黄梅调

黄梅戏英文介绍

黄梅戏，中国汉族地方戏曲，旧称黄梅调或采茶戏，与京剧、越

剧、评剧、豫剧并称中国五大剧种。它发源于湖北、安徽、江西三省

交界处黄梅多云山，与鄂东和赣东北的采茶戏同出一源，其最初形式

是湖北黄梅一带的采茶歌。黄梅戏用安庆语言念唱，唱腔淳朴流畅，

以明快抒情见长，具有丰富的表现力;黄梅戏的表演质朴细致，以真实

活泼著称。黄梅戏来自于民间，雅俗共赏、怡情悦性，她以浓郁的生

活气息和清新的乡土风味感染观众。

黄梅戏|HuangmeiOpera

Oncecalled"HuangmeiTune"or"CaichaOpera",Huangmei

OperaisoneofthemostfamoustraditionaloperasinChina.

AsalocaldramainEastChina'sAnhuiProvince,Huangmei

OperaactuallyoriginatedinHuangmeiCounty,HubeiProvince,

duringthe18thcenturywhenChinelocaloperaswere

flourishing.

AfterbeingintroducedtoAnhuiProvince,HuangmeiOpera

swiftlytookoffinAnqingCityandmanyotherneighboring

,theoperahasgrownintoaprofessional

performancepieceinbothruralandurbanareas,becominga

recreationalactivityformillionsofpeople.

Origin

HuangmeiOperawasderivedfrom"CaichaTune",thefolk

ombinationoflocal

folksongs,dancesandsomewidespreadancientoperas.

BorderingonAnhuiProvince,HuangmeiCountyinHubei

Provinceisfamousforitsteaandtea-pickingsongs;itisalso

whereHuangmeiOperagotitsoriginalname--"CaichaOpera"

("tea-pickingopera").

Before1949,riversandlakesinAnhuiProvincewereoften

floodedandthedisplacedvictimshadtoekrefugein

ult,HuangmeiOperaofHubei

ProvincewasbroughttoAnhuibyvictimsoffloodandfamine.

Performedfrequentlyinvillagesandtownsbysmallgroups

oflocalpeople,

developedfromfolktunesintoshortdramasandevencomplete

theatricalworks,whichcanbeperformedonstageandasTV

ries.

Nowadays,thelivelyshortoperas,called"everydayshows",

"bigplays"arealmostalways

formersinfusimplehumorintoallofthe

72shortplaysand36full-lengthdramasabouttheprivilegedlife

foradown-to-earthelement.

Development

FromthetimethatHuangmeiOperabecamepopularinrural

areas,ithadgonealongwayfromitsstatusasarecreational

nasa

diversionactedbyandforpeasantsandartisansatfestivalsand

specialsolarperiods(the24weather-orienteddivisionsofthe

year).

Astimewentby,asonal,mi-professionalgroups

appeared,andtheyperformedtogetherwithtroupesthat

specializedinmorepopularformsoftheart,liketheBeijing

otuntil1926--140yearsafter

itsadvent--thatHuangmeiOperamanagedtoreachAnqing,

aredinShanghaiin

1934,butonlyonmakeshiftstagesinthecity'spoorquarters

whereitwasdenouncedas"bawdyentertainment"andits

unfortunateperformerswereharriedbylocalauthorities.

Since1949,withsupportfromtheChinegovernment,

HuangmeiOperahasblossomed.

Intheearlyyears,mostHuangmeiOperaprogrammeswere

heopera

flourished,moreandmorestoriesfromotheroperagenreswere

edHuangmeiartistvenadaptedtheworks

theFirstChinaShakespeareFestival(1986),theAnhuiProvincial

HuangmeiOperaTroupeprentedanadaptationof

Shakespeare'sMuchAdoAboutNothing-amilestonethat

markedthesuccessoftheinternationaldevelopmentof

HuangmeiOpera.

Nowadays,HuangmeiOperaismainlypopularinAnhui,

JiangxiandHubeiprovinces,andsomeofitsfamousactorsand

actressincludeYanFengying,WangShaofangandPanJingli.

Theoperahasalsospreaditsfamebothhomeandabroadwith

itssweetmelodiesandlyrics,gracefulsoundsandmovements,

andbeautifulcostumesandtsHuangmeifanscanbefound

notonlyontheChinemainlandbutalsoinHong

Kong,Macao,Taiwan,Malaysia,Japan,andevenEurope.

DuringtheFirstChinaShakespeareFestivalin1986,

audiencesbothathomeandabroadsawanadaptationofMuch

AdoaboutNothingbytheAnhuiProvincialHuangmeiOpera

hPrimeMinister

MargaretThatcherntherpersonalcongratulationstoCaoYu,

chairmanoftheChineDramatists'Association,sayingthat

Shakespearewouldhavebeengreatlyamudbytheimaginative

reprentation.

Characteristics

HuangmeiOperacostumescontainadistinctivelocalflavor

ofChina'operas,artistswearancient-style

garmentssincemostHuangmeioperasarebadonChinefolk

hecontentsoftheoperaareoftenvaried,costumes

andtschangeaccordingtotheopera'ssocialenvironmentand

rnHuangmeioperas,like"AWomanof

Huizhou",artistssimplywearordinaryclotheswhenperforming

themodernplay.

HuangmeiOperamusicfeaturesfolksongsthataregraceful

ypesofmusicareud:coloratura,

104coloraturatunesare

takenfromfolksongs,tea-pickingsongsandotherditties.A

shortoperausuallyhasitsownfeaturesandisoftennamedafter

uangmeiOperamusic

islightandlyrical,agoodperformermustbeskilledin

gisnotonlythemainapproach

tocharacterization:ItalsodistinguishesHuangmeiOperaboth

stylisticallyandmusically.

HuangmeiOperaiasytounderstandandlearnthanksto

itslyricaltunes,her

Chinelocaloperas,HuangmeiOperaalsoadoptsthelocal

helanguageisamixtureofnorthernandsouthern

styles,itisthereforeeasytoimitateandpleasanttonativeears.

(ThisfactoralsohelpeddisminateHuangmeiOpera.)Itslocal

flavorandfolkstylearemostvividlyrevealedinitsoriginaland

livelydialogue,whichisbothspokenandsung.

Passion,simplicityandpurityiswhatmakesHuangmeiOpera

anenduringdramaappreciatedbyall.

Repertoires

Overthepast200years,HuangmeiOperahasdeveloped

quiteanumberofrepertoiresmuchlovedbypeople.

Inparticular,AnhuiProvincialHuangmeiOperaTroupe's"The

HeavenlyMaidandtheMortal"usheredinaneweraforthe

ghtheplaywasa

traditionalfavorite,thetrouperevidthescript,musicand

make-up.

Inthestory,theJadeEmperorofHeaven'sventhand

youngestdaughter,"SeventhFairyMaiden,"whowasalsothe

mostbeautiful,boldlyfleesdowntoearthinarchofaloveof

riesDongYong,anhonest,kind-

heartedrf,dingthecruel

landlordtoshortenDongYong'sthree-yearleato100days,

theyoungcouplepreparetoleaveandtuptheirhome.

However,theJadeEmperorsnatcheshisdaughterbacktoheaven,

ntandindignant,she

writesaletterinherownbloodtoDong,whichsays:"Whennext

springcomesandtheflowersbloom,yoursonshallbeyours

beneaththescholartrees."

Themovingplot,beautifulmusicandtop-notchsinginghave

in1956,whenthere

wereveryfewoperaticfilms,thepieceenjoyed150,000domestic

showingsandhastraveledtomorethanadozenplacesabroad.

Itssuccessisowedmuchtotheworkofsuchrenowned

performersasYanFengying,acountrygirlfromLuojialingin

TongchengCounty,atileperformerwho

playedavarietyofroles,Yandiedyoung,whichwasagreatloss

cityharectedastatueofYan

Fengyingasthe"SeventhFairyMaiden"inaparkto

commemoratehergreatcontributions.