定语从句例句及讲解
定语从句,⼀个简单句跟在⼀名词或代词后(先⾏词)进⾏修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。下⾯是店铺为⼤家提供的定语从句的例句及讲解,内容
如下:
定语从句由关系代词who、whom、who、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导,但须记住:
不能引导定语从句.
2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。
⼀.指⼈的关系代词有who、who、whom、that.试分析:
Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.
MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoparentshavegonetoBeijing.
Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnow
isourheadmaster.)注:
A.指⼈时有时只⽤who不宜⽤that。
1.先⾏词为one、ones或anyone
(1)ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.
(2)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
2.先⾏词为the时
ThewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.
3.在therebe开头的句⼦中
Thereisastudentwhowantstoeyou.
4.⼀个句⼦中带有两个定语从句,其中⼀个定语从句的关系代词是that,另⼀个宜⽤who,以免重复。
Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.
5.在⾮限制性定语从句中
A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan.
B.主句以who开头的句⼦中,只⽤that,不⽤who。
⼆.指物的关系代词有which、who(=ofwhich)、that.试分析:
hebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.
ks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.
thehouinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehouwhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)
ntheroomwhowindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)
注:
A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时,只能⽤whom、which不能⽤who或that.
(1).Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.
(2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.
B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开,在定语从句中其介词不可前置,只能放在其动词之后。
Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?
Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.
Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing’sson.
C.指物时,下列情况下只能⽤that,不宜⽤which。
(1)先⾏词为不定代词,如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。
Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.
Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(2)先⾏词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。
ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.
(3)先⾏词是形容词最⾼级或被最⾼级修饰时。
ThisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatIhaveeveren.
Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.
(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表⽰⼈和物的先⾏词时(先⾏词既有⼈⼜有物),定语从句的关系代词⽤which和who都不合适,只能⽤that。
Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.
Therearesheepandmenthatcanbeenonthehill.
(5)如果先⾏词被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame、any、few、little、no、all、oneof、just修饰时。
Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.
(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,关系代词只⽤that。
Whichisthedictionarythatheudyesterday?
D.只物时,下列情况下只能⽤which,不宜⽤that。
(1)关系代词放在介词之后
Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.
(2)⾮限制性定语从句中
Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.
(3)that,Tho作主语时
ThowhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.
E.先⾏词前有such、thesame、as时,关系代词⽤as,不⽤that,但thesame…as…表⽰同样的,thesame…that…表⽰同⼀的
Heknowsasmanypeopleasareprentatthemeeting.
Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.
三.⽐较When/which、where/which、why.
whichIstillneverforget.
ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.
whichhespentreadingthebooks.
whereIfoundthebook.
whichmakesmachines.
Thisistheplacewhichweoncevisited.
whichIwillneverforget.
whichIamlookingfor.
限制性定语从句与⾮限制性定语从句的区别:
限制性定语从句
⾮限制性定语从句
Allthestudentswhostudyhardhavepasd.努⼒的.学⽣都考试及格了。(只有努⼒的及格了,不努⼒的没及格。)Allthestudents,who
studyhardhavepasd.所有的学⽣都及格了,他们学习努⼒。(没有⼈不及格,这些学⽣都很努⼒。)
从句是先⾏词不可缺少的定语(如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正确。)从句是对先⾏词的附加说明(如去掉,主句意思仍清楚,不受影响。)与
主句关系密切,不⽤逗号与主句关系不⼗分密切,⽤逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时,从句译在先⾏词前,与先⾏词⽤“的”连接译为汉语时,从句放
在主句后⾯关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指⼈)、which(指物)关系代词不⽤that,只⽤who、whom(指⼈)、which(指物)关系代词代替宾语时
可以省略关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which
先研究下⾯两个例句:
○ephantislikeasnake,as/whicheverybodycane.=Averybodycane,thilephantislikeasnake.任何⼈都看得出来,
这头象像条蛇。
○n’tpassthephysicxam,物理考试不及格,这使得他⽗亲很⽣⽓。
这两个例句中,as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表⽰的内容。但有两点不同之处:
1.在形式上as引导的⾮限制性定语从句可位于主句的后⾯,也可位于主句的前⾯;⽽which引导的⾮限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后⾯,不
能位于主句的前⾯。
2.在意义上,as引导的定语从句和主句的关系⼀般为⼀致关系,常译为“正如……”,“就像……”,⽽which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因
果关系,或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此,在意思通顺的情况下,which可代替as,⽽as许多时候不能代替which,如句○2。再
如:
ateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.正如我们所料,他⼜迟到了。/他⼜迟到了这是
我们早就料到的。
eethasn’tbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.街道好多星期没有打扫了,因此整条街很脏。(不⽤as)
ngmancheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraceful.那年轻⼈诈骗了他朋友许多钱财,这是不光彩的。(不⽤as)
xercieveryday,whichhasdonealotofgoodtohishealth.他每天运动,这对他的⾝体很有好处。(不⽤as)
lreadybeenpointedout,Englishisratherdifficultforaforeigner.正如已经指出的那样,对于初学者说,是相当难学的。在
such…as…、thesame…as…、as…、asmany…/muchas…等结构中,as不能⽤which代替。如:
oksasthisaretoodifficultforbeginners.这样的书对于初学的⼈来说是太难了。
=Bookssuchasthisare…
=Bookslikethisare…
nthesamebuildingashe(does).我和他住再同⼀座⼤楼⾥。
sasmanypeopleasareprentatthemeeting.他认识所有到会的⼈。
yweallgotupearlyasusual.那天我们和平时⼀样,都起得很早。
“Oneofthe+复数名词”后⾯定语从句中谓语单复数情况
这⼀结构后⾯的定语从句的谓语动词通常⽤复数形式,跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持⼀致。如:
oneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudyatschool.
oneofthemostwonderfulnovelsthathavebeenpublishedsince1990.
neofthefewpersonswhoknowSpanish.
oneofthemostfamousplaysthatwerewritteninthethirties,
如果oneof+复数名词这⼀结构前⾯带有theonly、thevery之类的限定语,后⾯定语从句的谓语动词则要⽤单数形式,这是因为定语从句在意
义上修饰的是⽽不是那个复数名词。如:
eonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool.(修饰theonlyone)
HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.(修饰theteachers)
theonlyoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.(修饰theonlyone)
Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.(修饰rooms)
as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导⾮限制性定语从句,有时可以互换,但下列情况多⽤as。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句⾸时。Asweallknow,theearthisround.
2.当与such或thesame连⽤时,⼀般⽤as。hesameplanasyou.
3.当从句和主句语义⼀致时,⽤as,反之则⽤which。Shehasmarriedagain,marriedagain,whichwas
unexpected.
在从句中作主语时,后⾯常接⾏为动词的被动语态,如beknown,besaid,bereported等,如从句中⾏为动词是主动语态,⼀般要⽤
which作主语。
Shehasbeenlateagain,aswaxpected.
Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.
【定语从句例句及讲解】
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