英语语法是什么

攻克英语语法、踏上英语学习成功之路

张林峰编著

作为中国人，要学习与我们的母语完全不同的英语，就必须从英语语法入手。

如果将英语比作一座大厦，那么语法就是构成整个大厦的水泥框架，词汇和短

语则是构成墙壁的砖瓦，没有坚实的骨架，大厦是无法建成的。为了我们的英

语大厦更加宏伟，让我们从现在起精心构建它的骨架。

什么是语法？语法就是造句的方法。

学习语法就是为了我们能够造出无数优美、正确的英语句子。

学习英语语法的步骤：

1.九大句子成分和六大基本句型结构；

2.十六种时态及十种被动语态;

3.名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）;

4.定语从句;

5.状语从句；

6.直接引语和间接引语；

7.情态动词；

8.虚拟语气；

9.非谓语动词；

10.强调句；

11.主谓一致；

12.省略句；

13.冠词、名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、介词等的用法。

下面我们一项一项进行学习：

一、九大句子成分

九大句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语（宾语补足语）、

同位语、呼语。（主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补、同、呼）

1.主语：A.在主谓宾结构中，主语是谓语动词动作的发出者；

B.在主系表结构中，主语是系动词之前的部分；

C.在Therebe结构中，主语是系动词be之后的部分。

（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing形式和主语从句

充当）

我是教师。

他们在踢足球。

熊猫是种可爱的动物。

一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。

打篮球是我的爱好。

掌握英语是我今年的目标。

练习弹钢琴每天要花费我一个小时的时间。

他昨天的所作所为令人生气。

Knowledgeispower.

Abeautifulgirltoldmethenews.

Hehelpedmealot.

TomasterEnglishismygoalthisyear.

Practicingplayingthepianotakesmeanhouraday.

Whathedidyesterdaymadehisparentsangry.

2.谓语：在主谓宾结构中，表示主语所发出的动作。(由动词构成，包括16种

时态和10种

被动语态）

我种了一棵树。

他养了一只狗。

一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。

一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。

小红赢了比赛。

我买了本新版英语字典。

我每天练习弹钢琴。

他昨天抓住了一个小偷。

IlikeEnglish.

Shekeepsacutemonkeyasherpet.

Sheloveshim.

Herefudtohelp.

IenjoylearningEnglish.

Idon’tknowwhenyouwillleaveforNewYork.

补充知识：

1）根据动词在句中的功能，可分为四类：

实意动词(NotionalVerb):是具有实际动作意义的词，可以直接跟宾语或加

介词后跟宾

语。

Weworkhard.

Iplayfootballeveryday.

Iboughtabookyesterday.

系动词(LinkVerb):是连接主语和表语以及帮助实意动词构成各种时态及

疑问句、否定

句、被动语态的词。有:be,am,is,are,was,were,being,

been等。

Sheisfive.

WewereinXi’anlastevening.

Thehouhasbeensoldbyitsowner.

Mybikeisbeingrepairedbymyfathernow.

助动词(AuxiliaryVerb):是帮助实意动词构成各种时态及疑问句、否定句

的词。有:do,does,did,have,has,had等。

Shedidn’tdoherhomeworkyesterday.

DoyoulikeEnglish?

Ihavebeenateacherforfifteenyears.

Hadyoufinishedyourhomeworkwhenyourmothergothomelast

evening?

情态动词(ModalVerb):是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态

度或语气的

动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形

构成谓语、否定句及疑问句。有:can(could),

may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare

(dared),shall(should),will(would),had

better,wouldrather等。

Youmustlearnitbyyourlf.

Iwouldratherstayathomethangotothecinema.

Canyouswim?

Shallwehaveapartythisweekend?

WhocanhelpmelearnEnglish?

说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如:

Wearehavingameeting.（having是实义动词）

TheyhavegonetoNewYork.（have是助动词。）

2）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：

及物动词(TransitiveVerb):可以直接跟宾语的动词；

不及物动词(IntransitiveVerb):加了介词之后才能跟宾语的动词。

缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。

Iliveinthisbedroom.不及物动词(vi.)

IstudyEnglishhard.及物动词(vt.)

3.宾语：在主谓宾结构中，谓语动词动作的承受者。

（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing形式和宾语从句充当）

我种了一棵树。

他养了一只狗。

一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。

一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。

小红赢了比赛。

我买了本新版英语字典。

我每天练习弹钢琴。

他昨天抓住了一个小偷。

IlikeEnglish.

Shekeepsacutemonkeyasherpet.

Sheloveshim.

Herefudtohelp.

IenjoylearningEnglish.

IwanttoknowwhenyouwillleaveforNewYork.

宾语可分为四类：

1）动作的承受者——动词宾语：

IlikeChina.（名词）

Hehatesyou.（代词）

Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）

Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.（the+adj.）

Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）

Ihopetoeyouagain.（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）

2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介词宾语：

Areyouafraidofthesnake?

Iaminterestedinthisbook.

3）双宾语——间接宾语（指人或动物）和直接宾语（指物）：

Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.

ShetaughtmeEnglishforthreeyears.

4)it作形式宾语：

IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglish.

ShemakesitaruletoreadEnglisheverymorning.

Wedon’tthinkitpossibletodefeatthem.

4.表语：在主系表结构中，跟在系动词之后对主语进行修饰说明的部分。

（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、

V-ing形

式、过去分词和表语从句充当）

我是学生。

那是一只狗。

失败是成功之母。

她很漂亮。

我很忙。

他们聪明又努力。

我的爱好是打羽毛球。

我想知道的是他怎么英语那么好。

Knowledgeispower.

Sheisahard-workingstudent.

Thepersonthatshewantstomarryishim.

Myaimistogotoafamousuniversity.

MyjobisteachingEnglishtoyoungchildren.

Weareexcited.

WhatIwanttoknowishowhecanlearnEnglishsowell.

补充知识：

1）状态系动词：用来表示主语的状态，只有be,am,is,are,was,

were,being,

been等词，例如：

Heisateacher.

Wearestudents.

Hehasbeenillforthreeyears.

TomisinXi’an.

2）持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有

keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand等词，例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeetings.

Thismatterrestsamystery.

Thevillagestandsatthefootofthehill.

JapanliestotheeastofChina.

3）表像系动词：用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有

em,appear,look等词，例如：

Helookstired.他看起来很累。

Heems(tobe)verysad.他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste等词，例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。

Thisflowersmellsverysweet.这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有

become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run等词，例如：

Hebecamemadafterthat.

Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.

6）终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout等词，表达

"证实"，

"变成"之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfal.

Thearchproveddifficult.

Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

注意：可带名词作表语的系动词be,

become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,

remain,turn等。注意：turn后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。

7）系动词无被动语态：appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,

look,remain,em,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn例如：

Itsoundsgood.

Thedishsmellsdelicious.

Hefellilllastnight.

5.定语：用来修饰或限定一个名词的词、短语或从句。

（由名词、冠词、代词、形容词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和定语

从句充当）

一位男老师将教我们英语。

那是一个宁静的夜晚。

我有很多事情要做。

坐在那里的男孩是我的朋友。

在事故中被压死的狗是他的。

他就是我昨天在公园见到的那个老外。

我昨天丢的笔找到了。

我想上的大学是北大。

Amandoctorwilltakecareofyou.

Thisgirlismybestfriend.

Ihavealotofhomeworktodotoday.

Theboystandingthereismybrother.

Thedogkilledintheaccidentbelongedtomygrandpa.

ThepenwhichIlostyesterdaywasgiventomeasabirthdaygift

bymy

mum.

英语中的定语和汉语中的定语的最大差别在于它所处的位置，汉语中无论是

词、短语或句子作定语时，都放在被修饰词之前，而英语中，只有单个的词

或复合形容词作定语时才放在被修饰词之前，其它情况全部放在被修饰词之

后。英语中的定语种类有十余种，下面我们分类学习：

1）单个的名词、形容词、数词、代词、V-ing、P.P.及复合形容词作定语，

放在被修饰词前。

amandoctorawomanteacheraboystudentababygirl

abeautifulgirlalovelybabyaniceprentan

honestboy

threetoysfivepeopleeightelephantsnine

years

thisbookthopensmybrotheryoursister

boilingwateranexcitinggameaswimmingpoola

readingroom

thesleepingbabyadancingcattheshoutingcrowdthe

cryinggirl

boiledwatertheexcitedaudienceadisappointed

mother

awarm-heartedwelcomeacold-bloodedkillerawhite-haired

woman

2)“什么地方的什么”=the+N.+介词短语

thepictureonthewall墙上的画儿thebirdsinthetree树上的

鸟

thebooksontheshelf架子上的书theholeinthewall墙上的

洞

thecatinthebox盒子里的猫thelampovermyhead我头

顶的灯

thestudentsinourclass我们班的学生

3)“正在做什么的人或物”=the+N+V-ing+(O)+LA+TA

themanstandingthere站在那里的男子

thedogbarkingnow正在吠叫的狗

thegirlsingingonthestage正在舞台上唱歌的女孩

theboyswimmingintheriver正在河里游泳的男孩

4)“正在被怎么样的人或物”=the+N+being+P.P.+LA+TA

thebridgebeingbuiltnow正在被建的桥

themeetingbeingheldnow正在被召开的会议

theboybeingpunishedbyourteacher正在被我们老师惩罚的学生

5)“将要被怎么样的人或物”=the+N+tobe+P.P.+LA+TA

themeetingtobeheldtomorrowmorning明早将要被召开的

会议

thestudenttobenttoAmericabyourschool将被我们学校送往

美国的学生

theschooltobetupinthevillage将被建在这个村子里的

学校

6)“已经被怎么样的人或物”=the+N+P.P.+LA+TA

themankilledintheaccidentlastnight昨晚在事故中被压死的

人

thebridgebuiltlastyear去年被建成的桥

themeetingheldyesterday昨天被召开的会议

7)“穿着什么样衣服的人”=the+N+in+a/an+衣服+LA+TA

themaninablackT-shirt穿着黑色T恤的男子

thegirlinaredmini-skirt穿着红色迷你裙的女孩

themaninasuit穿着西服套装的男子

8)“穿着什么颜色衣服的人”=the+N+in+颜色+LA+TA

themaninblack穿着黑衣的人thegirlinred穿着红色衣服

的女孩

thewomaninblue穿着蓝色衣服的女士theboyingreen穿着绿色

衣服的男孩

9)副词做定语一般后置=the+N+adv.

thestudentshere这里的学生themanoverthere那边的男

子

pasngersaboard车（船、飞机）上的乘客

10)形容词（形容词短语）做后置定语=the+N+adj.+LA+TA

aroomlagreenoughtohold100people大到能容纳100人的房间

abasketfulloffruits装满水果的篮子

aboycleverenoughtospeakthreelanguages聪明到会说三种语言

的男孩

11)“什么什么相同的人或物”=the+N+of+N

agirlofherownage和她年龄相同的女孩

birdsofafeather相同羽毛的鸟

thebottlesofthesameshape相同形状的瓶子

12)“有什么的人或物“=the/a+N+with+N

agirlwithlonghair长发女孩aboywithbigeyes大眼睛的

男孩

13)定语从句=the+N+引导词+从句

TheN(人)+who/that+V+O+LA+TA(人主)

Theteacherwho/thattaughtmeEnglishatthisschoollastyear

Thethiefwho/thatstolemywalletyesterday

TheN(人)+who/that+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA(人主)

Thethiefwho/thatwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday

TheN(人)+(whom/that)+S+V+LA+TA(人宾)

Thegirl(whom/that)Imetintheparkyesterday

Theoldman(whom/that)Ihelpedyesterday

TheN(物)+which/that+V+O+LA+TA(物主)

Thedogwhich/thatbitmeintheparkyesterday

Thehorwhich/thatranawaylastweek

TheN(物)+which/that+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA(物主)

Thedogwhich/thatwaskilledintheaccidentyesterday

TheN(物)+(which/that)+S+V+LA+TA(物宾)

Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterday

Thedog(which/that)Isawyesterday

TheN(人,物)+who+N+V+O+LA+TA(人,物,所属)

Themanwhosonisadoctorinthishospital

Theroomwhodoorisgreen

Such+N+as+S+V+LA+TA

SuchpeopleasIgottoknowinAmericalastyear

SuchbooksasIboughtyesterday

Thesame+N+as+S+V+LA+TA

ThesamebikeasIlostyesterday

So+adj.+a/an+N+as+S+V+LA+TA

Socleveraboyasalltheteacherslike

TheN(时间)+(which/that)+S+V+LA+TA(先行词作宾语)

Theyear(which/that)IspentinAmerica

TheN(时间)+when/介词+which+S+V+O+LA(先行词作状

语)

Theyearwhen/inwhichIstudiedEnglishinAmerica

TheN(地点)+(which/that)+S+V+TA(先行词作宾语)

Themuum(which/that)Ivisitedlastweek

Theschool(which/that)wetupinthevillage

TheN(地点)+where/介词+which+S+V+O+TA(先行词作状语)

Thefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworks

Thefarmwhere/onwhichIworkedlastyear

Thereason+(which/that)+S+V+LA+TA(先行词作宾语)

Thereason(which/that)hemadeup

Thereason(which/that)hetoldme

Thereason+why/forwhich+S+V+O+LA+TA(先行词作状

语)

Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday

Thereasonwhy/forwhichIpunishedyou

6.状语：说明谓语动词动作所处的状态（包括时间、地点、原因、比较、目的、

结果、条件、方式和让步状语）。

（由副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和状语从句充当）

我在那里见到的他。

在一个宁静的夜晚，他们誓血为盟。

由于生病，他没有去上学。

她哼着歌离开了教室。

尽管在下雨，他们继续工作。

即使你给我买票，我也不会跟你去看电影。

为了练习发音，我每天都模仿VOA。

当从山顶看时，我们学校看起来很漂亮。

Imethimthere.

Hestudiesinakeymiddleschool.

TolearnEnglishwell,shetakeverychancetopracticeheroral

English.

Seeingfromthetopofthebuilding,youcanethewholetown.

Seenfromthetopofthebuilding,thetownlooksbeautiful.

Iwashavingdinnerwhenhecametoemelastevening.

7.补语(宾语补足语)：跟在宾语之后对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分。

（由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词）

我们选他当班长。

这场激烈的比赛令所有观众都很兴奋。

母亲每天都让我朗读英语。

他让我们等了两个小时。

毛泽东的逝世令举国哀痛。

老师罚我下蹲两百次。

据预测美国民众将再次选奥巴马为总统。

请让我进去。

Wewillmakehimmonitor.

Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.

Plealetmein.

MymothergetsmetoreadEnglisheverymorning.

Hekeptmewaitingfortwohours.

Thenewsthatourteamhadwonthematchmadeuxcited.

8.同位语：表示同一主体的两个不同的词、短语或从句。

（由名词、名词短语、同位语从句）

我们学生应当努力学习。

我最好的朋友小明将去美国留学。

谁下学期将教我们英语的问题尚未得到答复。

我们队赢了比赛的消息让我们兴奋。

众所周知英语变得越来越重要的事实。

我们明天要考试的消息已经公布了。

我们可以怎样进一步合作的问题将在会议上讨论。

Westudentsshouldstudyhard.

Jack,afriendofmine,hasbeenntabroadtostudybyour

school.

ThefactthatEnglishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantis

knowntoeveryone.

ThequestionwhowillteachusEnglishwillbeanswered

tomorrow.

9.呼语：称呼用语。（如：Sir,YourMajesty,YourHighness,Madam等）。

二、六大基本句型结构

英语的基本句型结构只有三种：1.主谓宾结构；2.主系表结构；e

结构。

主谓宾结构又有可引申出三种：1.主谓状结构；2.主谓+双宾语结构；3.主谓

宾+宾补结构。

1.主谓宾结构：表示主语做什么；

主语+谓语+宾语+方式状语+地点状语+时间状语.

S+V+O+MA+LA+TA.

IreadEnglishintheclassroomeveryday.

Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryevening.

2.主系表结构：表示主语是什么、怎么样、在哪里；

主语+系动词+表语+地点状语+时间状语。

S+LV+P+LA+TA.

Iamastudentinthisschoolnow.

Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.

IwasinBeijinglastSunday.

e结构：表示什么地方有什么；

Therebe+主语+地点状语+时间状语。

Therebe+S+LA+TA.

Thereisabookonthedesknow.

Therewasatreeintheyardtwoyearsago.

4.主语+谓语+(状语).

S+V+（A）.

Shesmiles.

Heislaughingaloud.

5.主语+谓语+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语+地点状语+时间状

语.

S+V+DO+Prep.+IO+LA+TA.

=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+地点状语+时间状语.

S+V+IO+DO+LA+TA.

Sheboughtatieformelastweek.=Sheboughtmeatielastweek.

MarygaveabooktoTomyesterday.=MarygaveTomabook

yesterday.

6.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语+(状语)。

S+V+O+OC+(A).

WemadeTommonitoryesterday.

Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.

Thepainisdrivingmemad.

MymothergetsmetoreadEnglisheveryday.

Heshotthewolfdead.

下面我们学习通过在基本句型中加入定语、各种状语等的方式来造复杂的英

文句子的方法。我们将其称为：积木式造句法。

1.主谓宾结构的句子扩充：

（时间状语）+（前置定语）+主语+（后置定语）+谓语+（前置定语）+

宾语+（后置定语）+（地点状语）+（时间状语）.

Aboymetagirl.

Ahandsomeboymetabeautifulgirl.

AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthat

wasdresdinaredmini-skirt.

AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthat

wasdresdinaredminiskirtintheparkyesterday.

2.主系表结构的句子扩充：

（前置定语）+主语+（后置定语）+系动词+（前置定语）+表语+（后

置定语）+（地点状语）+（时间状语）.

Themanismyteacher.

ThehandsomemanismyEnglishteacher.

Thehandsomemanwhoisstandingtheretalkingwithmymotherismy

Englishteacherthathasbeenteachingmeathishomeforthreeyears.

e结构的句子扩充：

Therebe+(前置定语)+主语+（后置定语）+（地点状语）+（时间状语）.

Thereisabookonthedesk.

ThereisanEnglishbookonthedesk.

ThereisanEnglishbookonChinehistory,whichwaswrittenbya

famousBritish

historian,onthedeskthatstandsnearthewindow.

积木式造句法是英语学习中最简洁明了的造句方法，同学们一定要多加练

习、熟练掌握。通过这种造句方法我们可以造出大量语法正确、意思清楚地句

子，为我们的英语写作打下坚实的基础。

三、16种时态及10种被动语态

时态的概念：时态用来说明一个动作发生地时间或多个动作发生的时间顺序及

所处的状态。时态分为16种主动语态和10种被动语态。主动语态是以动作的

发出者作主语的句子；被动语态是以动作的承受着作主语的句子。下面我们分

开进行学习：

16种时态总表及10种被动语态总表

一般_____时______进行时______完成时_____完成进行时

现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时

过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时

将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时

过去将来一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时

注：加粗的10种时态具有被动语态，其余6种则没有。

字母符号的定义：S主语、V动词原形、V-ing现在分词、V-ed过去式、

P.P.过去分词、O宾语、P表语、A定语、MA方式状语、LA地点状语、LV系

动词、TA时间状语、OA其他状语、TP时间段。

十六种时态的主动语态：

1.一般现在时：以下三种情况使用一般现在时：

1.经常发生的动作；2.习惯性的动作；3.客观事实和真

理。

①主谓宾结构的句子：

a.陈述句肯定句：表示主语经常或习惯于做什么。

S+V+O+MA+LA+TA.

Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryday.

WereadEnglisheveryday.

b.陈述句否定式：表示主语经常或习惯于不做什么。

S+don’t/doesn’t+V+O+MA+LA+TA.

Idon’tbelieveyou.

Wedon’tlikeplayingfootball.

Tomdoesn’tspeakChine.

c.表示“常常，通常”always,often,sometimes,rarely,

frequently,never,

ldom,occasionally,usually,generally…

S+always/often/sometimes…+V+O+MA+LA+TA.

S+is/are/am+always/often/sometimes…+P+LA+TA.

Heoftencomestoeme.

Wesometimesstayuplate.

Myfatherisalwaysbusy.

d.一般疑问句式：表示主语经常或习惯于做什么吗。

Do/Does+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?

Yes,S+do/does./No,S+don’t/doesn’t.

Doyouhavelunchathomeeveryday?

Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.

Doessheplaythepianoatschooleveryday?

Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.

e.选择疑问句式：表示主语经常或习惯于做A还是是做B。

Do/Does+S+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?

Do/Does+S+V+O+MA1orMA2+LA+TA?

Doyouliketeaorcoffee?

Doesyourfriendplayfootballorbasketball?

Doyougotoworkbybusorbybike?

f.反义疑问句式：

S+V+O+MA+LA+TA,don’t/doesn’t+S?

Yes,S+do/does./No,S+don’t/doesn’t.

S+don’t/doesn’t+V+O+MA+LA+TA,do/does+S?

Yes,S+do/does./No,S+don’t/doesn’t.

HecomesfromNorway,doesn’the?

Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.

YoulikeEnglishbest,don’tyou?.

Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.

Yourfatherdoesn’tsmoke,doeshe?

Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.

Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish,doeshe?

Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.

g.特殊疑问句式：提问主语在什么时间、地点、原因、方式等做什

么。

Wh-/How+do/does+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)

Whatdoessheplayatschooleveryday?

Wheredoyouhaveluncheveryday?

h.否定疑问句：（难道）…不…吗？

Isn’t/Aren’t+S+P?

Don’t/Doesn’t+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?

Whydon’t/doesn’t+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?

Whyaren’t/isn’t+S+P?

Whyaren’t/isn’t+there+S+LA+TA?

Isn’tthatyourgirlfriend?

Aren’tyoubusytoday?

Don’tyouknowIloveyousomuch?

Whydon’tyoutellhimthetruth?

Whyisn’tthereabridgeovertheriver?

i.习惯了……

S+be/get/become+udto(doing)+O+LA+TA.

S+be/get/become+accustomedto(doing)+O+LA+

TA.

Heisudtolivingalone.

Hebecomesudtoloneliness.

Heisaccustomedtogettingupearly.

j.祈使句句式：

V+O+LA+TA,plea.

Don’t+V+O+LA+TA,plea.

Openthedoor,plea.

Don’ttellyourmotherIdrankbeerjustnow,plea.

k.祈使句的反义疑问句式：

V+O+LA+TA,will/won’tyou?

Don’t+V+O+LA+TA,willyou?

Let’s+V+O+LA+TA,shallwe?

Letus+V+O+LA+TA,willyou?

Gotothecinemawithmethivening,will/won’tyou?

Don’topenthedoor,willyou?

Let’sgotothecinema,shallwe?

Letushelpthem,willyou?

②主系表结构的句子：

a.陈述句肯定句式：表示主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里。

S+am/is/are+P+LA+TA.

Sheisastudent.

Theyareintelligent.

b.陈述句否定句式：表示主语现在或当前不是什么、不怎么样、不

在哪里。

S+am/is/are+not+P+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+P+LA+TA.

Iamnothappytoday.

Sheisnotathomenow.

Theyaren’tintheclassroomnow.

c.一般疑问句式：提问主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里吗。

Am/Is/Are+S+P+LA+TA?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

Issheastudent?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.

Aretheyintelligent?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.

d.选择疑问句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+P1orP2+LA+TA?

Isyourfatherateacheroradoctor?

AreyourfriendsfromAmericaorEngland?

e.反义疑问句式：

S+am/is/are+P+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+P+LA+TA,am/is/are+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

Youareastudent,aren’tyou?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.

Iamagoodboy,aren’tI?Yes,youare./No,youarenot.

f.特殊疑问句式：提问主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里吗

Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+P+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去

掉哪部分)

Whatisshe?

Howarethey?

g.祈使句句式：

Be+P+LA+TA,plea.

Don’tbe+P+LA+TA,plea.

Becarefulnexttime,plea.

Don’tbelateagain,plea.

h.祈使句的反义疑问句式：

Be+P+LA+TA,will/won’tyou?

Don’tbe+P+LA+TA,willyou?

Bemorecarefulnexttime,will/won’tyou?

Don’tbeangry,willyou?

③Therebe结构的句子：表示现在或当前什么地方有什么。

a.陈述句肯定句式：

Thereis/are+S+LA.

Thereisabookonthedesk.

Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.

b.陈述句否定句式：

Thereis/are+not+any+S+LA.

=Thereisn’t/aren’t+any+S+LA.

Thereisnotanywaterintheglass.

Therearen’tanystudentsintheclassroom.

c.反义疑问句式：

Thereis/are+S+LA,isn’/aren’t+there?

Thereis/are+not+any+S+LA,is/are+there?

=Thereisn’t/aren’t+any+S+LA,is/are+there?

Yes,there+is/are./No,there+isn’t/aren’t.

Therearetwotigersinthezoo,aren’tthere?

Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.

Thereisn’tanywaterinthecup,isthere?

Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.

d.一般疑问句式：

Is/Are+there+S+LA?

Yes,thereis/are./No,thereisn’t/aren’t.

Isthereanappletreeinyouryard?Yes,thereis.

Arethereanyforeignstudentsinyourclass?No,therearen’t.

e.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+is/are+there+S+LA?

Whatisthereonthedesk?

Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?

2.一般过去时：1.表示主语过去经常做什么或习惯于做什么；

2.表示过去某一时间发生某事；

3.表示主语过去是什么、怎么样、在哪里；

4.表示过去什么地方有什么。

①主谓宾结构的句子：表示在过去的某个时间主语做过什么或某事发生

过。

a.陈述句式的肯定句：

S+V-ed+O+LA+TA.

Thehunterkilledawolfintheforestlastnight.

Iwenttothecinemalastevening.

b.陈述句否定句式：

S+didn’t+V+O+LA+TA.

Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.

Wedidn’tplayfootballatschoolyesterdayafternoon.

c.一般疑问句式：

Did+S+V+O+LA+TA?

Yes,S+did./No,S+didn’t.

Didyouehimintheparkyesterdayafternoon?

Yes,Idid.

Didhetellyouthenewsthatwewillhaveathree-dayholiday

nextweek?

No,hedidn’t.

d.选择疑问句式：

Did+S+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?

Did+S+V+O+A1orA2+LA+TA?

Didyourfriendsplayfootballorbasketballyesterday

afternoon?

Didyougotoschoolbybusorbybikethismorning?

e.反义疑问句式：

S+V-ed+O+LA+TA,didn’t+S?

Yes,S+did./No,S+didn’t.

S+didn’t+V+O+LA+TA,did+S?

Yes,S+did./No,S+didn’t.

Youplayedfootballyesterdayafternoon,didn’tyou?

Yes,wedid./No,wedidn’t.

Youdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday,didyou?

Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.

f.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+did+S+V+O+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Who+V-ed+O+LA+TA?（提问主语时）

Whoplayedfootballyesterday?

WhatdidyoudolastSunday?

Wheredidyougolastevening?

HowdidyougotoXi’anyesterday?

g.否定疑问句：（难道）…不…吗？

Wasn’t/Weren’t+S+P+LA+TA?

Didn’t+S+V+O+LA+TA?

Whydidn’t+S+V+O+LA+TA?

Whywasn’t/weren’t+S+P+LA+TA?

Whywasn’t/weren’t+there+S+LA+TA?

Wasn’tthatyourgirlfriendonthebusjustnow?

Weren’tyoubusyyesterday?

Didn’tyouknowthatTomhadstolenyourwatch?

Whydidn’tyoutellhimthetruththen?

Whywasn’tthereabridgeovertherivertwoyearsago?

②主系表结构的句子：表示主语过去是什么、怎么样、在哪里。

a.陈述句肯定式：

S+was/were+P+LA+TA.

Hewasateacherinthisschooltwoyearsago.

Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.

b.陈述句否定式：

S+was/were+not+P+LA+TA.

=S+wasn’t/weren’t+P+LA+TA.

Tomwasn’tapolicemantwoyearsago.

Weweren’tathomelastevening.

Shewasn’tbeautifulwhenshewasyoung.

c.一般疑问句式：

Was/Were+S+P+LA+TA？

Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.

Wassheaworkertwoyearsago?

Washeveryhandsomewhenhewasyoung?

d.选择疑问句式：

Was/Were+S+P1orP2+LA+TA?

S+was/were+P1./S+was/were+P2.

Wasyourfatherateacheroradoctorinthepast?

WereyourfriendsinAmericaorEnglandlastyear?

d.反义疑问句式：

S+was/were+P+LA+TA,wasn’t/weren’t+S?

Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.

S+wasn’t/weren’t+P+LA+TA,was/were+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

YouwereinXi’anyesterday,weren’tyou?

Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.

Hewasagoodboyinthepast,wasn’the?

Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.

e.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+was/were+S+P+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)

Whatwashetwoyearsago?

Wherewereyoulastmonth?

③Therebe结构的句式：表示过去什么地方有什么。

a.陈述句肯定式：

Therewas/were+S+LA+TA.

Therewasatreeinmyyardtwoyearsago.

Therewerewolvesintheforestinthepast.

b.陈述句否定句式：

Therewas/were+not+S+LA+TA.

=Therewasn’t/weren’t+S+LA+TA.

Therewasn’taschoolinthisvillagetenyearsago.

Thereweren’tanystudentsintheclassroomjustnow.

c.一般疑问句式：

Was/Were+there+S+LA+TA?

Yes,therewas/were./No,therewasn’t/weren’t.

Wasthereatempleonthetopofthemountainyearsago?

Weretheremonkeysintheparkinthepast?

d.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+was/were+there+S+LA+TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)

Whatwasthereinmyyardtwoyearsago?

Whereweretheremonkeysinthepast?

e.反义疑问句式：

Therewas/were+S+LA,wasn’/weren’t+there?

Therewas/were+not+any+S+LA,was/were+there?

=Therewasn’t/weren’t+any+S+LA,was/were+there?

Yes,there+was/were./No,there+wasn’t/weren’t.

Thereweretwotreesinyourgardeninthepast,weren’tthere?

Yes,therewere./No,thereweren’t.

Therewasn’tanymoneyinyourpocket,wasthere?

Yes,therewas./No,therewasn’t.

3.一般将来时：

①主谓宾结构的句子：表示主语在将来的某个时间将要做什么。

A.表示按照计划将做某事：

a.陈述句肯定句式：

S+am/is/are+goingto+V+O+LA+TA.

Iamgoingtovisitmyteacheratherhometomorrow.

SheisgoingtostudyinAmericanextyear.

b.陈述句否定句式：

S+am/is/are+not+goingto+V+O+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingto+V+O+LA+TA.

Wearenotgoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.

Sheisn’tgoingtostudyinAmericanextyear.

c.一般疑问句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingto+V+O+LA+TA?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

Areyougoingtohelpustomorrow?

Isshegoingtomarryherboyfriendnextmonth?

d.选择疑问句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingto+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?

Am/Is/Are+S+goingto+V+O+A1orA2+LA+TA?

Areyougoingtoplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthis

afternoon?

AreyougoingtogotoBeijingbyplaneorbytrainnextmonth?

e.反义疑问句式：

S+am/is/are+goingto+V+O+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+

S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingto+V+O+LA+TA,

am/is/are+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

Youaregoingtobuyadictionarythisafternoon,aren’tyou?

Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.

Tomisn’tgoingtogetmarriednextmonth,ishe?

Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.

f.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+goingto+V+O+LA+TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?

Whoisgoingtomarryhernextmonth?

B.表示临时决定做某事：

a.陈述句肯定句式：

S+shall/will+V+O+LA+TA.

Ishallcallhernow.

Theywillleavesoon.

b.陈述句否定句式：

S+shall/willnot+V+O+LA+TA.

Weshallnothaveapartythivening.

Iwillnotgotothecinemawithherthivening.

c.一般疑问句式：

Shall/Will+S+V+O+LA+TA?

Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

Willtheygototheparkthisafternoon?

Willyouhelpcarrythebox?

d.选择疑问句式：

Shall/Will+S+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?

Shall/Will+S+V+O+A1orA2+LA+TA?

Shallweplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthisafternoon?

WillyougotoXi’anbybusorbycartomorrowmorning?

e.反义疑问句式：

S+shall/will+V+O+LA+TA,shan’t/won’t+S?

Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

S+shan’t/won’t+V+O+LA+TA,shall/will+S?

Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

Weshallcleantheclassroomafterclass,shan’twe?

Yes,weshall./No,weshan’t.

TomwillgotoTibettomorrow,won’the?

Yes,hewill./No,shewon’t.

f.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+shall/will+S+V+O+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whowillcleantheclassroomthisafternoon?

Whenwillyougotoehim?

C.表示按照时间表或安排很快就要发生的事情：

a.陈述句肯定式：

S+am/is/areto+V+O+LA+TA.

Theplaneistotakeoffsoon.

Themeetingistostartat2:30.

b.陈述句否定式：

S+am/is/are+notto+V+O+LA+TA.

Thetrainisnottoleaveinfiveminutes.

Thepartyisnottostartsoon.

c.一般疑问句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+to+V+O+LA+TA?

Isthefilmtobeginsoon?

Isthetraintoleaveinfiveminutes?

d.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+to+V+O+LA+TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)

Whenisthetraintoleave?

Whoistoeusoffatthestation?

D.表示即将很快发生的动作：

a.陈述句式：

S+is/are/amaboutto+V+O+LA.

Sheisabouttogiveaspeechtous.

E.具有方向性的动词可以用现在进行时表示将来时：

a.陈述句式：

S+is/are/am+V-ing+O+LA+TA.

Iamcoming.

Theyareleaving.

②主系表结构的句子：表示主语将来将会是什么、怎么样、在哪里。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S+am/is/aregoingtobe+P+LA+TA.

S+shall/willbe+P+LA+TA.

IamgoingtobeadoctorwhenIgrowup.

Mymotherwillbeverybusytomorrow.

TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S+am/is/are+not+goingtobe+P+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+P+LA+TA.

S+shall/will+not+be+P+LA+TA.

=S+shan’t/won’t+be+P+LA+TA.

Mybrotherisnotgoingtobeapolicemanaftergraduation.

Iwon’tbeathometomorrowmorning.

c.一般疑问句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+P+LA+TA?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

Shall/Will+S+be+P+LA+TA?

Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

Areyougoingtobeateacherinthefuture?

Willyoubeathometomorrowevening?

d.选择疑问句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+P1orP2+LA+TA?

Shall/Will+S+be+P1orP2+LA+TA?

Areyougoingtobeateacherorabusinessmaninthefuture?

WillyoubeinXi’anorinYanliangtomorrow?

e.反义疑问句式：

S+am/is/aregoingtobe+P+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

S+shall/willbe+P+LA+TA,shan’t/won’t+S?

Yes,S+shall/wil./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

S+am/is/are+not+goingtobe+P+LA+TA,am/is/are+

S?

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+P+LA+TA,

am/is/are+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

S+shall/will+not+be+P+LA+TA,shall/will+S?

=S+shan’t/won’t+be+P+LA+TA,shall/will+S?

Yes,S+shall/wil./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

Youaregoingtobeateacherinthefuture,aren’tyou?

Sheisnotgoingtobeanuraftergraduation,isshe?

TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow,isn’the?

Youwon’tbeathometomorrowevening,willyou?

f.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtobe+P+LA+TA?

Wh-/How+shall/will+S+be+P+LA+TA?

（提问哪部分就去掉哪部分）

Whatareyougoingtobeinthefuture?

Whereisyourmothergoingtobetomorrow?

Whenwillyoubeatofficetomorrow?

WhywillyoubeinXi’antomorrow?

③Therebe结构的句式：表示将来什么地方将会有什么。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

Thereis/aregoingtobe+S+LA+TA.

Therewillbe+S+LA+TA.

Thereisgoingtobeafootballmatchatourschooltomorrow

afternoon.

Therewillbeaheavyrainthivening.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

Thereis/are+not+goingtobe+S+LA+TA.

=Thereisn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+S+LA+TA.

Therewill+not+be+S+LA+TA.

=Therewon’t+be+S+LA+TA.

Thereisn’tgoingtobeabasketballmatchatourschool

tomorrow.

Therewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthivening.

c.反义疑问句式：

Thereis/aregoingtobe+S+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+there?

Yes,thereis/are./No,thereisn’t/aren’t.

Therewillbe+S+LA+TA,won’tthere?

Yes,therewill./No,therewon’t.

Thereis/are+not+goingtobe+S+LA+TA,is/are+

there?

=Thereisn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+S+LA+TA,is/are+

there?

Yes,thereis/are./No,thereisn’t/aren’t.

Therewill+not+be+S+LA+TA,will+there?

=Therewon’t+be+S+LA+TA,will+there?

Yes,therewill./No,therewon’t.

Thereisgoingtobeameetingthisafternoon,isn’tthere?

Therewillbeatesttomorrowmorning,won’tthere?

Thereisn’tgoingtobeanexcitingmovieonTVthivening,is

there?

Therewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthisafternoon,

willthere?

d.一般疑问句式：

Is/Are+theregoingtobe+S+LA+TA?

Will+therebe+S+LA+TA?

Aretheregoingtobemanypeopleatyourpartythivening?

WilltherebeanAmericanteacheratyourschoolnextterm?

e.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+is/are+thereis/aregoingtobe+S+LA+TA?

Wh-/How+will+therebe+S+LA+TA?（提问哪部分就去掉哪部分）

Howmanyforeignteachersaretheregoingtobeinyour

schoolnextyear?

Howmanypeoplewilltherebeatyourpartythivening?

4.过去将来时：

①主谓宾结构的句子：表示从过去某个时间来看将来某个时间主语将做

某事。通常作宾语从句或构成间接引语。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+would+V+O+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/weregoingto+V+O+

LA+TA.

Ineverthought(that)youwouldbringmeagiftformybirthday.

Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldnot+V+O+LA+TA.

=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldn’t+V+O+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/werenotgoingto+V+O

+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wasn’t/weren’tgoingto+V+

O+LA+TA.

Hesaid(that)hewouldnothelpusthenextday.

Ihadthought(that)hewouldn’ttellmethetruth.

c.一般疑问句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+would+V+O+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+was/weregoingto+V+

O+LA+TA.

Sheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldtakepartinherwedding

onthatSunday.

Hewantedtoknowwhether/ifwewouldhaveapartythatnight.

d.特殊疑问句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+would+V+O+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+was/weregoingto+V+O

+LA+TA.

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Heasked(ourheadteacher)whowouldteachusEnglish

thenextterm.

Iasked(her)howshewouldgototheUSA.

②主系表结构的句子：表示从过某个时间来看将来某个时间主语将是什

么、怎么样、在哪里。通常作宾语从句或构成间接引语。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+would+be+P+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/weregoingto+be+P+

LA+TA.

IneverthoughtthatIwouldbeateacherwhenIgrewup.

HetoldmethathewouldbeinNewYorkthenextmonth.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldnot+be+P+LA+TA.

=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldn’t+be+P+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/werenotgoingto+be+

P+LA+TA.

=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wasn’t/weren’tgoingto+

be+P+LA+TA.

Hesaidthathewouldnotbeathomethenextday.

Ihadthoughtthathewouldn’tbeathomewhenIwenttoe

him.

c.一般疑问句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+would+be+P+LA+

TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+was/weregoingto+be+

P+LA+TA.

Sheasked(me)whetherIwouldbeadoctorafter

graduation.

Hewantedtoknowwhetherwewouldbeathomethatevening.

d.特殊疑问句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+would+be+P+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+was/weregoingto+be+

P+LA+TA.

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Heasked(me)whowouldbeourEnglishteacherthenext

term.

Iasked(her)whereshewouldbethatevening.

③Therebe结构的句子：表示从过某个时间来看将来某个时间什么地

方将会有什么。通常作宾语从句或构成间接引语。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+was/weregoingtobe+S+

LA+TA.

S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+would+be+S+LA+TA.

HetoldmethattherewouldbeafootballmatchonTVthat

evening.

Ineverthoughtthattherewouldbesomanypeopleatherparty.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+was/werenotgoingtobe+

S+LA+TA.

=S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+wasn’t/weren’tgoingtobe

+S+LA+TA.

S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+wouldnot+be+S+LA+

TA.

=S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+wouldn’t+be+S+LA+

TA.

Hesaid(that)therewouldnotbeamovieonTVthatevening.

Ineverthoughtthattherewouldn’tbeanyfoodinmy

refrigerator.

c.一般疑问句式：

S+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+therewas/weregoingtobe+S

+LA+TA.

S+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+there+would+be+S+LA+

TA.

Sheasked(me)whether/iftherewouldbeafootballmatch

atourschoolthatafternoon.

Hewantedtoknowwhether/iftherewouldbeastormthat

evening.

d.特殊疑问句式：

S+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+therewas/weregoingtobe+S+

LA+TA.

S+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+there+would+be+S+LA+TA.

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Heasked(me)howmanypeopletherewouldbeatour

Englishpartythatevening.

Iasked(her)howmanyAmericanstudentstherewouldbein

herclassthenextterm.

5.现在进行时：表示此时此刻或当前一段时间主语正在做某事或某事正在发生。

a.陈述句的肯定式：

S+am/is/are+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

Theyareplayingbasketballhappilyontheplaygroundnow.

MyparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroomnow.

b.陈述句的否定式：

S+am/is/are+not+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

IamnotwatchingTVathomenow.

TheyarenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomnow.

c.反义疑问句式：

S+is/am/are+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+S?

S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,am/is/are

+S?

Yes,S+is/am/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

YourparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroom,aren’tthey?

Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.

Youarenotlearninginyourstudynow,areyou/

Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.

d.一般疑问句式：

Is/Are/Am+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Issheplayingthepianoinherroomnow?

AretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomnow?

e.选择疑问句式：

Is/Are/Am+S+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA+TA?

Is/Are/Am+S+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+MA+LA+TA?

Aretheyplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundnow?

AreyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomenow?

f.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whoissinginginthenextroomnow?

Wherearetheyplayingfootballnow?

g.否定疑问句式：

Why+isn’t/aren’t+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Whyaren’tyousleepingnow?

Whyisn’tshelearningEnglishinherstudynow?

6.过去进行时：表示在过去的某个时间主语正在做某事或某事正在发生。

常用的时间状语有：

atthistimeyesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening;

atthistimelastweek/month/year;atthattime;

atnineo’clockyesterdaymorning;justnow;

fromJunetoAugustlastyear;

when+S+V-ed+O+LA+TA.

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S+was/were+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

IwaswatchingTVatthistimelastevening.

TheywerelearningEnglishwhenIwenttoethem.

b.陈述句的否定式：

S+was/were+not+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

=S+wasn’t/weren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

IwasnotwatchingTVathomeatnineo’clocklastevening.

TheywerenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenIwentto

ethem.

c.反义疑问句式：

S+was/were+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,wasn’t/weren’t+

S?

S+wasn’t/weren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,was/were+

S?

Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.

Yourmotherwascookingsupperwhenyougothome,weren’t

she?

Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.

YouwerenotlearningEnglishinyourstudythen,wereyou?

Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.

d.一般疑问句式：

Was/Were+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.

Wassheplayingthepianoinherroomatthistimelastevening?

Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.

WeretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenyougot

there?

Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.

e.选择疑问句式：

Was/Were+S+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA+TA?

Was/Were+S+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+MA+LA+TA?

Weretheyplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundat

nineo’clockthismorning?

Theywereplayingfootball.

WereyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomewhenyour

mothergothome?

IwaslearningEnglishwhenmymothergothome.

f.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+was/were+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whowassinginginthenextroomjustnow?

Whereweretheyplayingfootballatthistimeyesterday

afternoon?

g.否定疑问句式：

Why+wasn’t/weren’t+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Whyweren’tyousleepingattwelveo’clocklastnight?

Whywasn’tshelearningEnglishinherstudyatthistimelast

evening?

7.将来进行时：表示在将来的某个时间主语将会正在做某事或某事正在发生。

常用的时间状语有：

atthistimetomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening;

atthistimenextweek/month/year;

atnineo’clocktomorrowmorning;

fromJunetoAugustnextyear;

when+S+V+O+LA+TA.

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S+am/is/aregoingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

S+shall/willbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

I’mgoingtobelearningEnglishatthistimetomorrowmorning.

Wewillbehavingapartyatthistimetomorrowevening.

b.陈述句的否定式：

S+am/is/are+not+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA

+TA.

S+shall/willnotbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

=S+shan’t/won’tbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

I’mnotgoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJuneto

Augustnextyear.

Theywillnotbehavingapartyintheclassroomatven

o’clocktomorrowevening.

c.反义疑问句式：

S+am/is/aregoingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,

am/is/are+S?

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+

TA,am/is/are+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

S+shall/willbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,shan’t/won’t+

S?

S+shall/willnotbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,shall/will+

S?

=S+shan’t/won’tbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,shall/will

+S?

Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

Yourmotherisgoingtobecookingsupperwhenyouget

home,isn’tshe?

Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.

Youwillbelearninginyourstudyatnineo’clockthivening,

won’tyou?

Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.

d.一般疑问句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Shall/Will+S+be+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJuneto

Augustnextyear?

Willyoubeplayingbasketballatthistimetomorrowmorning?

e.选择疑问句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA

+TA?

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+

MA+LA+TA?

Shall/Will+S+be+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA+TA?

Shall/Will+S+be+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+MA+LA+

TA?

AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorJapaneatthistime

tomorrowmorning?

AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorwatchingTVathome

thivening.

Willtheybeplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundat

nineo’clocktomorrowmorning?

f.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+

LA+TA?

Wh-/How+shall/will+S+be+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whatareyougoingtobedoingatthistimetomorrow

afternoon?

Wherewillyoubewaitingformethivening?

g.否定疑问句式：

Why+won’t+S+be+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Whywon’tyoubelearningEnglishatnineo’clocktomorrow

morning?

Whywon’ttheybewaitingforusattheschoolgatetomorrow

morning?

8.过去将来进行时：表示从过去某个时间来看将来某个时间主语将会正在做某

事或某事正在发生。通常作宾语从句或构成间接引语。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldbe+V-ing+O+LA+

TA.

HetoldmethathewouldbestudyinginEnglandfromMay

toJulythenextyear.

Theteachersaidthatwewouldbehavingatesttomorrow

morning.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldnotbe+V-ing+O+LA

+TA.

=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldn’tbe+V-ing+O+

LA+TA.

Hesaid(that)hewouldnotbeplayingfootballatschoolthat

afternoon.

Ihadthought(that)hewouldn’tbeattendingthemeetingthat

evening.

c.一般疑问句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+wouldbe+V-ing+O+

LA+TA.

Sheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldbehavingapartythat

Saturdayevening.

Hewantedtoknowwhether/ifwewouldbedoingour

homeworkatnineo’clockthatevening.

d.特殊疑问句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+wouldbe+V-ing+O+LA

+TA.

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Heaskedwhatwewouldbedoingatthattimethenextday.

Hewantedtoknowwhowouldbegivingusaspeechthenext

morning.

9.现在完成时:

①主谓宾结构的句子：表示到目前为止主语已经做过某事或某事已经

发生。

常用的时间状语有：

since2000;for+TP;sofar;uptonow;

since+TP+ago;(ever)since+S+V-ed+O+LA+

TA;

inthepastfewyears;(ever)since+S+was/were+P+

LA+TA;

inthepastthreeyears;

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S+have/has+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA.

Ihavealreadyenthemovie.

Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthepast

fewyears.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S+have/has+not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

=S+haven’t/hasn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

Ihavenotreadthebookcarefullyyet.

Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.

c.反义疑问句式：

S+have/has+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA,

haven’t/hasn’t

+S?

S+have/has+not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,have/has

+S?

=S+haven’t/hasn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,

have/has+S?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

Youhavealreadytoldhimthegoodnews,haven’tyou?

Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.

Tomhasn’tlearnttodriveacaryet,hashe?

Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.

d.一般疑问句式：

Have/Has+S+P.P.+O+LA+TA+yet?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

Haveyoutoldhimthenewsyet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.

HasMaryfinishedherhomeworkyet?Yes,shehas./No,

shehasn’t.

e.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+have/has+S+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whathaveyoudonetomydog?

Whathavehappenedinourschoolinthepastfewyears?

②主系表结构的句子：表示到目前为止主语已经一直是什么、怎么样、

在哪里多

长时间了。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S+have/hasbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+

TA.

Ihavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiveyears.

Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.

Myfatherhasbeenoutfortwohours.

TomhasbeeninChinaforthreeyears.

Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S+have/hasnotbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+

TP+TA.

=S+haven’t/hasn’tbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for

+TP

+TA.

Ihaven’tbeenabigbrotherformanyyears.

Shehasn’tbeenwellforthreedays.

Myfatherhasn’tbeenhomefortwomonths.

Ihaven’tbeenthereforalongtime.

c.反意疑问句式：

S+have/hasbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,haven’t/hasn’t+

S?

S+have/hasnotbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,have/has+

S?

=S+haven’t/hasn’tbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,have/has

+S?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

Youhavebeenabusinessmanforfiveyears,haven’tyou?

Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.

Shehasn’tbeeninChinaforalongtime,hasshe?

Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.

d.一般疑问句式：

Have/Has+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP

+TA?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

HaveyoubeeninChinafortwentyyears?

Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.

Hasyourmotherbeenanurfortwenty-fiveyears?

Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.

e.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/Howhave/has+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+

for

+TP+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whohasbeenaworkerinthisfactoryforthirtyyears?

HowmanyyearshasTombeeninChina?

③Therebe结构的句子：表示到目前为止什么地方已经有过什么或有

什么多长时间了。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

Therehave/hasbeen+S+LA+TA.

TherehavebeengreatchangesinChinasince1978.

TherehasbeenabridgeovertheriversincetheTangDynasty.

Therehavebeenthreeaccidentsinonemonth.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

Therehave/hasnotbeen+S+LA+TA.

=Therehaven’t/hasn’tbeen+S+LA+TA.

Therehasn’tbeenasingledaywhenIdon’tthinkofyousince

youleft.

Therehasn’tbeenmuchprogressinyourEnglishinthepast

fewyears.

Therehaven’tbeenmanybooksonthattopicsince2000.

c.反义疑问句式：

Therehave/hasbeen+S+LA+TA,haven’t/hasn’tthere?

Therehave/hasnotbeen+S+LA+TA,have/hasthere?

=Therehaven’t/hasn’tbeen+S+LA+TA,have/hasthere?

Yes,therehave/has./No,therehaven’t/hasn’t.

Therehasbeenanaccident,hasn'tthere?

Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.

Therehaven’tbeenanychangesinthiscity,havethere?

Yes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.

d.一般疑问句式：

Have/Hastherebeen+S+LA+TA?

Yes,therehave/has./No,therehaven’t/hasn’t.

HastherebeenawomanpresidentinAmericanhistory?

Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.

Havetherebeenalotofchangesinyourcityinthepastfew

years?

Yes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.

e.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+have/hastherebeen+S+LA+TA?

HowmanyUSPresidentshavetherebeeninhistory?

Therehavebeen44menwhorvedasUSPresidentasof

2015.

Howmanymoonlandingshavetherebeeninhumanhistory?

Therehavebeenfourmoonlandingsinhumanhistory.

10.过去完成时：

常用的时间状语有：

bytheendoflastyear/month/week;

when/before+S+V-ed+O+LA+TA;

before2000;

①主谓宾结构的句子：表示在过去某一时间之前主语已经做过某事或某

事已经发生。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S+had+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA.

Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomeworkwhenmymothergot

home.

Tomhadlearnt3000Englishwordsbytheendoflast

month.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S+had+never/not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

=S+hadn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

IhadneverenaforeignerbeforeIleftmyhometownfor

university.

Shehadn’tcookeddinneryetwhenherhusbandgothome.

c.反义疑问句式：

S+had+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA,hadn’t+S?

S+had+never/not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,had+

S?

=S+hadn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,had+S?

Yes,S+had./No,S+hadn’t.

Youhadalreadyenhimbeforetheparty,hadn’tyou?

Yes,Ihad./No,Ihadn’t.

Tomhadn’tlearntChinebeforecomingtoChina,hadhe?

Yes,hehad./No,hehadn’t.

c.一般疑问句式：

Had+S+P.P.+O+LA+TA+yet?

Yes,S+had./No,S+hadn’t.

Hadtheplaystartedwhenyougottothecinema?

Hadtheyleftwhenyougottotheparty?

d.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+had+S+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whathadhappenedwhenyougotthere?

Whohadalreadyleftwhenwegottotheparty?

②主系表结构的句子：表示在过去的某个时间之前主语已经一直是什

么、怎么样、在哪里多长时间了。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S+hadbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.

IhadbeenateacherinthisschoolfornineyearswhenI

resigned.

Hehadbeenillfortwoyearsbeforehedied.

Hehadbeeninthecountysidefortwentyyearsbeforeheleft

forShenzhen.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S+hadnotbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+

TA.

=S+hadn’tbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+

TA.

Hehadn’tbeenwellforalongtimebeforehewasntto

hospital.

Hehadn’tbeenintouchwithusfortwentyyearsbeforethe

reunion.

c.反意疑问句式：

S+hadbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,hadn’t+S?

S+hadnever/notbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,had+S?

=S+hadn’tbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,had+S?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

Shehadbeenillforfiveyearsbeforehedied,hadn’tshe?

Yes,shehad./No,shehadn’t.

d.一般疑问句式：

Had+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA?

Yes,S+had./No,S+hadn’t.

Hadtheybeeninloveforfiveyearsbeforetheygotmarried?

Yes,theyhad./No,theyhadn’t.

Hadyourfatherbeenanengineerfortenyearsbeforehetup

hisownfactory?

Yes,hehad./No,shehadn’t.

e.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/Howhad+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for

+TP+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whohadbeeninthelibrarybeforethemurderhappened?

Howmanyyearshadyoubeenateacherbeforeyouresigned?

③Therebe结构的句子：表示在过去某个时间之前，什么地方已经有

过什么或有什么多长时间了。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

Therehadbeen+S+LA+TA.

Therehadbeenagreatstormbeforetheearthquake.

Therehadbeenanancientbridgeovertheriverbefore

liberation.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

Therehad+never/notbeen+S+LA+TA.

=Therehadn’tbeen+S+LA+TA.

TherehadneverbeenasingledaywhenIdidn’tstudyhard

beforeIwenttocollege.

Therehadn’tbeenmuchprogressinhisEnglishbeforehe

cametoCool&QuickEducationCenter.

Therehadn’tbeenanybooksonthattopicbefore2000.

c.反义疑问句式：

Therehadbeen+S+LA+TA,hadn’tthere?

Therehadnever/notbeen+S+LA+TA,hadthere?

=Therehadn’tbeen+S+LA+TA,hadthere?

Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.

Therehadn’tbeenanychangesinthiscitybefore2000,had

there?

Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.

d.一般疑问句式：

Hadtherebeen+S+LA+TA?

Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.

HadtherebeenablackpresidentinAmericabefore2008?

No,therehadn’sthefirstblackpersontohavebeen

electedUSPresident

HadtherebeenalotofchangesinyourcitybeforeJackWood

becameMayor?

Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.

e.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+hadtherebeen+S+LA+TA?

HowmanyUSPresidentshadtherebeenasof2008?

Therehadbeen43menwhorvedasUSPresidentasof

2008.

Howmanymoonlandingshadtherebeenbefore2000?

Therehadbeenfourmoonlandingsbefore2000.

11.将来完成时：

常用的时间状语有：

bytheendofthisyear/month/week;

bythetime+S+V+O+LA+TA;

when/before+S+V+O+LA+TA;

by+将来的一个时间;

①主谓宾结构的句子：表示到将来某一时间之前主语已经做过某事或某

事已经发

生。

a.陈述句肯定句式：

S+shall/willhave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

S+am/is/aregoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

She'llhavevisitedtencountriesbythetimeshegetsback.

I'llhavefinishedthisprojectbyFriday

Tomwillhavealreadyleftwhenwegetthere.

MarywillhaveleftforAmericabytheendofthisyear.

BynextNovember,Iwillhavereceivedmypromotion.

YouaregoingtohaveperfectedyourEnglishbythetimeyou

comebackfromtheU.S.

Bythetimehegetshome,sheisgoingtohavecleanedthe

entirehou.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S+willnot+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

=S+won’t+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

S+am/is/are+not+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

Marywon’thavefinishedherhomeworkyetwhenwegethome.

Ihopetheywon’thaveleftbythetimewegetthere.

Thefilmwillnothavebegunwhenwegettothecinema.

Iamnotgoingtohavefinishedthistestby3o'clock.

c.反义疑问句式：

S+willhave+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA,won’t+

S?

S+willnothave+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,will+S?

=S+won’thave+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,will+S?

Yes,S+will./No,S+won’t.

S+am/is/are+not+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA,

aren’t/isn’t+S?

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA,

am/isare+S?

Youwillhavealreadyfinishedyourhomeworkbythreeo’clock,

won’tyou?

Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.

Tomwon’thavearrivedyetwhenwegetthere,willhe?

Yes,hewill./No,hewon’t.

Youaregoingtohavevisitedmorethanonehundredcountries

bytheendofthisyear,aren’tyou?

Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.

e.一般疑问句式：

Will+S+have+P.P.+O+LA+TA+yet?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

WillshehavelearnedenoughChinetocommunicatebefore

shemovestoBeijing?

Yes,shewill./No,shewon’t.

IsSusangoingtohavehadmybookforaweekbyMonday?

Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.

f.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+will+S+have/has+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA?

Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtohave+P.P.+O+MA+

LA+TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whatwillyouhavedonebythetimeyourparentsgethome?

Howmanycountriesareyougoingtohavevisitedbythetime

youturn50?

②主系表结构的句子：表示到将来的一个时刻为止，主语已经一直是什

么、怎么样、在哪里多长时间了。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S+willhavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+

TA.

S+am/is/are+goingtohavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+

LA+for+TP+TA.

Iwillhavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiveyearsbytheend

ofthisyear.

HewillhavebeendeadfortwomonthbyJune8.

Mymotherisgoingtohavebeenanurfortwentyyearsby

nextMay.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S+willnothavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP

+TA.

=S+won’thavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP

+TA.

S+am/is/arenotgoingtohavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)

+LA+for+TP+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,

介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.

Iwillnothavebeenaworkerfortwoyearsbytheendofthis

year.

MyfatherisnotgoingtohavebeeninBeijingforthreeweeks

bytheendofthisweek.

c.反意疑问句式：

S+willhavebeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,won’t+S?

S+willnothavebeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,will+S?

=S+won’thavebeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,will+S?

Yes,S+will./No,S+won’t.

Youwillhavebeenabusinessmanforfiveyearsbytheendof

thisyear,won’tyou?

Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.

Sheisn’tgoingtohavebeenwellforthreemonthsbytheendof

July,isshe?

Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.

d.一般疑问句式：

Will+S+have+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP

+TA?

Yes,S+will./No,S+won’t.

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtohave+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)

+LA+for+TP+TA?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

WillyouhavebeeninChinafortwentyyearsbythenendofthis

year?

Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.

Isyourmothergoingtohavebeenanurfortwenty-fiveyears

bynextmonth?

Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.

e.特殊疑问句式：

Wh-/How+will+S+havebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA

+for

+TP+TA?

Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtohavebeen+P(n,

adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whowillhavebeenaworkerinthisfactoryforthirtyyearsby

theendofthisyear?

HowmanyyearsisTomgoingtohavebeeninChinabynext

December?

12.过去将来完成时：

①主谓宾结构的句子：表示从过某个时间来看，到将来某一时间之前主

语已经做过某事或某事已经发生：

a.陈述句肯定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+that+S2+wouldhave+P.P.+O+LA+

TA.

HetoldmethathewouldhaveleftChinabytheendofthat

year.

Shetoldmethatshewouldhavebeenmarriedfortenyears

bythatJune.

b.一般疑问句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+wouldhave+P.P.+O+

LA+TA.

HeaskedmewhetherIwouldhavegonetoAmericabythe

endofthatyear.

IwantedtoknowwhetherhewouldhaveretiredbythatJuly.

c.特殊疑问句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+wouldhave+P.P.+O+LA

+TA.

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

HeaskedmehowlongIwouldhavebeenmarriedbytheendof

thatyear?

HeaskedmewhereIwouldhavegonebythatJuly.

②主系表结构的句子：表示从过去某个时间来看，到将来的一个时刻

为止，主语已经一直是什么、怎么样、在哪里多长时间了。

a.陈述句的肯定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+that+S2+wouldhavebeen+P(n,

adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+that+S2+was/were+goingtohavebeen

+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.

Iwillhavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiveyearsbytheend

ofthisyear.

HewillhavebeendeadfortwomonthbyJune8.

Mymotherisgoingtohavebeenanurfortwentyyearsby

nextMay.

S+am/is/aregoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

She'llhavevisitedtencountriesbythetimeshegetsback.

I'llhavefinishedthisprojectbyFriday

Tomwillhavealreadyleftwhenwegetthere.

MarywillhaveleftforAmericabytheendofthisyear.

BynextNovember,Iwillhavereceivedmypromotion.

YouaregoingtohaveperfectedyourEnglishbythetimeyou

comebackfromtheU.S.

Bythetimehegetshome,sheisgoingtohavecleanedthe

entirehou.

b.陈述句的否定句式：

S+willnot+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

=S+won’t+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

S+am/is/are+not+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

Marywon’thavefinishedherhomeworkyetwhenwegethome.

Ihopetheywon’thaveleftbythetimewegetthere.

Thefilmwillnothavebegunwhenwegettothecinema.

Iamnotgoingtohavefinishedthistestby3o'clock.

F.陈述句式：S+V+(O)+that+S+wouldhave+P.P.+O+LA

+TA.

methathewouldhaveleftChinabytheendofthat

year.

Shetoldmethatshewouldhavebeenmarriedfortenyears

bythatJune.

G.一般疑问句式：S+V+(O)+whether+S+wouldhave+P.P.+O

+LA+TA.

dmewhetherIwouldhavegonetoAmericabythe

endofthatyear.

IwantedtoknowwhetherhewouldhaveretiredbythatJuly.

H.特殊疑问句式：S+V+(O)+wh-/how+S+wouldhave+P.P.+O

+LA+TA.(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

dmehowlongIwouldhavebeenmarriedbytheend

ofthatyear?

HeaskedmewhereIwouldhavegonebythatJuly.

13.现在完成进行时：表示一个动作从过去的某个时间开始一直持续到现在，已

经有多长时间了：

a)陈述句式：S+have/hasbeen+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.

eenteachingEnglishfortenyearsinthisschool.

Shehasbeenplayingthepianofortwohours.

b)一般疑问句式：Have/Has+S+been+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA

+TA?

eybeenplayingbasketballfortwohours?

HasshebeenlearningEnglishfortenyears?

c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+have/has+S+been+V-ing+O+for

+TP+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

beenlearningEnglishfortenyears?

Howlonghavetheybeenplayingbasketball?

14.过去完成进行时：表示一个动作从过去的某个时间开始一直持续到过去的另

外一个时间，已经有多长时间了：

a)陈述句式：S+hadbeen+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.

beenplayingthepianofortwohourswhenher

mothercamehome.

Ihadbeenwaitingfortwohourswhenhecame.

b)一般疑问句式：Had+S+been+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA?

beenwaitingforalongtimewhenhecame?

Hadtheybeenplayingbasketballfortwohourswhenoneof

themgothurt.

c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+had+S+been+V-ing+O+for+TP

+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

beenlearningEnglishfortenyearsbytheendof

lastyear?

Howlonghadyoubeenplayingthepianowhenyourmother

camehome?

15.将来完成进行时：表示到将来的某个时间主语就已经一直做某事多长时间

了：

a)陈述句式：S+willhavebeen+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.

avebeenlearningEnglishfortenyearsbytheendof

thisyear.

Theywillhavebeenworkinginthisschoolforfiveyearsby

nextJune.

b)一般疑问句式：Will+S+willhavebeen+V-ing+O+for+TP

+LA+TA?

uhavebeenplayingfootballfortwohoursby4o’clock?

Willtheyhavebeenlivinghereforthreeyearsbytheendof

thisyear?

c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+wll+S+willhavebeen+V-ing+O

+for+TP+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

gwillyouhavebeenlearningEnglishbytheendof

thisyear?

Whowillhavebeenplayingfootballfortwohoursby4o’clock?

16.过去将来完成进行时：表示从过某个时间来看，到将来的某个时间主语就已

经一直做某事多长时间了：

a)陈述句式：S+V+(O)+that+S+wouldhavebeen+V-ing+O

+for+TP+LA+TA.

methathewouldhavebeenworkinginXi’anforthree

yearsbytheendofthatyear.

Hesaidthathisfatherwouldhavebeenteachinginthe

schoolforthirtyyearsbytheendofthatyear.

b)一般疑问句式：S+V+(O)+whether+S+wouldhavebeen

+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.

dmewhetherIwouldhavebeenwaitingfortwohour

by10o’clock.

ShewantedtoknowwhetherIwouldhavebeenlearning

Englishfortenyearsbytheendofthatyear.

c)特殊疑问句：S+V+(O)+wh-/how+S+wouldhavebeen

+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.

dmehowlongIwouldhavebeenlearningEnglishby

theendofthatyear.

Hewantedtoknowwhowouldhavebeenworkinginthe

factoryfor30yearsbytheendofthatDecember.

十种被动语态：

被动语态是相对于主动语态而言的。主动语态是指动作的发出者作主语的

句子;被动语态是指动作的承受着作主语的句子。即被动语态中的主语就是主动

语态中的宾语。

什么时候使用被动语态？

1、当不知道动作的发出者时；

2、为了强调动作的承受者时。

字母符号的定义：S主语、V动词原形、V-ing现在分词、V-ed过去式、P.P.过

去分词、O宾语、P表语、A定语、LA地点状语、TA时间状语、OA其他状

语、TP时间段、Doer动作发出者。

1.一般现在时：表示某人或某物经常或习惯于被怎么样：

a)陈述句式：S+is/are/am+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

llisplayedallovertheworld.

EnglishistaughtinallthemiddleschoolsinChina.

b)一般疑问句式：Is/Are/Am+S+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA？

putersudinyourEnglishteaching?

IsTomoftenlaughedatbyhisclassmates?

c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+is/are/am+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

ftenpunishedbyyourteacher?

Whatforeignlanguageistaughtinyourschool?

2.一般过去时：表示在过去某个时间某人或某物被怎么样了：

a)陈述句式：S+was/were+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

ttenbyadogintheparkyesterday.

TheDepartmentStorewasburntdownlastnight.

b)一般疑问句式：Was/Were+S+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?

punishedbyhisfatherlastevening?

Wereyoucaughtpickingflowersinthegardenlastweek?

c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+was/were+S+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

caughtstealingbooksinthebookstoreyesterday?

BywhomwasTompunishedyesterday?

3.一般将来时：表示在将来某个时间某人或某物将被怎么样：

a)陈述句式：S+willbe+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

S+am/is/aregoingtobe+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

ryschoolwillbetupinthesmallvillagenextyear.

Anotherbridgewillbebuiltovertheriversoon.

b)一般疑问句式：Will+S+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?

ewlibrarybebuiltinourschoolnextyear?

Willshebentabroadtostudymedicinebyourschoolnext

term?

c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+will+S+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

lbentabroadtostudymedicinebyourschoolnext

term?

Wherewillanewlibrarybebuiltnextyear?

4.一般过去将来时：表示从过某个时间来看，在将来某个时间某人或某物将被

怎么样：

a)陈述句式：S+V-ed+(O)+that+S+would+be+P.P.+by+Doer

+LA+TA.

methathewouldbentabroadtostudymedicineby

ourschoolthenextyear.

Theheadmastertoldusthatanewforeignteacherwouldbe

hiredtoteachinourschoolthenextterm.

b)一般疑问句式：S+V+(O)+whether/if+S+would+be+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA.

dmewhetherTomwouldbentabroadbyour

schoolthenextyear.

Marywantedtoknowwhetherthesportsmeetwouldbeheld

thenextmonth.

c)特殊疑问句式：S+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S+would+be+P.P.+

by

+Doer+LA+TA.

dentswantedtoknowwhowouldbechontoattend

themeetingthenextweek.

Theyaskedmewhenthepartywouldbeheldinhonorofthe

newstudent.

5.现在进行时：表示此时此刻或当前一段时间某人或某物正在被怎么样：

a)陈述句式：S+is/are/am+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

eisbeingbuiltovertheriverbytheconstructionfirm

now.

Mybikeisbeingrepairedbythetechniciannow.

b)一般疑问句式：Is/Are/Am+S+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?

librarybeingbuiltinyourschoolnow?

Aretheybeingpunishedbyyourhead-teachernow?

c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+being+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

eingpunishedbyyourhead-teachernow?

Whatisbeingbuiltinyourschool?

6.过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或一段时间某人或某物正在被怎么样：

a)陈述句式：S+was/were+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

dgewasbeingbuiltbytheconstructionfirmatthistime

lastyear.

Mybikewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.

b)一般疑问句式：Was/Were+S+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?

rhoubeingdecoratedatthistimelastyear.

WasTombeingpunishedbyhisfatherwhenyouwenttoe

himyesterday?

c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+was/were+S+being+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

beingpunishedbyourteacheratthistimeyesterday?

Wherewasanewlibrarybeingbuiltatthistimelastyear?

7.现在完成时：表示到目前为止某人或某物已经被怎么样：

a)陈述句式：S+have/has+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

hasbeensoldbyitsowner.

Hisnewnovelhasbeenpublishedbyafamouspublisher.

b)一般疑问句式：Have/Has+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?

rmotherbeentoldthenews?

Havetheybeenntabroadtostudyphysicsbyyourschool?

c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+have/has+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer

+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

ebeenntabroadtostudyphysicsbyourschool?

Whonovelhasbeenpublishedbythefamouspublisher?

8.过去完成时：表示在过去某一时间之前某人或某物已经被怎么样：

a)陈述句式：S+had+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

nstadiumforthe2008BeijingOlympicshadbeen

completedbytheendof2007.

Manyofhispoemshadbeenpublishedbeforehegraduated

fromuniversity.

b)一般疑问句式：Had+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?

firebeenputoutbeforethefiremenarrived?

Hadtheybeentoldthenewsbeforeitwasofficiallyannounced?

c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+had+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

dbeendonebeforethefiremenarrived?

Whohadbeencaughtbeforethepolicemanarrived?

9.将来完成时：表示到将来的某一时间之前某人或某物已经被怎么样：

a)陈述句式：S+willhave+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

rschoolwillhavebeentupinthevillagebytheend

ofnextyear.

TheywillhavebeenntabroadtolearnEnglishbyourschool

bynextJuly.

b)一般疑问句式：Will+S+have+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?

ewlibraryhavebeenbuiltinourschoolbytheendof

nextyear?

WillyouhavebeennttoAmericabyyourparentsbynext

June?

c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+will+S+have+been+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)

llhavebeenbuiltinourschoolbytheendofnextyear?

HowmanystudentswillhavebeennttoBritainbyyour

schoolbytheendofnextyear?

10.过去将来完成时：表示从过某个时间来看，到将来的某一时间之前某人或

某物已经被怎么样：

a)陈述句式：S+V+(O)+that+S+wouldhave+been+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA.

methathewouldhavebeenntabroadbyhis

parentsbytheendofthatyear.

Iwastoldthatanewlibrarywouldhavebeenbuiltinour

schoolbytheendofthatyear.

b)一般疑问句式：S+V+(O)+whether+S+wouldhave+been

+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

dmewhetheranewbridgewouldhavebeenbuilt

overtheriverbytheendofthenextyear.

Hewantedtoknowwhethermorestudentswouldhavebeen

ntabroadbyourschoolbythenextAugust.

c)特殊疑问句式：S+V+(O)+wh-/how+S+wouldhave+been

+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

kedmewhatwouldhavebeenbuiltinourtownbythe

endofthatyear.

Theywantedtoknowwhowouldhavebeennttostudyin

thatuniversitybytheendofthenextJuly.

被动语态的特例：

1.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动语态表示：

idthat…据说……

Itisreportedthat…据报道……

Itissuppodthat…据推测……

Itishopedthat…希望……

Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……

Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…普遍认为……

Itissuggestedthat…有人建议……

……

idthatheisfamousinhisowncountry.

ItisreportedthatPresidentHuwillvisittheUSAsoon.

ItishopedthatshecanbeadmittedintoPekingUniversity.

ItiswellknownthatJackChenisafamousactionactor.

Itissuggestedthatwe(should)haveapartyonthisweekend.

2.主动形式表示被动的意义：

a)“表示事物形态特征的系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,

em,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+形容词/

名词”构成系表结构：

wersmellssweet.

Thefoodhasgonebad.

Theclothfeelssoft.

Shefellilllastevening.

Thesongsoundsbeautiful.

b)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如：read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,

drive,ll,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink

等：

writessmoothly.

Hisbookllswell.

Themachinerunswell.

Theclotheswasheasily.

Thedoorlockshard.

c)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如：begin,finish,start,open,clo,stop,

end,shut,run,move等：

lishclassfinishedearlytoday.

Thestoreopensat8o’clockinthemorning.

Thefactoryisclosingdown.

Thefilmstartssoon.

d)Need,want,require,worth常用主动语态表示被动语态的意思：

句式结构：S+need/want/require+V-ing

=S+need/want/require+tobe+P.P.

S+is/are+worth+V-ing.

ntsneedwatering.=Theplantsneedtobewatered.

Myshoeswantwashing.=Myshoeswanttobewashed.

Yourbikerequiresrepairing.=Yourbikerequirestobe

repaired.

Thefilmiswortheingtwice.

Thenovelisnotworthreading.

e)“介词in,on,under,beyond等+名词”构成介词短语表示被动意义，

名词前通常无冠词。如：undercontrol,underrepair,underdiscussion,

underconstruction,beyondbelief,beyondone’sreach,beyondour

hope,forsale,inprint,insight,onshow,ontrial,outofsight,outof

fashion等：

isunderrepair.

Hisnewnovelisonsalenow.

Yoursuggestionisunderdiscussionnow.

f)有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动的含义。

句型为：S+be+adj.(easy/hard/difficult/heavy/light

/comfortable/fit/dangerous+to+V+O.

kishardtodo.

Englishisinterestingtolearn.

Sheisdifficulttogetalongwith.

g)在too…to…和enoughtodo结构中，主动句式表被动：

kistooheavytopick.

Thestoryisnotinterestingenoughtopublish.

Thepigisheavyenoughtoll.

h)在“S+have/has+n+to+V”句型中，主动句式表被动：

uchhomeworktodotoday.

Hehasabigfamilytosupport.

+P.P.结构的用法：

a)表示突然、偶然、意外发生的事：

urtwhileplayingfootball.

Mywalletgotstolenyesterday.

b)表示反身行为而不是被动：

enotimetogetchanged.

I’vegottogetdresdbeforetheycome.

c)表示强调：

getinvitedtoherwedding?

Didshegetfiredforleakingthebusinesscretofthe

company?

高考英语动词时态陷阱题总结归纳

1.“I_____histelephonenumber.”“Ihavehisnumber,butI____tobringmy

phonebook.”

,,forgot

,,forget

2.—Oh,I______wherehelives.

—Don’tyoucarryyouraddressbook？

—No,I______tobringit.

,,forgot

,,forget

pedtoeheroffatthestation,butI_____toobusy.

n

avebeen

opedtocatchthe10：20train,but_____itwasgone.

nd

avefound

opedthatyouwouldbeabletovisitus,butyou_____.

’’tC.

needn’othave

antedtocometoehim,butwe____notime.

avehad

pectedtocomeovertoeyoulastnight,butsomeone______and

Icouldn’tgetaway.

led

avecalled

fficaccidentwouldn’thavehappenedyesterday,butthedriver

_______reallycareless.

n

！Just_____atthetime！I_____noideaitwassolate.

,g,,g,have

10.“Yourphonenumberagain？I_____quitecatchit.”“It’s4331577”

’’’’t

11.“MrSmithisn’tcomingtonight.”“Buthe_____.”

mid

12.“Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing！”“Oh,I’mterriblysorry._____.”

A.I’’tnoticing

’’tnotice

13.“Ohit’syou！I________you.”“I’vehadmyhaircut.”

’’trealizedC.

didn’’trecognized

14.“What’shernewtelephonenumber？”“Oh,I_____.”

etting

15.“Sinceyou’veagreedtogo,whyaren’tyougettingready？”“ButI

______thatyouwouldhavemestartatonce.”

’’’’trealized

16.“It’stwelveo’clock,IthinkImustbeoffnow.”“Oh,really？I______itat

all.”

’’trealized

’’trealized

h______abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhetherhe

hasfinishedit.

ting

_______notwhathe_______.

,,,,is

19.“Whatplaceisit？”“Haven’tyoufoundoutwe_____backwherewe

______？”

,en,areC.

are,,hadbeen

’tknowifhe_____ornottomorrow.

ng

’tknowifshe_____,butifshe____Iwillletyouknow.

,me,willcome

,me,comes

22.“When_____hecome？”“Idon’tknow,butwhenhe_____,I’lltellyou.”

,,willcome

,,comes

23.“Whenhe_____isnotknownyet.”“Butwhenhe____,hewillbewarmly

welcomed.”

,me,willcome

,me,comes

dge,which_____1688,needsrepairing.

rom

25.“You’veleftthelighton.”“Oh,soIhave._____andturnitoff.”

A.I’llgoB.I’.I’mgoing

thatlittleboywanderingabout—perhapshe_____hismother.

t

’sgoodthatwe_____totheparkbecauit’sstartedtorain.

’’’’tgoing

3.I_____forfiveminutes；whydon’ttheycome？

en

calling

_____yourturnsoyou’llhavetowait.

d

_____tomovebutarestillconsideringwheretogoto.

ided

ypenonthedeskandnowit’sgone；who_____it？

en

n’tbuyanynewclothesbecauthey_____moneytobuyanew

car.

ing

8.I_____yourlastpoint—couldyousayitagain？

’’tquitecatch

’’tquitecatch

’llneverguesswhoImettoday—myoldteacher！We_____for20

years.

’’’’tmeet

ureI_____herbeforesomewhere.

eet

ven’tarrivedyetbutwe_____thematanymoment.

pect

youmustbemistakenabouteinghimatthetheatre；I’msurehe

_____abroadallweek.

n

dents_______busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe

_______intheoffice.

tten,iting,hasleft

tten,iting,hadleft

tophoneher,butevenasI_____shewasleavingthebuilding.

ning

15.“Isuppoyou_____thatreportyet？”“Ifinishedityesterday,asamatter

offact.”

’’tfinished

’’tfinishing

16.—Didn’ttheguardehimbreakingintothebank？

—No,he_______intheotherdirection.

ing

youpossiblymissthenews？It_______onTValldaylong.

18.“Ithoughtyoumighthavegotdrunk.”“Yes,I______.”

ave

______dosomethingmoreactive？

ayswatching

waysbeenwatching

20.“eallyhard.”“______alot？”

study

tudy

21.“What’syouropiniononthematter,plea？”“Oh,sorry,I_______.”

’’tlistened

’’tlistened

22.“Aha,you’reachainsmoker！”“_______thatbut

you.”

overing

ephone_______threetimesinthelasthour,andeachtimeit

________formyfather.

g;g;was

;nringing;is

eftriedtobreakawayfromthepolicemanwho______him,but

failed.

old

rrivedatthecompany,themanager______,sowehadonlytime

forafewwords.

eaway

tgoneaway

26.“Johntookaphotographofyoujustnow.”“Oh,really？I______.”

’’tknowing

’’tknown

27.“Mikeisnotcomingtothefootballgamethisafternoon.”“It’sashame！He

_______！”

mid

_______abathjustnow.

29.“WasAndrewtherewhenyouarrived？”“Yes,buthe______homesoon

afterwards.”

30.“WhereisMother.”“_______thehouworkall

morning.”

ndoing

ks,________thedictionaries,mustbeputbackwherethey

________.

ed;ude;ing;ing;are

高考英语被动语态陷阱题总结归纳

1.“Doyoulikethematerial？”“Yes,it_____verysoft.”

ehead_____hot.I’mafraidsheisill.

_____verybeautiful.

h_____nice,butthemilk_____sour.

t,t,smellsC.

smells,,smells

ryofhislife_____interesting.

ngry_____thathe_____atall.

,didn’,didn’tsatisfy

,wasn’,wasn’tsatisfied

sident_____acoolreceptionwhenhevisitedLondon.

ngiven

yinthemorning_____tobeasignofbadweather.

otherealoneafterdarkyoumightget_____.

ingandrobbing

tackedandrobbed

antedtoknowwaswhenandwherethemeeting______.

d

eheld

icinesandinstruments______everydaytoextendlife.

ngdeveloped

veloped

12.I’llcomeafterthemeetingiftime______.

mitted

dents_____￡50ayeartocoverthecostofbooksandstationery.

edevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology_______tothe

fieldsofIT.

gintroduced

roduced

15.“Howaboutthedishes,Dear？”“Thebeefdidn’______

toolong.”

ncookedC.

ked

alittlenotebook,inwhich______thenamesandaddressofhis

friends.

itten

17.“Look！Everythinghereisunderconstruction.”“Whatisthesmallbuilding

that______for？”

nbuilt

gbuilt

dsofjobs_______ifthefactoryclos.

yinthemorning______tobeasignofbadweather.

icinesandinstruments______everydaytoextendlife.

ngdevelopedC.

veloped

动词用法与辨析

anttollyourproductyoumust_____it.

ito

erhowmuchyou’velearnedandhowhighastandardofeducation

youhavehad,youmust_______thepeopleheartandsoul.

n

3.I_____youyesterday,butyouweren’tin.

rofherparentswantedherto_____hercousin.

or

I_____you,？

tfor

ingtotherules,studentsmustnot______theirbooksduring

examinations.

7.“ogowithyouthistime.”“Butdoesyourmother

_____youtogo？”

e

_______tomakeheart-feltapologiessoonwewillhavetobringan

actionagainstthem.

ntwocars,notto_____amotorbike.

n

10.“Doyourparentsagreetoyourdoingthat？”“Yes,,they

always______metotrysomethingnew.”

age

yveryonehopesto______goodeducationsoastogetagood

jobinthefuture.

ea

gdarkglasscan_______youreyesfromthesun.

t

asingreatneedofmoney,sohe____$2000forhiscar.

remanykinds_____,butIdon’tknowwhichtobuy.

osing

15.“outyou？”

“Well,few______,I’dsay.”

from

16.“I’dliketobuyanexpensivecamera.”“Well,wehaveveralmodels___.”

from

17.I_____himnottogoabroad,buthewouldn’tlisten.

opersuadeC.

suaded

ecameveraldayslater,shefoundthatallthingsstill_______

whereshehad_______them.

;;;;lain

s_____50eggslastweek,butthisweektheyaren’t_____.

,,,,lying

l______ontheground_____tomethathad_____thepuron

thedesk.

,lay,,lied,,lied,,lied,lain

_____avisittothefactoryandwaswarmly_____bytheworkers

there.

,,welcomedC.

paid,,welcomed

saidthatthefishhismothercookedtasted______.

ll

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

’resobusythatnooneintheofficecan_____foranyotherwork.

ed

rdsthatbook_____oneoftheworstthathe’s_____read.

,,,,never

3.“Didyougetajob？”“No,I______,butit’snou.”

d

4.“DoyouknowthatJack______apostmanforaboutsixyears？”“Yes,I

e.”

n

ngthat______isnotwhetheryoufailornot,butwhetheryoutryor

not.

’dandblackcoloursthat______mevery

well.

7.“Willanotherfiftybeenough？”“Justtwentywill______.”

e,MrCarter—mycretarywill_____youtothedoor.

ndofcancercanbecured,provideditis______early.

n’tenoughbooksforeveryone;someofyouwillhaveto_____.

dhertomarryhimandshe_____him.

tfearswere_____whenIsawwhattheexamquestionswere.

ed

nlooksgoodonpaper,butwillit_____？

’sthematterwiththeradio？Whyisn’tit_____？

ng

employment_____thegovernmentbillionsofpoundsinlosttaxes.

’shardtorescuedrowningpeoplebecauthey_____somuch.

le

ttothestationtomeetherhusband,but_____himinthecrowd.

dwhatwashappeningbecauIwasn’t______verycloly.

ng

endmeapound,itwill_____mehavingtogotothebank.

’t_______yourbreathtryingtopersuadethem;they’llneverlisten.

pentlittletimeonhislessonsthisterm,sohe_____tofailthe

exam.

es

never______anythingifhedoesn’tworkhard.

d

四、名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语及同位语从句）

从句的概念：包含有完整的主谓宾、主系表或therebe结构的句子在复合句中

充当某一句子成分时被称作从句。充当什么成分就称作什么从句。

1.主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句.

a)陈述句变为主语从句：在陈述句前加上无意义的引导词that：

句式结构：That+陈述句+V+O+LA+TA.

ealotofmistakesintheexam.(陈述句)

Thatshemadealotofmistakesintheexammakesour

teacherangry.

TomisfromEngland.(陈述句)

ThatTomisfromEnglandisknowntousall.

Therewasonceatreeintheyard.(陈述句)

Thattherewasonceatreeintheyardistrue.

b)一般疑问句变为主语从句：将一般疑问句变为whether/if+S+V+

O+LA+TA的形式。

句式结构：Whether/If+S+V+O+LA+TA+V+O.

haveapartytomorrow?(一般疑问句)

Whetherwewillhaveapartytomorrowhasnotbeen

decidedyet.

Isshesatisfiedwiththeresult?(一般疑问句)

Whethersheissatisfiedwiththeresultisnotkwonyet.

Wasthereonceatemple?(一般疑问句)

WhethertherewasonceatempleiswhatIwanttoknow.

c)特殊疑问句变为主语从句：将特殊疑问句的句式变为陈述句式，即：

Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA.

句式结构：Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA+V+O.

llshegotoBeijing?(特殊疑问句)

WhenshewillgotoBeijinghasnotbeendecidedyet.

Whatdidhedoyesterday?(特殊疑问句)

Whathedidyesterdaymadehisteacherangry.

HowcanyoulearnEnglishsowell?(特殊疑问句)

HowhecanlearnEnglishsowellinterestsusall.

用it作形式主语的主语从句句式结构：

1．Itis+名词+that从句：常用名词有：regret,question,no

wonder,pity,news,honor,fact,duty,等：

itythatshehasmadesuchamistake.

ItisnowondershecanspeaksogoodEnglish.

ItisafactthatshehasgonetoAmerica.

+is+adj.+that从句：常用的形容词有：important,possible,

impossible,necessary,anxious,natural,strange等：

turalthatamother(should)loveherchildren.

Itisimportantthatwe(should)masterEnglish.

Itisnecessarythattheriver(should)beprotectedfrom

pollution.

+不及物动词+that从句：

如：Itemsthat……似乎……

Ithappenedthat……碰巧……

sthattheyhaveknoweachotherforalongtime.

IthappenedthatIhadnomoneyonmethatday.

+P.P.+that从句：

如：Itisreportedthat……

Itissaidthat……

Itispredictedthat……

portedthatJayChowwillcometoourschoolnext

Wednesday.

ItissaidthatwewillhaveanexamonFridayafternoon.

Itispredictedthatourteamwillwinthegame.

n’tmatterhow/whether……:

n’tmatterhowyouwillrealizeyourdream.

Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhecomesornot.

Itdoesn’tmatterwhenyoucanfinishthework.

2.宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的从句：

a)陈述句变为宾语从句：在陈述句前加上无意义的引导词that（that

可省略）：

句式结构：S+V+that+陈述句.

splayingthepiano.(陈述句)

Iknowthatheplaysthepianowell.

TomwenttoBeijingyesterday.(陈述句)

HesaysthatTomwenttoBeijingyesterday.

TherearefiveforeignstudentsinClass5.(陈述句)

Theteachertoldusthattherearefiveforeignstudentsin

Class5.

b)一般疑问句变为宾语从句：将一般疑问句变为whether/if+S+V+

O+LA+TA的形式：

句式结构：S+V+whether/if+S+V+O+LA+TA.

happytoday?(一般疑问句)

Heaskedwhetheryouarehappytoday.

Willyouhaveapartytomorrowevening?(一般疑问句)

Tomaskedwhetheryouwillhaveapartytomorrowevening.

Didyougotothecinemalastevening?(一般疑问句)

Hewantstoknowwhetheryouwenttothecinemalast

evening.

Wasthereatempleinthevillagetenyearsago?

Iwanttoknowwhethertherewasatempleinthevillage

tenyearsago.

c)特殊疑问句变为宾语从句：将特殊疑问句的句式变为陈述句式，即：

Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA.

句式结构：S+V+Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA.

dhetellyoujustnow?(特殊疑问句)

Couldyoutellmewhathetoldyoujustnow.

Wherehasshegone?(特殊疑问句)

Tomwantstoknowwhereshehasgone.

Whenwillyoubeback?(特殊疑问句)

Shewantstoknowwhenyouwillbeback.

3.表语从句：在复合句中充当表语的从句：

a)陈述句变为表语从句：在陈述句前加上无意义的引导词that：

句式结构：S+LV+that+陈述句.

tothecinemalastevening.(陈述句)

Whathetoldmeisthathewenttothecinemalastevening.

Therewasaforeignstudentinhisclasslastterm.(陈述句)

Whathesaidisthattherewasaforeignstudentinhis

classlastterm.

b)一般疑问句变为表语从句：将一般疑问句变为whether/if+S+V+

O+LA+TA的形式：

句式结构：S+LV+whether/if+S+V+O+LA+TA.

oodatEnglish?(一般疑问句)

WhatIwanttoknowiswhethersheisgoodatEnglish.

Willyougototheparkthisafternoon?(一般疑问句)

Whatshewantstoknowiswhetheryouwillgotothepark

thisafternoon.

c)特殊疑问句变为表语从句：将特殊疑问句的句式变为陈述句式，即：

Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA.

句式结构：S+LV+wh-/how+S+V+O+LA+TA.

Igettotherailwaystation?(特殊疑问句)

WhatIwanttoknowishowIcangettotherailwaystation.

Wheredidyoubuythisdictionary?(特殊疑问句)

Whatshewantstoknowiswhereyouboughtthisdictionary.

表语从句的基本句型：

1.S+be+that/wh-/how引导的表语从句：

blemisthatwehavenotenoughtimetodo

Thevillageiswherehewasborn..

Theproblemishowwecanfinishthetaskinsoshortatime.

2.S+连系动词(look,em,spear,……)+that引导的表语从句：

sasifitisgoingtorain.

Itappearstomethattheyhaveallknowntheresult.

Itemsthathewillchangehismind.

Itlooksasifhewereherownfather.

son+is/was+that引导的表语从句，意思是：“原因

是……”：

’sonwasthathe

wasill.

/This/That+is/was+that从句，意思是：“这/那是因为……”：

’sbecauhewas

ill.

/This/That+is/was+why引导的表语从句，意思是：“这/那

是……的原因”：

=This/That+is/was+thereason+why引导的表语从句：

swhyhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.

s

whyhewaslateforschool.

5.同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的从句：后跟同位语从句的常用名词有：

news、fact、opinion、question、suggestion、order、idea等。

a)陈述句变为同位语从句：在陈述句前加上无意义的引导词that：

句式结构：

1.同位语作主语时：N+that+陈述句+V+O+LA+TA.

sthatJayChouwillcometoourschoolisnottrue.

Thefactthathehaswonthefirstprizesurpridusall.

2.同位语作宾语时：S+V+N+that+陈述句.

receivedtheteacher’sorderthatweshouldclean

theclassroomatonce.

Weacceptedhissuggestionthatweshouldhaveaparty

on

theweekend.

b)一般疑问句变为同位语从句：将一般疑问句变为whether/if+S+V

+O+LA+TA的形式：

句式结构：

1.同位语作主语时：N+whether/if+S+V+O+LA+TA+V

+O+LA+TA.

stionwhetherwecanhaveapartyonthe

weekend

hasnotbeenansweredbyourhead-teacheryet.

2.同位语作宾语时：S+V+N+whether/if+S+V+O+LA

+TA.

cherhasn’tanswerourquestionwhetherwecan

haveapartyontheweekendyet.

c)特殊疑问句变为同位语从句：将特殊疑问句变为wh-/how+S+V+

O+LA+TA的形式：

句子结构：

1.同位语作主语时：N+wh-/how+S+V+O+LA+TA+V+O

+LA+TA.

stionhowwecangettotherailwaystationwillbe

answeredsoon.

2.同位语作宾语时：S+V+N+wh-/how+S+V+O+LA

+TA.

oideawherehehasgone.

高考英语名词性从句陷阱题总结归纳

soangryandspokesofastthatnoneofusunderstood_______hesaidmeant.

at

_______hadhappenedhecouldnotcontinuetoworkthere.

tedto______lookedlikeatombandsaid,“Ghost.”

4.“Is______youwanttosay？”askedtheteacher.

l

5.“When______leaveforJapan？”“When______leaveforJapaniskeptcret.”

ll,ey,theywill

ll,ey,willthey

owsif_______thatboy,butif_______him,herparentswillbedisappointed.

lmarry,ries,shemarries

lmarry,ries,shewillmarry

7.“Where_______gotowork？”“Where_______gotoworkisnotknown.”

l,e,shallwe

e,l,shallwe

ee______.

s

’tyouknow,mydearfriend,______itisyourmoneynotyouthatsheloves？

neknows,perhapxceptyou,_______yourgirl-friendisacheat.

,thoughIcouldbemistaken,______shelikedme.

methenews,believeitornot,______hehadearned$1000inasingleday.

e

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

sttheirwayintheforest,and_______mademattersworwasthatnightbegantofall.

ceisakindofquality—andthatis______ittakestodoanythingwell.

ometomynotice_______someofyouhavemisdclass.

4.“Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice？”“___Iwaslastnight.”

ylifegiveshimpeaceandquiet,whichis______hecan’tenjoywhilelivinginbigcities.

ettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandoutthe

atmospheretoday.

7._______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestin

herlessons.

;;;;that

8._______wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.

r

haveheard_______thePresidenthassaid;theyarewaitingtoe_______hewill

do.

,,,,what

uanswerquestionsinajobinterview,plearememberthegoldenrule：Alwaysgive

themonkeyexactly_______hewants.

ildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_______Icantosavethem.

ver

12._______shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.

e

______cakeyoulikeandleavetheothersfor______comesinlate.

,,whoever

ver,,whoever

itheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.

’’swhy

’’sbecau

15.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.

r

16._______medicineworksinahumanbodyisaquestion_______noteveryonecan

understandfully.

;;;;that

五、定语从句

什么是定语从句？在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句。

与定语从句有关的概念

1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词；

2.引导词：连接先行词与定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词：that、which、who、whom、who、as；

关系副词：when、where、why。

3.限制性定语从句：定语从句与先行词关系紧密、不可或缺，如果去掉会

影响整句意思的表达，先行词与定语从句间不可用

逗号分开。

4.非限制性定语从句：定语从句与先行词关系不十分紧密，只对现行做些

附加的说明，即使去掉也不影响整句意思的表达。

先行词与定语从句常用逗号隔开，不能用that引导。

关系代词的用法详述：

引导的定语从句：【人、物、主、宾】

that引导的定语从句先行词既可以是人也可以是物，既可以作从句中

动词的主语，也可以作从句中动词的宾语。(注：所有的包含定语从句

的复合句都是由两个或两个以上的简单句构成的)

先行词作从句中动词的宾语时，that可省略。

thatisstandingoverthereismyEnglishteacher.

（人、主）

→ThemanismyEnglishteacher.

Themanisstandingthere.

ThedogthatbitmeyesterdaybelongstoTom.(物、主)

→ThedogbelongstoTom.

Thedogbitmeyesterday.

Thegirl(that)youmetintheparkyesterdayismysister.(人、

宾)

→Thegirlismysister.

Youmetthegirlintheparkyesterday.

Thebook(that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(物、宾)

→Thebookisveryinteresting.

Iboughtthebookyesterday.

引导的定语从句：【物、主、宾】

which引导的定语从句先行词只能是物，但既可以作从句中动词的主

语，也可以作从句中动词的宾语。

先行词作从句中动词的宾语时，which可省略。

tedsometreeswhichdonotneedmuchwater.(物、

主)

→Weplantedsometrees.

Thetreesdonotneedmuchwater.

Thefish(which)shegavemejustnowisnotfresh.(物、宾)

→Thefishisnotfresh.

Shegavemethefishjustnow.

which引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代替整个主句或主句的一部分内

容：

ughtanewhou,whichislocatedattheaside.

Thefilm,Hero,whichwasdirectedbyZhangYimou,wasa

success.

Hewasntencedtodeathlastweek,whichsurpridusall.

Ifailedintheexamagain,whichmadeourteacherveryangry.

引导的定语从句：【人、主】

who引导的定语从句先行词只能是人，只可以作从句中动词的主语。

eignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfrom

Canada.(人、主)

→TheforeignerisfromCanada.

Theforeignervisitedourschoolyesterday.

TheEnglishteacherwhotaughtmeforthreeyearshasgoneto

America.

→TheEnglishteacherhasgonetoAmerica.

TheEnglishteachertaughtmeforthreeyears.

引导的定语从句：【人、宾】

whom引导的定语从句先行词只能是人，只可以作从句中动词的宾语。

anwhommyfatheristalkingtoisourhead-teacher.

（人、宾）

→Thewomanisourhead-teacher.

Myfatheristalkingtothewoman.

Inthedarkstreet,therewasnoonetowhomshecouldturn

forhelp.(人、宾)

→Inthedarkstreet,therewasnoone.

Shecouldturntonooneforhelp.

引导的定语从句：【人、物、所属】

who引导的定语从句先行词既可以是人也可以是物，先行词和

who之后的词构成所属关系。

anwhopurwasstolenbyathiefismyteacher.

(人、所属)

→Thewomanismyteacher.

Thewoman’spurwasstolenbyathief.

Theroomwhowindowfacessouthismine.(物、所属)

→Theroomismine.

Theroom’swindowfacessouth.

who=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of

which/whom

ughtaskirtwhocoloriswhite.

=Lilyboughtaskirtofwhichthecoloriswhite..

=Lilyboughtaskirtthecolorofwhichiswhite.

Thewomanwhodaughterwentabroadlastyearismy

teacher.

=Thewomanofwhomthedaughterwentabroadlastyearis

myteacher.

=Thewoman,thedaughterofwhomwentabroadlastyear,is

myteacher.

引导的定语从句：【人、物、宾、非限制性定语从句】

as可以直接引导非限制性定语从句，也可构成固定短语如：the

same…as…及such…as…。

lknow,Englishiswidelyudallovertheworld.(非限

制性定语从句,“正如……”)

AsIhavetoldyou,heisaliar.(非限制性定语从

句,“正如……”)

Suchpeopleasheknewhelpedhimalot.

I’llbuythesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.

as引导非限制性定语从句的用法：当谓语动词是beannounced/

expected/known/imagined/pointedout/sad/reported/shown等被动形

式（表示“正如……”）或usuallyhappen,beoftentheca等表示主

语的习惯性或司空见惯之意时，常用as:

nnounced,ourwintervacationwillstartonJanuary27th.

Aswaxpected,ourteamwonthematch.

Asusuallyhappen,Tomislateagain.

Asisoftentheca,Mikewasfinedforspeedingagain.

关系副词的用法详述：

=介词+which

当先行词是表示时间的词时，如果它作从句中动词的宾语，引导词用

关系代词which或that或不填；如果它作从句中动词的时间状语，引

导词则用关系副词when或相应的介词+which。

everforgetthedaywhich/that/不填wespenttogether

inBeijing.(先行词作宾语)

→Iwillneverforgettheday.

wespentthedaytogetherinBeijing.(day作spent的宾语)

Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedtheLeague.

(先行词作时间状语)

→Iwillneverforgettheday.

IjoinedtheLeagueontheday.(theday作joinedthe

League的时间状语)

=介词+which

当先行词是表示地点的词时，如果它作从句中动词的宾语，引导词用

关系代词which或that或不填；如果它作从句中动词的地点状语，引

导词则用关系副词where或相应的介词+which。

thefactorythat/which/不填wevisitedlastmonth.

(先行词作宾语)

→Thisisthefactory.

Wevisitedthefactorylastmonth.(factory作visited的宾语)

Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworkedforthirty

years.(先行词作地点状语)

→Thisisthefactory.

Myfatherworkedinthefactoryforthirtyyears.

(factory作worked的地点状语)

=forwhich

当先行词是reason时，如果它作从句中动词的宾语，引导词用关系代

词which或that或不填；如果它作从句中动词的原因状语，引导词则

用关系副词why或forwhich。

thereasonwhich/that/不填heexplainedtome.(先行

词reason作宾语)

→Thisisthereason.

Heexplainedthereasontome.(reason作explained的宾

语)

Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidnotgotoschool

yesterday.(reason作原因状语)

→Thisisthereason.

Hedidnotgotoschoolyesterdayforthereason.

定语从句的注意事项：

1.关于介词提前:

当先行词作从句中动词的宾语，并且从句中动词是带有介词的动词短语

时，该介词可以提前到关系代词who，whom,which之前。

theknifethat/whichhekilledthemanwith.

=Thisistheknifewithwhichhekilledtheman.

Therewasnoonethathecouldturntoforhelp.

=Therewasnoonetowhomhecouldturnforhelp.

2.引导词只能用that的情况：

a)先行词时不定代词或被某些形容词修饰时，此类词有：something,

everything,anything,nothing,all,much,any,few,little,every,no

等。

aveanythingthatyouwanttotellme?

Hegaveallthemoneythathehastohisgranddaughter.

Thereisnoonethathebelievesinthisworld.

Hehasfewfriendsthatwillhelphim.

b)先行词前有最高级，序数词或thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame

等修饰时：

ypersonthatItrustisTom.

TheTitanicisthebestfilmthatIhaveeveren.

MarryisthefirstAmericanthatIhavemadefriendswith.

ThisistheverybookthatIamafter.

SheisthelastgirlthatIwanttomarry.

c)先行词既有人又有物时：

mstarandhisfilmsthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutis

reallyfamous.

Couldyoutellussomethingaboutthepeopleandplaces

thatyouvisitedinBritain?

d)先行词是who或which时：

heboythatisplayingfootballoverthere?

Whichisthebookthatbelongstoyou?

e)在therebe句型中：

sadictionaryonthedeskthatisveryinteresting.

Thereisaboythatwantstoeyouinthehall.

f)介词提前时，不能用that：

theclassroominwhichwearestudying.

ThisistheknifewithwhichIcutthewatermelonwith.

g)在非限制定语从句中，不能使用that：

,whichwasboughtlastmonth,isverynice.

Hefailedintheexamagain,whichmadehismothervery

angry.

高考英语定语从句陷阱题总结归纳

torywasbuiltinacretplace,around______highmountains.

re

daywevisitedamodernhospital,around_______somefruitshops.

e

derhappenedinanoldbuilding,beside______thecitypolice

station.

e

nthwe’llmovetoanewbuilding,nextto_______anicerestaurant

wherewecanhaveChinefood.

e

thableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround

______Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand？”

6._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceevery

month.

7._______isknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonce

everymonth.

8.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinniorschoolis

increasing.

9.______ismentionedabovethatthenumberofthestudentsinniorschool

isincreasing.

ssuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslike.

ssuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslikehim.

otsuchagooddinner_______shehadpromidus.

es,mostof_______werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyan

angrycrowd.

,for_______hepaid$10,000,isnowworth$50,000.

nforest,through_______we’llbedriving,isn’taforestanylonger.

idatnineo’clock,after_______Isatreadingthepaper.

,with_______IplayedtennisonSundays,wasawarm-hearted

person.

s,bothof______workabroad,willcomebackhomethissummer.

efruit-pickers,veralof_______werestilluniversitystudents.

housandsofstudents,manyof______gainedgreatsuccessin

theirownfield.

dalotofquestions,noneof______waasytoanswer.

dalotofquestions,andnoneof______waasytoanswer.

methathehadtwogirl-friends,neitherof_______knewanything

abouttheother.

methathehadtwogirl-friends,andneitherof_______knew

anythingabouttheother.

lotoffriends,onlyafewof______invitedtohiswedding.

tforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______carriedout

intheirwork.

tforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______were

carriedoutintheirwork.

tforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_______were

carriedoutintheirwork.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______

parentsatedtogetherjoking.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______

parentswereatedtogetherjoking.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,and_______

parentswereatedtogetherjoking.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______

parentssittingtogetherjoking.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______

parentssattogetherjoking.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______

parentsweresittingtogetherjoking.

anisonlyinterestedinyourlooks,_____justshowshowshallow

heis.

romitogowithus,_____willbeOK.

antadoubleroom,_____willcostanother￡15.

ryougoornot,_______isquiteallrightwithme.

aytwohours,_____includestimeforeating.

sthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________she’sspentworking

asacretaryinourcompany.

sthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________sheworksasa

cretaryinourcompany.

panywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weboughtlastmonth.

panywillmovetoatallbuilding_______hasjustbeen

completed.

panywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weworkedtwoyears

ago.

heflowersnowraidherehavedevelopedfromtho_______in

theforest.

ewonceC.

ew

fficeIneveremtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm,_____many

peoplehavegonehome.

.

htime

thereason_______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhis

work？

explained

xplained

y,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostour

way.

wasworkingtherehecaughtariousillnessfrom_____efforts

hestillsuffers.

’ssaidthathe’slookingforanewjob,one______hecangetmore

moneytosupporthisfamily.

ivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.

tletimewehavetogetherwe’lltry_____wily.

ngthat

building,behind_______wasafamouschurch,was_______we

udtowork.

,,theplaceC.

which,,where

beshownaroundthecity：schools,muums,andsomeother

places,_______othervisitorsldomgo.

ernhistoryofItalydatesfrom1860,______thecountrybecame

united.

heflowersnowraidherehavedevelopedfromtho_____inthe

forest.

ewonceC.

ew

ldetherunnersverywellfrom______westood.

lyIboughtanancientChineva,_______wasvery

reasonable.

ceofwhich

ceofwho

veyougot_____willhelpacold？

eryangryandIcanstillremembertheway_____hespoketo

me.

nowthemanfrom________houthepictureswerestolen？

inkofmanycas_______studentsobviouslyknewalotof

Englishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.

allthatyouneed？Ifyoumarriedme,I’dgiveyoueverythingyou

_____.

ting

eteacherinthestreetyesterday________taughtmeEnglish

threeyearsago.

’sgothimlfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolo

controlovertheplane.

anotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofgreatimportanceto

science.

thinkitisC.

is

ywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcour,

madetheothersunhappy.

roblemtodayissomewhatsimilarto_____theyfacedmanyyears

ago.

metreestheleavesof_____wereblackwithdia.

ousbasketballer,_______triedtomakeacomeback,attracteda

lotofattention.

eywentintotheshopandaskedtolookattheengagementrings,

thegirlbroughtoutacheaperone,_______shehadarrangedwith

James.

sthatC.

sthat

六、状语从句

什么是状语从句？在复合句中，充当状语的从句。

状语从句共有九类，分别是：

1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句；

4.比较状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.结果状语从句；

7.条件状语从句；8.方式状语从句；9.让步状语从句。

分类学习：

1.时间状语从句：

a)时间状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾。

b)when,while,as可引导时间按状语从句，意为“当……的时候”：

wasyoung,hecouldn’tgotoschool.

Iwashavingdinnerwhenhecametoemelastevening.

Hehurthimlfwhileridinghisbicycle.

AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.

c)until/till是指某一持续性动作持续到某一时间点，终止性动作要用否定

式：Notuntil放在句首时，主句要部分倒装。

dinthevillageuntil/tillhewas20yearsold.

Iwillwaituntil/tillyoucomeback.

Notuntilhewasforty,didmyunclegotmarried.

Notuntileleveno’clockdidwefinishourhomework.

d)表示时间的名词短语也可引导时间状语从句：如：thetime,the

moment,theminute,theday,theyear,thefirsttime,thecond

time,bythetime,eachtime,everytime,nexttime,anytime等：

enthecameoutofthecar,Irecognizedwhohe

was.

IfellinlovewithherthefirsttimeImether.

HeissmilingeverytimeIehim.

Thethiefranawaytheminutehesawthepoliceman.

e)表示“一……就”的短语：如：assoonas,immediately,directly,

instantly,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely/barely…when等：

allyouassoonasIgetthere.

Thebabyburstoutcryingimmediatelyhesawhismother.

Ihadnosoonerenteredmyroomthanthetelephone

rang.

注意：当nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置于句首时，它们之后

要跟过去完成时的倒装句，than和when之后要跟一般过去式：表示

“刚刚……就”。

erhadIenteredmyroomthanthetelephonerang.

HardlyhadIgotoffthebuswhenIstartedtomove.

f)在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过

去将来时：

etyouknowassoonashecomes.

时间状语从句的特例：

a)Itwillbe+一段时间+before+S+V+O…:表示“多久之后……

才……”：

notbelongbeforethetermcomestoanend.

Itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetagain.

b)Itis+一段时间+since+S+V-ed+O…:表示自动作完成时起

就……：

Itwas+一段时间+since+S+had+P.P.+O…:

oyearssinceIsmokedlasttime.我已经不抽烟两年了。

ItwasalongtimesinceIhadhadsomuchfun.我已经很久没

玩的那么愉快了。

c)Itis/wasnotuntil…that…:表示强调句，意为“直到……才……”：

otuntilhewastwenty-eightthatQiBaishibeganto

studypainting.

Itwasnotuntilthebosscamethattheybegantowork.

2.地点状语从句：

a)地点状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，引导词有：where,

wherever等，相当于：”to/in/fromtheplace(s)where…”

或”in/to/fromanyplacewhere…”结构：

ngiswelcomedwhereverhegoes.

Thebookiswhereyouleftit.

b)一般只要在地点状语从句中的引导词where前加上to/in/fromthe

place，便可变为定于从句：

hebookintheplacewhereitwas.

Sheiswelcomedinanyplacewhereshegoes.

3.原因状语从句：

a)原因状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，其引导词有：becau,as,

since,nowthat,forthereason,inthat,eingthat等：

hehascome,youneedn’tgo.

Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecauhecaughtacold.

Nowthateveryoneishere,let’sgetstarted.

Seeingthatheisill,wewilldotheworkforhim.

4.比较状语从句：

a)同级比较：常用“as…as…”，第二个as之后即为比较状语从句：

tallasyouare.

Icanrunasfastasyoudo.

HespeaksEnglishaswellasanativespeaker.

b)不同级比较结构：常用“notso/as…as…”：

snotso/asdifficultasEnglish(is).

HespeaksEnglishnotsowellashisbrother(does).

c)差级或高级比较：常用”…than…”than之后即为比较状语从句：

nfasterthanyou(can).

Sheplaysthepianobetterthananyotherstudentinher

class(does).

d)表示递进关系的状语从句：常用结构：“the+比较级……the+比较

级”：

growtrees;themore,thebetter.

Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryouroralEnglishwillbe.

Theolderyougrow,thebetteryouwillunderstandit.

e)倍数的表达方法主要有三种方式：

1)A+be+基数词（3以上）+times+as+adj.+asB.

peisthreetimesaslongasthatone.

Thisbuildingisfourtimesastallasthatone.

2)A+be+基数词（3以上）+times+as+adj.-er+thanB.

ouisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone.

Thisriverisfourtimeslongerthanthatone.

3)A+be+基数词（3以上）+times+thesize/length/width/

height/depth/etc.+ofB.

boxisthreetimesthesizeoftheblueone.

Thisropeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.

Thiswellisthreetimesthedepthofthatone.

5.目的状语从句：

a)目的状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，其引导词有：inorderthat,

sothat,forfear(that),inca等：

pearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbustoschool.

InorderthathecanlearnEnglishwell,hespentallhisspare

timeonEnglish.

You’dbetterbringyourumbrellaincaitrains.

b)在目的状语从句中常含有助动词may,might,will,would,shall,can,

could等。如上例。

c)在主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，目的状语从句可以和表目的不定式

或介词短语互换。

rthathecanwinthegame,hepracticeshardevery

day.

=Inordertowinthegame,hepracticeshardeveryday.

=Towinthegame,hepracticeshardeveryday.

6.结果状语从句：

a)结果状语从句一般置于句尾，其引导词有：that,so,sothat,such

that,so…that…,such…that…等：

suchabignoithateverybodywassurprid.

Heissotallthathecantouchtheceiling.

b)so…that…的用法：

1)so+adj./adv.+that…

obeautifulthatalltheboysinherclasslikeher.

Herunssofastthatnoonecancatchupwithhim.

2)so+many/few/much/little+相应形式的名词+that…

eadsomanybooksthatheisvery

knowledgeable.

Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyanything

thatshe

wants.

3)so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that…

ocleveragirlthatsheisgoodateverysubject.

TheTitanicwassomovingafilmthatIsawitsixtimes.

c)such…that…的用法：

1)such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that…

2)such+adj.+可数名词复数+that…

3)such+adj.+不可数名词+that…

suchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievein

him.

Itissuchfinewhetherthatweallwanttohaveapicnic

inthepark.

Itisnosurprisingthatsuchlittlewormatsolittle

grain.

7.条件状语从句：

a)条件状语从句可置于句首或句尾，有事还可置于主语与谓语之间，其引

导词有：if,unless,as/solongas,once,inca,onconditionthat,

supposing(that),given(that)等：

umbrellawithyouincaitrains.

I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishonconditionthatyouhelpme

withmymath.

Giventhatheisanewcomer,hehasdoneitprettywell.

YouwillmakegreatprogressinEnglishsoonaslongasyou

workhardatit.

b)在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过

去将来时：

lfallbehindothersunlessyoustudyhard.

Iwillnotgotohisbirthdaypartyunlessheinvitesme.

Youwillfallinlovewithheronceyoueherinperson.

8.方式状语从句：

a)结果状语从句一般置于句尾，其引导词有：as,asif,asthough：

Rome,doastheRomansdo.

Youshoulddoitasyouhavebeeninstructed.

b)Asif/asthought的用法：

1)当它们引导的方式状语从句所表示的是事实或可能性很大时，用陈

述语气：

sasifitisgoingtorainsoon.

Itemsasthoughtheshopwillbecloddownsoon.

2)当它们引导的方式状语从句所表示的不是事实而是主观的想象或夸

大性的比喻时，用虚拟语气：

ksEnglishasthoughhewereanEnglishman.

Theychattedasiftheyhadknowneachotherforalong

time.

9.让步状语从句：

a)让步状语从句可以置于句首或句尾，有时也可置于句中，其引导词有：

though,although,eventhough,as,whether…ornot…,

whetherornot,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,

whover,whenever,wherever,however等：

rymanymoretimes,eventhoughImayfail

againandagain.

Iwillnotgotothecinemawithyouevenifyoupayfor

myticket.

Whereveryougo,Iwillfllowyou.

b)though,although引导让步状语从句时，主句可以用still,yet，但

不可用but：

itwasraininghard,theystillworkedhardinthe

fields.

Thoughheisnotsorichyetheoftenhelpthowho

areintrouble.

Althoughheloveher,hedarenottellher.

c)as/though引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语或谓语中的

实义动词需提前至句首。如果表语是带冠词的名词，冠词需省略：

句式结构：

Although/Though+S+

















V

V

情态

状语

表语be











,S+V+O+…

=











V

状语

表语











+as/though+S+











情态

V

be











,S+V+O+…

heisahero,hehassomeshortcomings.

=Heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomngs.

Thoughyoumaytryhard,youwillnotsucceed.

=Hardasyoumaytry,youwillnotsucceed.

Thoughyoumaywait,hewillnoteyou.

=Waitasyoumay,hewillnoteyou.

Thoughthenobleareproud,theyareafraidtoeme.

=Proudasthenobleare,theyareafraidtoeme.

Thoughheisachild,hecantellrightfromwrong.

=Childasheis,hecantellrightfromwrong.

高考英语状语从句陷阱题总结归纳

1.“MayIgoandplaywithDickthisafternoon,Mum?”“No,you

can’tgoout_______yourworkisbeingdone.”

ent

2.“I’mgoingtothepostoffice.”“_______you’rethere,canyouget

mesomestamps?”

3._______youareathomealone,pleadon’tleavethedooropen.

4._______youarealonewithher,tellherthatyoulikeher.

hewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup______therehadonce

beenatheatre.

ousscientistgrewup_______hewasbornandin1930hecame

toShanghai.

er

ndhercalculator_______shelostit.

uldmakeitaruletoleavethings_______youcanfindthem

again.