsoutthere’snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal—

youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycas,goalshave

economicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.”AprimeexampleSchweitzer

andhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,where

managersudfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenue

blem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.

Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompel

themtolie,sthecaintheearly1990swhenSearsimpoda

ptedemployeestooverchargeforworkand

tzerconcedes

hisrearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemany

tesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam’su

ofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-ttingis

uttal(反驳)paper,ockewrites:”

zationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocudon

theirdesiredendresultsanymoretha心理学书 nanindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalsto

provideanofpurpo.“ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausal

evidence”linkinggoal-ttingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelp

spotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegative

effectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays.

“wouldbeto

combinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesure

thegoalsthatyouuaregoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmthe

organization,”Schweitzersays.

1．Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-tting?

A．Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.

B．Thegoalincreapeople’sworkefficiency.

C．Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.

D．Thegoalsmostpeopletareunrealistic.

正确答案：A

解析：试题问的是作者试图传达与目标设定相关的什么信息。文章开头第一

段说到了设定目标的好处，第二段进行转折，因为用到了however，这表示本文

作者写作的目的在转折词的后面，即：目标设定的潜在弊端并未被人们了解。知

识模块：仔细阅读

2．WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleof

Enron?

A．Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.

B．Businessarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutttingrealisticgoals.

C．Financialincentivensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.

D．Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干中的theexampleofEnron将本题定位到第六段第一句话。

题目问的是MauriceSchweitzer引用安然的例子是要说明什么?本文第六段的

第一句话提到了这个例子，它要说明的问题应当到上文中去寻找，即上一段的最

后一句话。知识模块：仔细阅读

3．HowdidSears’goal-ttingaffectitmployees?

A．Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreatheirsales.

B．Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers.

C．Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.

D．Theyimprovedtheircustomerrviceonacompanywidebasis.

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干中的Sears将本题定位到第七段。本段的第二句话说，他

们把销售额强加给汽车修理人员，后面的一句话表明了这样做的后果：公司上下

普遍存在收费过高、追加不必要的维修项目等。因此选项C“采取不道德的作法

提高销售额”是正确答案。知识模块：相字组词 仔细阅读

4．Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-ttingthinkofSchweitzer’srearch?

A．Itsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalvalue.

B．Itexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-tting.

C．Itsconclusionisnotbadonsolidscientificevidence.

D．Itrunscountertotheexistingliteratureonthesubject.

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干中的advocates将本题定位到第八段第二句话。这句话的意

思是，他们反对Schweitzer及其团队使用新闻报道作为证据来支持自己的结论。

因此选项C是正确答案。知识模块：仔细阅读

5．WhatisSchweitzer’scontentionagainstEdwinLocke?

A．Thelinkbetweengoal-ttingandharmfulbehaviordervesfurtherstudy.

B．Goal-ttinghasbecometoodeep-rootedincorporateculture.

C．Thepositiveeffectsofgoal-ttingoutweighitsnegativeeffects.

D．Studyinggoal-ttingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinesspractices.

正确答案：A

解析：根据题干中的EdwinLocke将本题定位到第九、十段。第九段提出

了EdwinLocke的观点，他认为目标设定不会消失。第十段以but开头，表明

Schweitzer持有不同的观点，因此这里应当是本题答案出现的地方，即目标设定

与有害行为之间的关联证据需要做进一步的研究。因此选项A是正确答案。知

识模块：仔细阅读

For发财造句 mostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditlfwhatitcouldlearnfromthe

modern,ntheWest’s

overlyindebtedandsluggish(经济滞长的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?

Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnating(停滞不前)underfaulty

r,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsin

the1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.

Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywith

ndianeconomistAmartyaSenhaswilysaid,

“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandof

government”.ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhave

he1980s,Americahas

beenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsand

dismissingtheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldRegan’sideathat“government

isnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.“Ofcour,whenthe

marketscamecrashingdownin2007,itwasdecisivegovernmentinterventionthat

ethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyoppodto“big

government”.IfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemlvesfromtheirantigovernment

doctrine,theywouldbegintoethattheAmerica’

e

consumptiontaxof,say,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethecountry’shuge

gasolinetaxwouldhelp

freeAmericafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreen

ameway,asignificantreductionofwastefulagricultural

rdertotakeadvantageofthe

common-nsolutions,Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirownattachmentto

anpoliticianswillhaveto

developthecouragetofollowwhatistaughtinallAmericanpublic-policyschools;

ountrieshaveembracedthiswisdom,

andhavebuiltsoundlong-termfiscal(财政的)ile,

Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap:thebeliefthatEuropean

governmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasif

theAmericans,whofeltthatthemarketsknewbest,

theEuropeansfailedtoanticipatehowthemarketswouldreacttotheirendless

,theEuropeanUnioniscreatinga$580billionfundtowardoff

llbuytheEUtime,butitwillnotsolvethebloc’slarger

problem.

6．WhathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinChinaandIndia?

A．Copyingwestern-styleeconomicbehavior.

B．Heavyrelianceonthehandofgovernment.

C．Timelyreformofgovernmentatalllevels.

D．Freemarketplusgovernmentintervention.

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干中的ChinaandIndia将本题定位到第二段第二句话。once引

导的状语从句说明了原因，即中国和印度分别在20世纪80年代和90年代推

行自由市场改革。第三句话引出另一个因素，即合理的政府导向，因此正确答案

应当是这两者的结合。知识模块：仔细阅读

7．WhatdoesRonaldReaganmeanbysaying“governmentistheproblem”

(Line5,Para.3)?

A．Manysocialevilsarecaudbywronggovernmentpolicies.

B．Manysocialproblemsarifromgovernment’sinefficiency.

C．Governmentactioniskeytosolvingeconomicproblems.

D．Governmentregulationhinderconomicdevelopment.

正确答案：D

解析：第三段第二句话提到，美国崇尚无约束的自由市场，逐步解散政府的

职能。接着用破折号说明他们遵循的是里根的理念。因此推论出选项D是正确

答案。知识模块：仔细阅读

8．WhatstoppedtheAmericaneconomyfromcollapsingin2007?

A．Self-regulatoryrepairmechanismsofthefreemarket.

B．Cooperationbetweenthegovernmentandbusiness.

C．Abandonmentofbiggovernmentbythepublic.

D．Effectivemeasuresadoptedbythegovernment.

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干中的关键词collapsingin2007将本题定位到第三段倒数第

二句话。hat强调句说明是果断的政府干预拯救了市场，D项中的

effectivemeasures是对原文decisiveinventions的同义替换。知识模块：仔细阅

读

9．Whatistheauthor’ssuggestiontotheAmericanpublicinfaceofthepublic

governmentdeficit?

A．Theyurgethegovernmenttoreviitxistingpublicpolicies.

B．Theydevelopgreenenergytoavoiddependenceonoilimport.

C．Theygiveuptheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.

D．Theyputupwiththeinevitablesharpincreaofdifferenttaxes.

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干中的governmentdeficit将本题定位到第四段第三句话。本

句提到，调整税收可以减少政府赤字，是对第二句话afewnsiblefederal

measures的具体说明。接着第六句话作者用but转折，说明所有这些方案都需

要美国人把更小政府、更少调控的想法放到一边。因此选项C是正确答案。知

识模块：仔细阅读

10．What’stheproblemwiththeEuropeanUnion?

A．Conrvativeideology.

B．Shrinkingmarket.

C．Lackofresources.

D．Excessiveborrowing.

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干中的EuropeanUnion将试题定位到最后一段。最后一段第

一句话提到，欧洲人落入了一个意识形态陷阱：政府总是不停地借贷。很明显选

项D是正确答案。知识模块：仔细阅读

What’stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoa

recentcollegegraduate?China?India?Brazil?Howabouttrade?WhentheCommerce

DepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,it

s,whichsoaredto$200.3

billioninthemonth,

largerthetradedeficit,suchimbalancescontinue,

pessimistssay,re’sanotherwayof

epasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexports

emnottosignaladouble-diprecession—arenewedd南海争端 eclineinthebroadlevelof

economicactivityintheUnitedStates—ing

volumeoftrade—moregoodsandrvicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedState—

iengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,

delivery,andlogistics(物流)

risingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets—whenweimportmore

stuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,sare

risingbecaumoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceand

ingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkin

trade-nsitivebusiness,especiallythothatproducecommoditiesforwhich

globaldemandtstheprice—agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,le

exportsalwaymtolag,iesarebecomingmoreinvolvedinthe

lMotorsllsasmanycarsinChina

hatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelp

GM’sbalancesheet—andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-badexecutivesmore

yisslackdomesticconsumer

ansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.

That’stobeexpected,givenwhatwe’re’sabiggerchallenge.

CanU.S.-badbusiness,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowing

globaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,

eemobvious,butit’snolonger

enoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.

Companiesandindividualswhodon’thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmore

involvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemlves

outofthelion’sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.

11．eficitinJune?

A．Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.

B．ItreflectsAmericans’preferenceforimportedgoods.

C．ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.

D．ItistheresultofAmerica’sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.

正确答案：A

解析：本题是个细节题。根据题干中的pessimists，考生可将答案定位在文

章的第二段。第二段一开始作者提到“贸易逆差”，段末提及悲观人士对这一现

象的看法：万一这种不平衡持续下去，会导致经济增长更加缓慢。所以A为正

确答案。知识模块：仔细阅读

12．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?

A．cread.

B．Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.

C．yisslippingfurtherintorecession.

D．Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandrvices.

正确答案：A

解析：本题是个细节题。根据题干考生可将答案定位在文章的第三段。段中

讲：过去两年，进口、出口数字似乎并没有暗示连续两次下降的经济衰退，却暗

示了经济扩张。选项A中的increa和原文中的expansion表达同样的含义，

意为“经济增长，经济扩张”，所以为正确答案。知识模块：仔细阅读

13．Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?

A．Peoplewhohaveexpertiininternationaltrade.

B．Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.

C．Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandrvices.

D．Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandrvices.

正确答案：B

解析：本题是个建立在细节上的判断题。文章第四段详细讲述了贸易量上升

带来的好处，段末强调了哪些人从中受益最大：贸易增长趋势也是个好消息，尤

其是对全球定价的商品生产商来讲更是如此，这些商品有农作物、采矿、金属、

石油。由此可判断受益最大的是农作物、原材料的生产商，因此B为正确答案。

知识模块：仔细阅读

14．WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?

A．Decreasingproductivity.

B．People’sreluctancetospend.

C．Competitionfromoveras.

D．Slacktradeactivities.

正确答案：B

解析：本题是个建立在细节上的同义替换题。文章第六段提及美国面临的巨

大挑战，原文为：yisslackdomestic

downdebt，savingmore，andspendingmorecarefully.而选项B中的reluctance

tospend意为“不愿意花钱”，和原文含义相同，强调美国国内市场萧条，美国

人在花钱方面很谨慎。所以B为正确答案。知识模块：仔细阅读

15．Whatistheauthor’iesandindividuals?

A．Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.

B．Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.

C．Toincreatheirmarketshareoveras.

D．Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.

正确答案：C

解析：本题是个建立在细节上的推理题。文章第六段段末强调只和国内的邻

居朋友做生意是不够的；文章最后一段作者提出了自己的看法：没有办法出口更

多，没有办法更积极参与到国外市场之中，没有办法在全球贸易中占有一席之地，

那这些公司和个人就把自己挡在了全球经济机会的大门之外。由此可以推断作者

的建议是积极主动地参与到全球市场中，扩大国外市场占有量，因此C为正确

答案。知识模块：仔细阅读

ArecurringcriticismoftheU.K.’suniversityctorisitsperceived

ly,

oitsplaceamong

theworldleadersinstemcellrearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcould

ldtakethisconcernriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthe

r,wedohavetochallengetheunthinking

t

recentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandrearchinstitutionsin

Australia,Canada,hat,from关于梦想的议论文 arelativelyweakstarting

position,dsonmanyindicatorsofcommercialisationactivity.

Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehav风景诗句 e

cesuggeststheU.K.

‘spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.

Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividual

denceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoff

thebackofthepack,

irroredacrossother

.K.,rearchisconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversities

receive75%ameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutions

producingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicen

ectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhasalso

createdadistinctivetofuniversitieswhicharerearch-ledandcommercially

sclearthattheconcentrationofrearchandcommercialisationwork

eobjectiveforuniversitieswhich

universitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocial,economicand

rnforthescaleofinvestment,theyshouldsharetheir

theeconomic

drivenbythenextgenerationofrearch

rethreedozenuniversities

reactivelyengagedinadvancedrearchtrainingand

ewasagreatercoordinationoftechnology

transferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleand

functionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyrolein

nextgrowthcycle.

16．sitiesintermsof

commercialisation?

A．Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.

B．Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.

C．Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.

D．Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.

正确答案：A

解析：本题是个细节题。根据题干可将答案定位在文章的第三段。段中讲：

英国从一个相对来说较弱的起点出发，现在在市场化行为的很多指标上居领先地

位。由此判断A为正确答案。知识模块：仔细阅读

17．sities’

performanceincommercialisation?

A．sitiesinascientificway.

B．Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.

C．Itindicatestheirineffectiveuofgovernmentresources.

D．Itmasksthefatalweaknessofgovernmentpolicy.

正确答案：B

解析：本题是个建立在细节上的同义替换题。根据题干可将答案定位在文章

的第四段，原文为：Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationinthe

performanceofindividualuniversities，其中mask在此处为动词，意为“掩饰，

遮盖”，也就是说，数据并没有反映大学之间的区别，所以B为正确答案。知

识模块：仔细阅读

18．WecaninferfromParagraph5that“policyinterventions”(Line1,Para.4)

refersto_________.

A．concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities

B．governmentaidtonon-rearch-orienteduniversities

C．compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustries

D．fairdistributi学生学期总结 onoffundingforuniversitiesandrearchinstitutions

正确答案：A

解析：本题是个建立在细节上的判断题。文章第四段提及政策的参与，第五

段讲述了政策效果，即“研究很集中：不到25%的大学占有75%的科研基金”。

从25%和75%的数字对比中，可以判断大部分钱投入到极少数大学内。所以

A为正确答案。知识模块：仔细阅读

19．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestrearch-leduniversitiesdo?

A．Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtoprearchinstitutions.

B．Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoshortoffunds.

C．Publicitheirrearchtowininternationalrecognition.

D．Fullyutilitheirrearchtobenefitallctorsofsociety.

正确答案：D

解析：本题是个建立在细节上的推理题。根据题干可将答案定位在文章的第

六段。第六段详细讲述了以科研为主导的大学的核心目标，，让自己的科研优势

带来最大化的利益：社会、经济、环保利益；应该共享自己的专业知识。由此可

以推理，这些大学需要给社会方方面面带来利益，因此D为正确答案。知识模

块：仔细阅读

20．HowcantheuniversityctorplayakeyroleintheU.K.’conomic

growth?

A．Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.

B．Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.

C．Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.

D．Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferrearch.

正确答案：A

解析：本题是个建立在细节上的判断题。根据题干可将答案定位在文章的最

后一段。大学该怎么做才能促进英国经济的发展，文章提到了两方面的内容：科

技转化部门之间，研究生院的投资。由此可以判A为正确答案。知识模块：仔

细阅读