完型填空

高考英语完形填空(附

答案)

-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

2

完形填空专项

一、复习思路

1.梳理完形填空的技巧方法

2.扩充词汇运用

二、复习要点

完型填空题的特点

完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。上海高考完型主要考察动

词、名词、形容词、副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文为主，说明

文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。

完型填空解题步骤

1-通览----速度全文，把握大意

快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层

次、情节、写作风格等等。

2-试填----紧扣文意，瞻前顾后

先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻

找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。

3-复核----全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确

试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连

贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应

完型填空高频词汇

动词

convince;guarantee;ensure;transfer;exist;strike;claim;demonstrate;charge;asmble;

reveal;skip;vary;monitor;asss;isolate;classify;distract;embarrass;stretch;believe;

make;

consume;dip;shut;replace,reduce,increa,destroy;expand;narrow;strengthen;

weaken;protect;punish;warn;contribute;devote;decorate;drain;maintain;prerve;

exhaust;exploit;impo;inspire;pioneer;overcome;resist;shift;switch;plunge;

accountfor;postpone;access;remind;inform;amu;assume;obtain;distribute;

anticipate(预期);cultivate;recognize;discomfort;threaten;demand;indicate.

名词

instinct;ingredient;evidence;miracle;tendency;exposure;principle;efficiency;

contribution;contact;infection;opposition;pronunciation;transformation;

principle;standards;measure;solution;crisis;innovation;material;resource;improvement;

appearance;stability;smoke;cost;bargain;miracle;existence;trend;delivery;mood;

spirit;

3

appetite;stomach;strength;muscle;purpo;concept;means;access;variety;alternative;

combination;achievement;option;interaction;affirmation;expectation;communication;

ecotourism,background,prevention

形容词

considerate;aggressive;qualified;reluctant;delicate;positive;negative;ignorant;

informative;casual;curious;incurable;demanding;reasonable;social;psychological;

evident;vital;

constant;terrible;wasteful;wonderful;uful;fashionable;beautiful;historic;

worthless;ordinary;meaningless;nsitive;agreeable;graceful;financial;appropriate;

defensive;fateful（重大的，决定性的）;fruitful（富有成效的，多产的）;nsitive;

multiple;resistant;accessible;critical;reasonable;inevitable;esntial;dramatic;

fulfilling（令人满意的，能实现个人抱负的）;efficient;ideal;employable;available;

respectful（恭敬的，有礼貌的）;negative;frequent;unskilled;compulsory

副词

agreeably;slightly;accidentally;occasionally;physically;psychologically;thoroughly;

vaguely;orally;repeatedly;dramatically;subconsciously;carelessly,regularly;while;

recently;nearly;rarely;mostly;least;oppositely;unfortunately;frankly;Inaddition,

Inshort;otherwi;eventuallynecessarilyflexibly;naturally;actually,nevertheless,

fortunately,definitely,narrowly,widely,practically

完型填空解题技巧

解题思路一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对

短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有

用的信息。把握了主题句,对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。

①Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheir

meaning,youwouldnotdetectinterestinromanceamongtheartists.51,youwouldeplentyof

rancientpeople’arnedtocenteronhuntingand

gatheringwildfoodsformeals.

i

②Rearchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionofthe

culturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbooks

we'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple__51__.

ge

解题思路二：顺应文意,定位选词。做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到有提示作用的词。这些词可以

是同义词、近义词或反义词,也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。

①ingwellisan

activeexerciofourattentionandhardwork.

.

wrong

②Morethan2,400yearsago,theGreekhistorianHerodotusdescribedtheEgyptianpyramidsand

avebeenthefirstwritertoconsiderthatremainsand___52___could

provideinformationforlatergenerations.

e

4

③Thecontinuousprentationoffrighteningstoriesaboutglobalwarminginthepopularmedia

r,it__51__ourkids.

ts

解题思路三：注意固定搭配，常用句型。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与

名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。

①ThedepartmentforEducationandSkillswantsto60teachingofmodemforeign

languages(MFT)yschoolchildrenwillgetgreater61to

foreignlanguagelearning.

ch

解析：教育与技术部门将来打算在教育更早阶段提供外语教学，所以60选D。61题考查固定

搭配accessto的用法，学生需要总结相关access的搭配，haveaccessto或者offeraccessto，to

是介词。

②Thatalsoexplainswhyschoolsandcompaniesorganizechallengingtripsandphysicalactivities

to__62__teamspirit.

t

③A__60__ofpeoplenowbelieve–incorrectly–thatglobalwarmingisnotevencaudby

humans.

解题思路四：注意同形词的辨析。

①Digitalfingerprinting,fluctuations（波动）inthedollarexchangerate,andamassofonline

informationaresomeofthewaysmakingtraveltotheUnitedNationsin2010adifferent__51___for

internationalvisitorsthanitwaarlierinthe21stcentury.

ion

②Atravelerfromacountry__60__intheVWPmustobtainanElectronicSystemforTravel

Authorization(ESTA),anonlinetravelauthorization,termines,before

thetravelerboardsaflight,whetherthetraveleris___61___totraveltotheUnitedStatesunderthe

VWPandwhethersuchtravelposanylawimplementationorcurityrisks.

ing

ble

解题思路五：根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。

①EFLteachersoftencomplainthatstudents,despiteyearsofstudyingEnglish,simplywillnot

’retoo__63__makingmistakesofthegrammarormispronouncingwordsinawaythat

would__64__them.

of

ass

解题思路六:利用原词复现或同现,选择最佳选项。

5

1.在完形填空中,某一词语通常重复出现,使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,从而构成一个完整

的意义整体。

①Firstofallhewasawindow-cleanerandinhisfirstweekhemanagedto______sixwindows.

2.同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相

连的词汇。

1）名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：

school---primaryschool—middleschool—college—universitystudents—pupils—graduates—

postgraduates

2）动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：

school—teach—learn—attend—found—dropout—graduate—bedismisd

3）形容词同现;就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：在学校这个语境中：

（key）school—（optional）cour—（compulsory）cour

4）结构同现:结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如：

①some…,others;ononehand…,ontheotherhand;former…,latter;so…that;notonly…butalso;

hardly/scarcely…when…;nosooner…than…;beabouttodo/bedoing/haddone/beonthepointof

doing/betodo/bereadytodo/beontheway…when…;

Iputmyheadin,ysurpri,theroomwasn’urn

iture,curtains,aTV,nonthewell-

madebedsatAmy,mynew______,dresdneatly.

ion

②The60Knows

…….Smell,however,doesemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.

解题思路七：仔细分析长难句。找出句子主干，主从句，定语状语等。

①Intoday’sAmericansociety,highschooldropouthasdaybydaygrownintoabigproblem

threateningsocialandeconomicstability,asmanycasoffamily___51___oreventragedies,caud

byyouthdropoutaregrabbingheadlinesinmedia.

ess

答案：B。长难句分析，第一层是as引导的原因状语从句，主句是schooldropouthasgrown

intoabigproblem.后面紧跟动名词做定语。As从句中caud过去分词作后置定语。在进行

句子分析时，一定注意把定语等找出来。

②Inmanycountries,thelanguageofeducationisnotthesameasthelanguageofthehomefor

rmore,inmanycountries,younglanguagelearnerscomprithe

mostrapidlygrowinggmentoftheelementary(primary)schoolpopulation.54Whileinsome

schoolsthereisnoextrasupporttohelpyounglanguagelearnersacquirethelanguageofinstruction,in

mostcountrieswheretherearelargenumbersofyounglearners,thereisa___55___awarenessoftheir

specialneeds.

ng

解析：55题根据前文可以推断出选g表示提高的意识。可以对这个长句子进行长难

6

句分析：首先是while引导的让步状语从句。在while从句中运用了helpsbdosth的结构。在

主句中，where引导的定语从句，先行词是countries.

解题思路八：仔细推敲,注重逻辑。

做完完形填空题后,要根据所选答案迅速地把文章完整地读一遍,看语法、惯用法对不对;看

是否符合上下文的逻辑;看是否符合故事情节的发展,以便更正可能的错误选择。一个完整的语

篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的

逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确

的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词：

1.递进

inaddition,furthermore,again,also,besides,moreover,what’smore,what’swor,tomake

matterswor,tomakethingswor,worstill

2.比较

inthesameway,aswith,similarly,equally,incomparison,justas

3.对照

incontrast,ontheotherhand,instead,however,nevertheless,unlike,onthecontrary,while

4.因果

becau,becauof,for,since,dueto,owingto,thanksto,asaresult(of),so,thus

5.强调

certainly,aboveall,indeed,ofcour,surely,actually,asamatteroffact,especially，in

particular,absolutely

6.让步

although,though,afterall,inspiteof

7.举例

forexample,forinstance,thatis,namely,suchas,inotherwords,inthisca,bywayof

illustration.

8.时间和空间

afterward,after,first,later,then,soon,finally,atlast

outside,near,beyond,above,below,ontheright(left),inthemiddle,opposite,infrontof

9.总结

tosumup,toconclude,inaword,inshort,inbrief,allinall,inall,insummary

表示转折关系：

例1：(浦东新区2014年二模)

asurveyof99greenbuildingsinAmericafoundthatonaverage,theyu30%lesnergythan

conventionalbuildings.…….Thetraditionalapproachoftryingtominimizeconstructioncosts,

___58___,canleadtohigherenergybillsandwastedmaterials.

ral

答案解析：绿色建筑比传统建筑少用30%的能源，与之形成对比的是，传统建筑会导致更高的

能源成本及材料的浪费。所以选C，与上文形成转折对比。

例2：(普陀区2014年二模)

k

7

atthemin“chunks”,anditbecomesmucheasier.31848.

gfulD.

technical

答案解析：两句之间的But表明是转折关系，下文出现了“itbecomesmucheasier”，所以此空

要填的词与easier形成对比，即选B，impossible。

表示因果关系：

例1：(浦东新区2014年二模)

___51___itsartfuldesignandsomefancytechnology,itixpectedtoconsumeupto50%less

energythanaconventionalofficebuilding.

tionto

答案解析：句意是“由于艺术性的设计及奇特的技术，环保建筑大楼比传统的办公大楼少消耗

50%的能源”，所以此空可得出答案为B。

例2：(浦东新区2014年二模)

asurveyof99greenbuildingsinAmericafoundthatonaverage,theyu30%lesnergythan

dditionalbuildingcostscanbe___57___quickly.

答案解析：句意是“绿色建筑比传统建筑少用30%能源，所以增加的建筑成本可以很快回收。”

提示词So,表明上下文为因果关系，所以选A.

表示并列关系：

例1：(浦东新区2014年二模)

……improveemployee’shealthandproductivity,reducelegalliability,and___56___property

valuesandrentalreturns.

答案解析：句意是“绿色环保建筑能够改善员工的健康及生产力，并且增加建筑的价值及租金回

报”，根据and可看出此空是与前面的improve构成并列。四个选项中，只有B表示“增强或提

高”，所以答案为B。

表示条件关系：

例1：(普陀区2014年二模)

Lifewouldbesomucheasierifwecouldrememberthings51.

yD.

carelessly

答案解析：句意是“生活将变的更容易，如果记忆不费力气。”所以选A。

表示解说关系：

例1：(普陀区2014年二模)

thereisnothing61aboutthemethods-----theywerearoundeveninancienttimes.

le

8

答案解析：句意是“这些方法没有什么新颖之处---他们在古代就已经有了。”句中的破折号表示

解释说明，所以选D。

例题及练习

Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)

,50,mpanieshave

xcitementofbeatingoffthe

competition,negotiatingprices,curingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobecome

rgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness—52thatthecustomerremainsa

customer.

53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoney

eenestimatedthattheaveragecompanylosbetween10and30percentofitscustomers

tantlychanging54,surprisingisthefactthatfew

companieshaveanyideahowmanycustomerstheyhavelost.

Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptotholostopportunitiesandcalculatethe55

gdownthenumberofcustomersacompanyloscanmakeabig56inits

chintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreainthenumberofdefecting(流失的)

customersledto57increasofbetween25and85percent.

IntheUS,Domino’sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.

Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorrviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,is

losingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin59profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyare

likelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).

Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny.“Inpracticemostcompanies’

marketingeffortisfocudongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto61them”,saysAdrianPayne

ofCornfieldUniversity’SchoolofManagement.“Rearchsuggeststhatthereisaclorelationship

betweenretainingcustomersandmakingprofits.62customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableand

rmore,theytendtobelessprice63,andmay

ingcustomersalsomakesit64forcompetitorstoentera

marketorincreatheirshareofamarket.

fall

e

g

g

es

ical

9

ence

ontrary

able

D.

interest

ting

cted

ive

ient

Keys：50—55—60—

词汇整理：

inparticular尤其特别

onthewhole整体而言

onthecontrary相反地

regularcustomer常客，老顾客（听力常考词）

2.高频动词：emphasize,overlook,ensure,deny,assume,alter

3.高频名词：taste(品味，审美)，expen,budget,profit,loyalty,share(股份)

4.高频形容词：financial,economical(节俭的)，potential(n.潜力),agreeable,flexible,nsitive,

unfair,esntial,

特殊句型理解：

wareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptotholostopportunitiesandcalculatethe55

implications.

Only+时间状语，部分倒装。

ingcustomersalsomakesit64forcompetitorstoenteramarketorincreatheirshareof

amarket.

“it”做形式宾语，替代“toenteramarketorincreatheirshareofamarket.”

1.复习高频词组、词义辨析文档

2.完成以下练习

HarvardLibrary

Ifwecompareprofessorsandstudentstothehostofauniversity,thenthelibraryofauniversitycanbe

10

lityofauniversity,__51__,

Harvard,thelibraryisanesntialpartofeverybody’equantityandthe__52__ofthelibrary

makestudyapleasantprocess.

HarvardLibraryisnotonlythemostancientlibraryintheUnitedStates,butthelargestuniversity

1638JohnHarvard__53__hiswholelibrarytothethenHarvardCollege.

After300yearsofdevelopment,thelibrarynowholds10millionbooksand__54__morethan100branch

tiontothelibrariesownedbyeachschool,therearesomebranchlibrariesthatare__55__

ostofthebranchlibrariesareonHarvardcampus,someareasfarasin

Washington,D.C.,ngLibraryisfamousforits__56__ofEastAsian

Libraryisthefirstlibraryintheworldthatis__57__r

LibraryisthelargestlibraryinHarvard,onlycondtoLibraryofCongress.

What__58__ythelibraries

5p.m..Themainlibrariesareopenuntil10p.m..Thelibrariesforundergraduates

willevenbeopenallnightduringthe__59__rariesalsoprovidewithstudentstherviceof

__60__eginningofamester,eachteacherwillgivealistof

rariansare__61__tofindoutthebooksandputthemattheplaceswhere

studentscaneasilyfindthem.

paceforthelibraryis

limited,manybooksare__62__ethis,studentscangotofetchthebookatthe

__63__thereisonlyonebooktobe

fetchedfromthesuburbanlibrary,ndof

__64__ore,studyatHarvardwillbe

a(n)__65__experience.

imes

ct

buted

es

ar

tions

ally

es

tion

ing

sible

fied

cted

ble

答案：51-65:BCADBACDABDCABD

Educationpr,how

doessocietyinfluenceeducation?

Beforeunderstandingtheinfluenceofsocietyoneducation,wemust_51__yisan

extenaracterizedbypatterns

roupofindividualswho__52_acommonsystemofcustoms，

edefinitionofsociety，itisclearthatwehumanbeingsareitsbuilding__53_.As

weinteractwithpeople,trytounderstandtheirthinkingstylesand__54_patterns，wesoonrealizethat

yisthegreatest__55_’tyouthinkso?

Wecannot__tounderstandtherole

ofsocietyinthe__57_forewebecomeapartoftheeducation

system，ingtheprocessofformaleducation,we__58_

11

take‘non-formal’，ourinteractionswithourfellow-beings，ourobrvations

abouttheirsocialbehaviorandourunderstandingofsocialnorms__59_,educational

__60_,likeschools，colleges,,wecannot

igndnotbean

exaggerationtosaythatthe__61_processoflearningbeginsatapoint，whichmarkstheendof

ng，asanindividual，fromyourinteractionwithsociety，isavitalpartof

education.

Societyplaysanimportantroleineducationandinfluencesit,

inequalitiesandunhealthyeducationalpracticesaresomeofthe__62_influencesofsocietyonourlives.

Customsandtraditions__63certainctionsofsocietyfromexercisingtheirfundamentalrightsandblock

thewell-beingofsociety，cialgroups

denywomen‘srighttoeducation,whileothersforcechildrentowork，depriving（剥夺）themfroma

healthyenvironment，ionisoneofthebasichuman

alnormsdeprivecertainstrata（阶层）ofsocietyfromprogressinginlifeandcomeinthe

wayofsocialwelfare,it__64_thepurpoofeducation.

who__65_tirelyinour

handswhethertoaddvaluetooureducationordevalueit.

e

ce

es

oral

nt

ct

l

singly

zations

ble

ble

t

bes

th

答案：BABDCDDCCDABDCB

Likemanystudents,Ryanbelievesthatthetimeandmoneyspentonhiducationwillpayoff:hewill

,___51___allofthe

yearsspentinschoolpreparingtoentertheworkplace,manyrecentgraduatessaythattheystrugglewiththe

___52___fromclassroomtocareerworldandhavedifficulty___53___lifeonthejob.

elievesthatmostof

ourschoolexperiences—fromchildhoodthroughuniversity—arefairly___54___,whilelifeintheworking

ol,___55___,thepatternstaysmoreorlessthesamefromyeartoyear.

Intheworkplace,however,constant___56___isthenorm,andonehastoadaptquickly.

Anotherproblemthatgraduatenteringtheworkforceencounteristhattheyare___57___tothink

ol,manystudentsincludingthoincollege,spendalotoftimememorizingfactsand

repeatingwhatthey“learned”heworkplaceemployees“areoftenexpectedtothink

criticallyandmake___58___abouttheirwork,notjustfollowasupervisor’sinstructions.”Lesstimeneeds

tobespentinschoolontesting,saysonerecentreport,andmoreonhelpingstudentstoanalyzeand

interpretinformation,solveproblems,andcommunicatetheirideaffectively—skillsthatwillpreparethem

tosucceedintoday’sworkplace.

Finally,manyrecentgraduatessaythatoneofthebiggestdifficultiestheyfaceisadaptingto___59___

12

orkplace,employeesmustregularly___60___withothersandareoftendependenton

rwords,ifanemployeehastoworkwithotherstocompletea

givenproject,thatemployee’s___61___notonlydependsonhishardworkandexperti,butalsoonhow

ghowtoparticipateeffectivelyinteamwork—anddealwithproblems

whentheyari—ixtremelyimportant,andyet,itisalsosomethingmanystudentsdon’tgetquite

___62___toinaschooltting.

HowcanwebetterprepareyoungadultsfortheworkplaceRecentgraduates,lookingbackontheir

educationalexperience,havesome___63___.Manythinkthatallstudentsshouldberequiredtodoan

internship(实习)eeringparttimeatacompany,hospital,orgovernment

organization,forexample,canhelponegainexperienceandlearnskillsneededtosucceedintherealworld.

___64___thiskindofpracticalworkexperiencewithclassroominstruction,saythegraduates,willhelp

preparestudentsforthe___65___oftheworkplaceandmakethetransitionfromschooltocareerworldless

stressful.

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51—55CBCAC56—60ABCDD61—65ABBAD