间接引语

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）之迟辟智美创作

一．直接引语和间接引语的界说.

直接引语：直接引用他人的话叫直接引语，

间接引语：用自己的话转述他人的话叫间接引语.

直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不用加引号.

Hesaid,“I’mastudent.”（直接引语）→Hesaidthathewasastudent.

（间接引语）

主句从句主句从句

二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特

殊疑问词，

其后用陈说语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语

序的变动.

（一）人称的变动规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新.

一随主引号内的第一人称变间引后与主

句主语的人称保持一致

Hesays,”Ilikemathverymuch.

→Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.

二随宾引号内的第二人称变间引后与

主句宾语的人称保持一致

HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”

→HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly

三不用变引号内的第三人称在变间引后去

人称不变

Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”

→Shetoldmethattheywantedhelphim

★（二）．时态变动

宾语从句时态变动规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：

一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）；客观真理，只用一

般现在时.

1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态.

2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态.即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现

在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现

在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时.

3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时.

Teachertoldus:"Themoonmovesroundtheearth."

Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.

(三)．时

间状语

变动

直接引语间接引语

指示代词this

the

that

tho

时间状语now

today

tonight

thisweek

yesterday

lastweek

threedaysago

tomorrow

nextweek

then

thatday

thatnight

thatweek

thedaybefore

theweekbefore

threedaysbefore

thenextday/thefollowingday

thenextweek/thefollowingweek

地址状语herethere

动词come

bring

go

take

★(四)．连接词

1．从句为陈说句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连.

2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether.

3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问

代、副词作连接词.

注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他

直接引语连接词例句注意事项

陈说句that

（常省略）

Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.”

→Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher..

1.连接词：that

2.引述动词said,saidtosb

主句的时态从句的时态例句

一般现在时

Hesays

所需的任何时态Hesays,”helikesmathverymuch.

→Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch

一般过去时

Hesaid

直接引语间接引语

一般现在时一般过去时Hesaid,“heisastudent.”→Hesaidthathewasastudent

现在进行时过去进行时Hesaid,“heisreading.”→Hesaidthathewasreading

一般将来时过去将来时Hesaid,“hewillgohome”→Hesaidthathewouldgohome

一般过去时过去完成时Hesaid，“hewenthome”→Hesaidthathehadgonehome

现在完成时过去完成时Hesaid，“hehasgonehome”→Hesaidthathehadgonehome

过去完成时过去完成时Hesaid，“hehadgonehome”→Hesaidthathehadgonehome

toldsb,等

一般疑问句if/

whether.“是

否”

Heaskedher,“Doyouloveme?”

→Heaskedherwhethershelovedhim.

1.改为“陈说语序”.

3.去失落Do,Does,Did

改变Are,Is,Will,Can位置

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词：

what,who,

why,how,

which,when

Heaskedhiswife,“Howareyou?”

→Heaskedhiswifehowshewas.

Heaskedme,“Whatcolordoyoulike?”

→HeaskedmewhatcolorIliked.

1.改为“陈说语序”

2.去失落Do,Does,Did

改变Are,Is,Will,Can位置

祈使句肯

定

ask(tell)

dosth

Heshouted,“Lily,Clothedoor.”

→HetoldLilytoclothedoor.

1.不用连接词

2.不改变时态.

3.无须考虑语序

否

定

ask(tell)sb.

nottodosth.

Hesaidtome,“Don’tbelate.”

→Heaskedmenottobelate.

注意：

1.语序不变的有：What’thematterwithyou?What’swrongwithyou?

但What’sthetroublewithyou?的语序要变

1）从句中有or/ornot.例：sheaskswhetherhestayed.

2.只用whether2）与不定式todo连用.例：Ican’tdecidewhethertotellhim

thenews

3)在介词后.例：theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheycanaffordthe

newhou

用法是有区另外，但当if/whether同时呈现在选项中的时候，我们要选

whether

★3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它.

或连接词（此时连接词充任主语）+谓语+其它.

陈说语序中：be动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前.

例：1）canyoutellmewhereisthehospital(错）

canyoutellmewherethehospitalis.(对）

2）Idon’tknowwhetherdoeshespeakChine(错）

Idon’tknowwhetherhespeaksChine(对）

3）Iamnotsurewhatcanhedo(错）

Iamnotsurewhathecando(对）

中考考点：时态、语序、连接词

练习题

一、填空，每空一词：

1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.

Hesaidthat_____________havingsupper.

2.“I’veenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.

Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm.

3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.

Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister.

chersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”

Theteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthanthemoon.

5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.

Hetoldmethathe_______methertheday_______.

6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.

HesaidthatI_______togo_______beforefive.

7.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago,”shesaid.

Shesaidthatshe_______boughtthecomputertwoweeks_______.

8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?”hesaid.

He______________Ihadreadthebooktheweek_______.

,“Youcansithere,Jim.”

He_______Jimthathe_______sitthere

d,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”

Heaskedhermother_____________________foundit.

11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthedays?”heasked.

Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.

12“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.

Heasked______________knewwhereshe_______.

13.“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.

He_______thechildren______________quiet.

14.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.

Shetoldme_____________________outofthewindow.

15.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.

He______________Iwasinterestedin_______.

二、选择：

cheraskedus_____ourdictionariestoschool.

g

chertoldtheboystudents______footballonthegrass.

g

3.____Tomdidn’tgotoschool?

ouknow

nowwhy

oupleatellme_____thatpreventsherfrombeingashappyasbefore?

w

skedhersister____totherailwaystationtoeheroff.

o

ilaskedhisteacher_____roundtheearth.

emoonwent

rthemoonwent

____WangLing____ataxitotheairport.

;;;;totake

edhim____.

ictionarythatwas

ictionarythatis

’smotheraskedher_____.

ethershehadfinishedherhomework

asfinishedherhomework

adfinishedherhomework

shehadfinishedherhomework

now____?

doing

eshedonow

’tknow____tolearnEnglish.

began

begins

dme____.

ldtheweatherbeliketomorrow

eweatherwouldbelikethenextday

weatherwouldbeliketomorrow

uldtheweatherbelikethenextday

’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheniceSpringFestivalprents.

itedwerethey

rehowexcited

dmethatshe____byherrelativesatthebusstop.

enoff

noff

ememberhowmanytimes____toAustralia?

ebeen

guess____?

tmanis

hatman

dmorestudentsandteachershavebegantoknow____.

ortanttheforeignlanguageare

foreignlanguageisimportant

ortanttheforeignlanguageis

ortantistheforeignlanguage

tesssaidthatit___timethatthey___supper.

;;;;havehad

saskedhiscretary____hehadfinishedtypingthereport____.

;;r;r;not

rhowmuch_____.

pendonhiscar

tinhiscar

谜底

一、填空

,was.在直接引语酿成间接引语时，代词I要酿成he；主句为过去时态，宾语从句通常

要将时态往后推一个，即现在进行时amhaving酿成过去进行时washaving.

,had,en.直接引语中的saidtosb在酿成间接引语时应改为toldsb；现在完成

时haveen改为过去完成时haden.

,had,gone.直接引语酿成间接引语时，人称代词I应酿成she；一般过去时went改

为过去完成时hadgone.

.直接引语酿成间接引语时，若直接引语为客观真理，则酿成间接引语时时态不变.

,before.直接引语是一般过去时met，酿成间接引语时应改为过去完成时hadmet；时

间状语yesterday应改为thedaybefore

,there.如直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must，酿成间接引语时用hadto；地

址状语here相应地改为there.

,before.直接引语是一般过去时bought，酿成间接引语时应改为过去完成时had

bought；时间状语twoweeksago应改为twoweeksbefore.

,if(whether),before.当直接引语是一般疑问句，酿成间接引语时said应改为

asked，然后加上连接词if或whether；时间状语lastweek改为theweekbefore.

,could.根据句意第一空应用动词told；直接引语中含有情态动词can，酿成间接引

语时应改为could.

,she,had.如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，酿成间接引语时仍用how引导，疑问句语序

改为陈说句语序，一般过去时改为过去将来时.

,I,had,tho.直接引语是特殊疑问句，酿成间接引语时仍用where引导，疑问

句语序改为陈说句语序，现在完成时改为过去完成时，指示代词the相应地酿成tho.

(whether),I,lived.直接引语是一般疑问句，酿成间接引语时应用if或whether引

导，人称you和动词时态lives也相应地酿成I和lived

,to,keep.如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时，在酿成间接引语时，可使用ask[tell,

order]sbtodosth这一结构进行转换.

,to,look.如直接引语为否定的祈使句时，在酿成间接引语时，可使用ask[tell,order]

sbnottodosth这一结构进行转换.

,if(whether),that.根据所给的句子，直接引语是一般疑问句，酿成间接引语时，

主句谓语动词应用asked；再用if或whether引导宾语从句，批示代词this相应地酿成that.

二、选择谜底

1—5DBDAB;6—10CDBCC；11—15BBAAD；16—20BCACC