考研英语2真题

2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions：thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

"TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsurs—tveryanonymityisalso

behindtheexplosionofcybercrimethathas1acrosstheWeb.

Canprivacybeprerved2bringingamblanceofsafetyandcuritytoaworldthatemsincreasingly3?

Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyberczar,offeredtheObamagovernmenta4tomaketheWebasafer

place—a“voluntaryidentify”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,fingerprintandaphotoIDcard,all

temmightuasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer,andwould

authenticateursatarangeofonlinervices.

ould9whichsystemtojoin,andonly

registereduroachcontrastswithonethat

wouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicen10bythegovernment.

GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforurs

to11justoncebutumanydifferentrvices.

12,theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”insafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishan

of13community.

tdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhichindividualsandorganizationscancompleteonline

transactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructurethatthetransactionruns15.'"

Still,theadministration’plaudtheapproach;s

clearthatsuchaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17bealicen”mentality.

Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomeexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”wouldstillleave

guethatshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemlves,indriversmustbelicend

todriveonpublicroads.

1．

2．

3．ss

4．al

5．lent

6．

7．ed

8．e

9．e

10．red

11．

12．rast

13．ing

14．ce

15．

16．

17．ally

18．iasm

19．ble

20．

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,uranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(40points)

Text1

RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:ayearlatershebecamepresidentof

restofthedehe

swasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehavelettho

enormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?itionwasjust

takinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.

Outsidedirectorsaresuppodtorveashelpful,yetlessbiad,advirsonafirm’madetheirwealth

andtheirreputationlwhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’

thesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebadonhavingweatheredtheirown

cris.

TherearchersfromOhioUniversityudadatabahatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000different

ey

mostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotherearchersconcentratedontho“surpri”disappearancesby

untthatafterasurprideparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubquentlyhave

torestateearningsincreadbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreas,and

ghacorrelationbetweenthemleaving

andsubquentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinking

hey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.

Buttherearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleavea

firmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.

Firmswhowanttokeepioutsidedirectors

s,onceagainverypopularoncampus.

ingtoParagraph1,swascriticizedfor.

[A]gainingexcessiveprofits

[B]failingtofulfillherduty

[C]refusingtomakecompromis

[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes

nfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresuppodtobe.

[A]generousinvestors

[B]unbiadexecutives

[C]sharepriceforecasters

[D]independentadvirs

ingtotherearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector’ssurprideparture,thefirmislikelyto.

[A]becomemorestable

[B]reportincreadearnings

[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket

[D]performworinlawsuits

einferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.

[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm

[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm

[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm

[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm

hor’sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.

[A]permissive

[B]positive

[C]scornful

[D]critical

Text2

Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?essionthreatenedtoremovethe

persliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechronicling

a’sFedethey

becomecharitablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?discussionsnow

emoutofdate.

Americannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturned

20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.

ricanSocietyofNews

Editorsreckonsthat13,pers

desperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyfor

manyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.

Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusiness,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertirs.

87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin

2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Not

surprisingly,Japanenewspapersaremuchmorestable.

Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareas

scienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.

pletenessisnolongeravirtuein

thenewspaperbusiness.

ng“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”(Lines3-4,Para.1),theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper.

[A]neglectedthesignofcrisis

[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies

[C]werenotcharitablecorporations

[D]wereinadesperatesituation

wspapersrefuddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecau.

[A]readersthreatenedtopayless

[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts

[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheareas

[D]subscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproducts

edwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecauthey.

[A]havemoresourcesofrevenue

[B]havemorebalancednewsrooms

[C]arelessdependentonadvertising

[D]arelessaffectedbyreadership

nbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?

[A]Distinctivenessisanesntialfeatureofnewspapers.

[B]Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.

[C]Foreignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.

[D]Readershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.

tappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe.

[A]AmericanNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvival

[B]AmericanNewspapers:GonewiththeWind

[C]AmericanNewspapers:AThrivingBusiness

[D]AmericanNewspapers:AHopelessStory

Text3

WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiers

returninghomebythemillions,dliningupatthemarriagebureaus.

Butwhenitcametotheirhous,the

Depressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidence

inthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.

Eca“lessismore”wasactuallyfirst

popularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschool

ofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarII

esignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourof

Americanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.

Mies’ssignaturephrameansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,ce,hebelieved,

hermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwe

’ssophisticatedprentationmaskedthefactthatthe

spaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.

TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller-two-bedroom

unitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthointheirolderneighborsalongthecity’ywerepopularbecauof

theirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitectural

equivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.

Thetrendtoward“less”1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestand

efficienthous-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly

20thcentury.

The“CaStudyHous”commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazine

between1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“lessismore”ticeffectcamefromthe

landscape,aStudyHou,Ralpheverydaylife-fewAmericanfamilies

acquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers-buthisbeliefthatlf-sufficiencywasbothdesirableand

inevitablewaswidelyshared.

twarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans’.

[A]prosperityandgrowth

[B]efficiencyandpracticality

[C]restraintandconfidence

[D]prideandfaithfulness

fthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus?

[A]ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.

[B]ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.

[C]MostAmericanarchitectsudtobeassociatedwithit.

[D]IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.

ldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign.

[A]wasrelatedtolargespace

[B]wasidentifiedwithemptiness

[C]wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration

[D]wasnotassociatedwithefficiency

trueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago’sLakeShoreDrive?

[A]Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.

[B]Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.

[C]Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.

[D]Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.

nwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaStudyHou”?

[A]Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyud.

[B]Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration

[C]Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.

[D]Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.

Text4

WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?ntheproject’sgreatest

cheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.

Aswellasthochronicproblems,theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitconomiccore,the16countriesthatuthesingle

shavelostfaiththattheeurozone’conomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothe

disciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.

YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’uckbecautheeurozone’s

dominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeabout

whattoharmonies.

Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,barkedby

ightincludethreatstofreezeEUfundsforpoorerregions

andEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountry’ststhateconomic

co-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketliberalism

andeconomicrigour;intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.

A“southern”campheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdifferent:”Europeaneconomicgovernment”withinaninnercore

ated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistributionfrom

richertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.

Finally,figuresclototheFrancegovernmenthavemurmured,curo-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocial

harmonization:e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.

instheworld’est,theEuropeanprojectis

remarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,

ambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,and

makecapitalismbenign.

sfacedwithsomanyproblemsthat.

[A]ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinmarkets

[B]evenitssupportersbegintofeelconcerned

[C]someofitsmembercountriesplantoabandoneuro

[D]itintendstodenythepossibilityofdevaluation

ateovertheEU’ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecauthedominantpowers.

[A]arecompetingfortheleadingposition

[B]arebusyhandlingtheirowncris

[C]failtoreachanagreementonharmonization

[D]disagreeonthestepstowardsdisintegration

etheeuroproblem,Germanypropodthat.

[A]EUfundsforpoorregionsbeincread

[B]stricterregulationsbeimpod

[C]onlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-ordination

[D]votingrightsoftheEUmembersbeguaranteed

nchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat____.

［A］poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfunds

［B］strictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoorcountries

［C］loanswillbereadilyavailabletorichcountries

［D］richcountrieswillbasicallycontrolEurobonds

ingthefutureoftheEU,theauthoremstofeel____.

［A］pessimistic

［B］desperate

［C］conceited

［D］hopeful

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthe

uransweronANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

SuchamovecouldaffectfirmssuchasMcDonald’s,whichsponsorstheyouthcoachingschemerunbytheFootball

-foodchainsshouldalsostopoffering“inducements”suchastoys,cuteanimalsandmobilephonecreditto

lureyoungcustomers,Stephensonsaid.

ProfessorDineshBhugra,presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists,said:“Ifchildrenaretaughtabouttheimpact

thatfoodhasontheirgrowth,andthatsomethingscanharm,atleastinformationisavailableupfront.”

Healsourgedcouncilstoimpo“fast-food-freezones”aroundschoolandhospitals-areaswithinwhichtakeawayscannot

open.

ADepartmentofHealthspokespersonsaid:“Weneedtocreateanewvisionforpublichealthwhereallofsocietyworks

cludescreatinganew‘responsibilitydeal’withbusiness,builtonsocial

responsibility,hisyear,wewillpublishawhitepaperttingoutexactlyhowwewillachievethis.”

Thefoodindustrywillbealarmedthatsuchniordoctorsbacksuchradicalmoves,especiallythecalltousomeofthe

toughtacticsthathavebeendeployedagainstsmokingoverthelastdecade.

[A]“fattaxes”shouldbeimpodonfast-food

producerssuchasMcDonald’s.

Lansleyheldthat[B]thegovernmentshouldbanfast-foodoutlets

intheneighborhoodofschools

eStephensonagreedthat[C]“lecturing”wasaneffectivewayto

improveschoollunchesinEngland.

liveremedtobelievethat[D]cigarette-stylewarningsshouldbe

introducedtochildrenaboutthedangersofa

poordiet.

Bhugrasuggested

that

[E]theproducersofcrispsandcandiescould

contributesignificantlytotheChange4Life

campaign.

tmentofHealth

Spokespersonpropdthat

[F]parentsshouldtgoodexamplesfortheir

childrenbykeepingahealthydietathome.

[G]thegovernmentshouldstrengthenthen

ofresponsibilityamongbusiness.

46．Direction：

ateitintoChine,writeyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesofgreenhougasasthe

world’sairlinesdo-rough2percentofallCO2emissions?

earchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsof

CO2dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”verresultstoitsursquickly,then,Google

hastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,roducinglargequantitiesofCO2,

thecomputermitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichuvenmoreenergy.

However,Googleandotherbringisthe

firststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

47Directions:

im/heraletterto

1)congratulatehim/her,and

2)givehim/hersuggestionsonhowtogetpreparedforuniversitylife.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

“ZhangWei”instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

48Directions:

writing,youshould:

1)interpretthechartand

2)giveyourcomments

youshouldwriteatleast150wrods

writeyouressayonanswersheet2(15points)

2011英语二参考答案

1．A2．C3．B4．D5．D6．B7．A8．C9．C10．B

11．D12．B13．A14．C15．A16．A17．D18．A19．C20．D

21-25BDCAD26-30DBCAA

31-35CDCDB36-40BCBAD

41.E42.D43.C44.B45.G

参考答案

从全球范围来看，有谁会想到IT行业释放的温室气体与全球航空公司产生的一样多呢？它大约占总二氧化碳总排量的2%。

许多日常工作对环境造成了令人震惊的破坏。根据每次你搜索并得到正确答案的尝试次数，谷歌会排放0.2至7克的二氧化碳。为了迅速

将结果传递给用户，谷歌在全球设置了大量充斥着能量巨大的电脑的数据中心。这些电脑在排放大量二氧化碳的同时，也产生大量的能量。

因此，这些数据中心需要良好的空调降温，这又会同时产生大量的能量。

然而，谷歌和其他技术提供商严密检测他们的效果并不断进行改进。监控是减排的第一步，但这仍任重道远，且不仅只由大公司来承担。

小作文参考答案

Dearfriend,

IamwritingtocongratulateyouonyourbeingsuccessfullyadmittedtoHarvardUniversity,whichenjoysaninternational

reputationforitsacademicexcellenceandgiveyousomesuggestionsastohowtomakepreparationforthecomingcollegelife.

Inorderforyoutoadaptyourlftotheuniversitylife,

andforemost,youneedtobuildastrongbodyforthefutureacademicpursuit,soyoucantakesomeexercisduringthebreaks.

Secondly,sincethestudyinuniversityismoredemandingthaninyourcondaryschool,youarehighlysuggestedtofindsome

introductorybooksfromthelibrarysoas

yoursoundability,youaresuretohaveasuccessfulcollegelife.

Congratulateyouagainandwishyouafruitfulcollegelife.

Sincerelyyours,

ZhangWei

【马鹏老师版】

DearMing,

Congratulations!fortsandcommitmenthavebeenpaidoff.

Youarethehonorofourfamily.

ndforemost,youneedtoimproveyour

communicationbecaer,readingsome

referencebookswillhelpyoutoaccumulatemoreknowledgeandterms,whichboostyourcompetitivenessincampus.

Onceagaincongratulateforyourachievement!

Yourssincerely,

ZhangWei

大作文参考答案

Asisshowninthebarchartabove,dramaticchangeshavetakenplaceintheautosmarketshareswithintwoyears(from

2008to2009).Themostobviouschangewasthemarketshareofnationalbrand,whichhadincreadnearlyby10%,while

Japan’sautosmarketsharedecreadroughlyby10%.ThepercentageoftheUSautosremainedstablebetween2008and2009.

TherearenumerousreasonsaccountingforthephenomenonandIwouldliketoexploreafewofthemostimportantones

ll,asthedevelopmentoftechniqueandknowledgeinnativecompanies,agrowingnumberofautoscorporation

ore,thenationalpeoplechangedtheattitudetothenativebrandsandacknowledgethem.

What’more,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpeoplehavebeenaffectedbythecountrypatriotismideology,partlyowingtosome

y,ToyotabrakeerroraccidentssignificantlyaffectsJapaneautos’

onally,Fuelpricedrove

notdifficulttoobrvetheirsteadyperformance.

Badonwhathasbeendiscusdabove,wemayreasonablyconcludethatthetendencydescribedingraphicwill

lly,governmentcouldoffermorefriendlypoliciestoChinaautosmanufacturersto

encouragequalityimprovementandtechnologyinnovation.

今年考研英语二的作文不是很难。小作文是常见的书信体，要求写一封祝贺信。祝贺信的写法比较简单，题目也给出了写作的思路，按照

题目的要求来写就可以。首先祝贺对方被大学录取，然后给出一些建议，做好准备，迎接大学的生活。最后再次祝贺对方，表达良好的愿

望。

大作文是考纲规定的图画作文。图片描述的内容是国产、日系、美系品牌汽车在2008年和2009年销售情况的变化。美系品牌汽车两年间

基本没有变化，但国产汽车与日系汽车相反，前者所占的份额上升，后者所占的份额是下降的。写作的时候需要首先描述一下图片的内

容，然后主要分析一下造成这种现象的原因，需要引起注意的事情等。

2012年研究生入学考试真题及解析

Section1UofEninglish

Directions:

mindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,but

that’enandwomenwho1)inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,2)

mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3)alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincold

foxholes,whowentwithoutthe4)offoodandshelter,snota

volunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5)anaverageguy,up6)thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemies

enincenturies.

amilitaryabbreviation7)GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle8)to

?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9)w,JoeMagrac…aworkingclass

tedStateshas10)hadapresidentorvicepresidentorcretaryofstateJoe.

a(11)careerfightingGerman,Japane,rsasacharacter,ora(12)of

americanpersonalities,,

ofthesoldiersPyle(13)sfamousforcoveringthe(14)sideofthewarl,writingabout

thedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports(16)the

“willie”n(17)thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the(18)of

civilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,France,

andadozenmorecountries,anyAmericansoldier,(20)themostimportantpersonintheirlives.

1.[A]performed[B]rved[C]rebelled[D]betrayed

2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal

3.[A]bore[B]cad[C]removed[D]loaded

4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes

5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence

6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against

7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming

8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]pasddown

9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed

10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither

11.[A]disguid[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished

12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony

13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned

14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human

15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained

16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted

17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired

18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advancea

19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond

20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutt[D]atthatpoint

SectionIIResdiongComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,uranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeen

districtsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhis

unately,dhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionof

someadvancedcours,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.

Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompleting

nly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotdo

hedistrictisntiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecau

ofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclototheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.

Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitas

hhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkand

udentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,

butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomework

herthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposaflat,

across-the-boardrule.

Atthesametime,istrictfindshomework

tobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethem

ly,ifhomeworkdoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmore

thantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.

Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforttingeducationalpolicy,

dtodohomeworkright.

pliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework_____.

[A]isreceivingmorecriticism

[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual

[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcours

[D]isgainingmorepreferences

dhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecaupoorstudents_____.

[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation

[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard

[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework

[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework

ingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____.

[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework

[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards

[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests

[D]restrictteachers'powerineducation

ionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswhether______.[A]itshouldbeeliminated

[B]itcountsmuchinschooling

[C]itplacextraburdensonteachers

[D]itisimportantforgrades

bletitleforthistextcouldbe______.

[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy

[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents

[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework

[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomework

Text2

Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsdwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.

Ttisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,

italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusgirls’prentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,

garound,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimagination

aboutgirls’livesandinterests.

Girls’attractiontopinkmayemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociate

professorofAmericanStudies,enwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabefore

domesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboil

’smore,rrycolourswere

introduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.

Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,otuntilthemid-1980s,

whenamplifyingageandxdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,

whenitbegantoeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.

Ihadnotrealidhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,includingourcore

edthatphawassomethingexpertsdevelopedafter

yearsofrearchintochildren’sbehaviour:ut,acdordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,

itwaspopularidasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.

Tradepublicationscounlleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”

betweeninfantwearandolderkids’nlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoa

ingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboost

oftheeasiestwaystogmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnot

previouslyexist.

ng"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink______.

[A]shouldnotbethesolereprentationofgirlhood

[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence

[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination

[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests

ingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours？

[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.

[B]Blueudtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.

[C]Pinkudtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.

[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.

horsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby_____.

[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren

[B]theobrvationofchildren'snature

[C]rearchesintochildren'sbehavior

[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption

earnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvidto_____.

[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes

[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders

[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups

[D]createsomecommonshoppers'terms

econcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkemstobe____.

[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency

[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers

[C]mainlyimpodbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen

[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts

Text3

aljudgeshookAmerica'ieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfor

decades-by2005some20%arch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.

technologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO)，atradegroup，assuredmembersthatthis

wasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.

OnJuly29ththeywererelieved，alappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision，rulingthat

MyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'efexecutive

ofMyriad，acompanyinUtah，saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.

Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalidmedicine，iadca

itlfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents：ageneisaproductofnature，soitmay

notbepatented；genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit；andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetic

testssuchasMyriad'arafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedto

bertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadca，arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“is

nolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenparatedfromcottoneds.”

Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision，mple，itisunclearwhetherthe

quemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.

AStheindustryadvances,however,iesareunlikelytofilemanymore

patentrenowstudyinghowgenes

intcract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeudtodeterminethecausofdiaorpredictadrug’fficacy,companiesare

eagertowinpatentsfor‘connectingthedits’,expaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO.

Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwill

rtcentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedddionstocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscape

etingwaspacked.

elearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike-----

xecutivestobeactive

toruleoutgenepatenting

obepatcntablc

toissueawarning

hoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat----

ctestsarenotreliable

n-madeproductsarepatentable

songenesdependmuchoninnovatiaon

shouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests

ingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor----

ishingdiacomelations

eringgeneinteractions

gpicturesofgenes

fyinghumanDNA

34．Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthormeansthat-----

remecourtwasauthoritative

wasapowerfulorganization

tentingwasagreatconcern

swerekeentoattendconventiongs

llyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingis----

al

tive

ul

ive

Text4

Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,itends,

itwillimately,itislikelytoreshapeour

politics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.

Noonetriesharderidthatunemployment,

whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;

tedrespects,

veryleast,ithasawokenusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhous,andputanecessaryendtoaneraof

recklesspersonalspending.

Butforthemostpart,thebenefitsemthin,uncertain,oralConquencesofEconomicGrowth,

theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnation

ordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreverdthe

-immigrantntimenttypicallyincreas,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclass.

Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomic

weaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,earchof

TillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionetheirlife

chancesdimmed:thowithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwiwouldhavebeenif

theyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassbeneaththemthatareleftbehind.

Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoetherentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwinthinAmericansociety.

Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningprecilyhowtheleantimesareaffectingsociety’respects,

esociallytolerantenteringthisressionthanatanytimeinitshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocial

havetowaitandeexactlyhowthehardtimeswillreshapeoursocial

ycertainlyit,andallthemoresothelongertheyextend.

ng“tofindsilverlinings”（Line1,Para.2）theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto___.

[A]eksubsidiesfromthegovemment

[B]explorereasonsfortheunermployment

[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy

[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession

ingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.

[A]realizethenationaldream

[B]struggleagainsteachother

[C]challengetheirlifestyle

[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle

inFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____.

[A]impoaheavierburdenonimmigrants

[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature

[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms

[D]eaconflictsbetweenracesandclass

earchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto_____.

[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreadopportunities

[B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees

[C]etheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’

[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers

horthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis____.

[A]certain

[B]positive

[C]trivial

[D]destructive

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthe

uranswersonANSWER

SHEERT1.(10points)

“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreat

Menwhohaveworkedhere,”,notanymoreitisnot.

Suddenly,uldbenomorethanapassingliterary

craze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathers

,wewantempathy,notinspiration.

FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,

1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)of

sthebiographical

rince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,

ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.

Overtime,anticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,

stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'rast,theVictorianauthorSamual

SmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores."Thevaluableexamples

whichtheyfurnishofthepoweroflf-help,ifpatientpurpo,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuinginthe

formulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,"wroteSmiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishfor

himlf"HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidethe

workingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.

ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocudhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,

pochalfiguresreprentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedas

posssinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.

m,historydidnothing,itpossdnoimmenwealthnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,

livingmanwhodoesallthat.”,itneededto

appreciatetheeconomicrealities,:“Menmaketheirown

history,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplea;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschonbythemlves,butunder

circumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”

eofThomasCarlyle,Britainnurtured

ChristopherHill,ew

realmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityof

ransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.

[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes.

ch[B]highlightedthepublicgloryoftheleading

artists.

oMachiavellli[C]focudonepochalfigureswholives

werehardtoimitate

Smiles[D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthe

greatmeninhistory.

Carlyle[E]heldthathistoryshouldbethestoryofthe

massandtheirrecordofstruggle.

dEngels[F]dismisdvirtueasunnecessaryfor

successfulleaders.

[G]depictedtheworthylivesofengineer

industrialistsandexplorers.

SectionIIITranslation

ions:

ourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftherbestand

brightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld,Thearethekindof

workersthatcountrieslikeBritian,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollege

graduates.

Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelyto

rveyofIndianhouholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethana

high-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%"braindrain"haslongbothered

policymakersinpoorcountries,Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswho

couldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriesto

make.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

ions

Suppoyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinstoretheother

day,Writeanemailtothecustomerrvicecenterto

1)makeacomplaintand

2)demandapromptsolution

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,U"zhangwei"instead.

PartB

ions

writingyoushould

1)describethetable,and

2)giveyourcomments

Youshouldwriteatleast150words(15points)

某公司员工工作满意度调查

年龄-------满意度满意不清楚不满意

小于等于40岁16.7%50.0%33．3%

41-50岁0.0%36.0%64.0%

大于50岁40.050.0%10.0%

2012考研英语二参考答案

1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C

6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B

11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B

16.A17.C18.B19.B20.D

21.A22.C23.A24.B25.D

26.A27.B28.A29.C30.C

31.C32.B33.A34.D35.D

36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A

41-45：AFGCE

小作文范文：

DearSirorMadame,

Asoneoftheregularcustomersofyouronlinestore,Iamwritingthislettertoexpressmycomplaintagainsttheflawsin

yourproduct—anelectronicdictionaryIboughtinyourshoptheotherday.

unately,

beginwith,whenIopenedit,ly,Ididnotfindthebattery

promidintheadvertimentpostedonthehomepageofyourshop,whichmakesmefeelthatyouhavenotkeptyourpromi.

Whatiswor,someofthekeysonthekeyboarddonotwork.

Istronglyrequestthatasatisfactoryexplanationbegivenandeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoimproveyourrvice

eitherndanewonetomeorrefundmemymoneyinfull.

Iamlookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.

Sincerelyyours,

ZhangWei

大作文范文：

ponthedataofthetable,mostpeople

under40areunclearordissatisfiedwiththeirjob,and64%ofthobetween40to50,arenotsatisfiedandnoonefeelsatisfied

pleover50,thedegreeofsatisfactionlargelyexceedstheothergroups,amountingto40%.

,middle-agedpeoplefacemorepressuretosupportthefamily,

boththechildrenandthenior,,theniorcitizenshasdevelopedalotin

personality,,theconclusionthatthecurrentsociety

patternspomorechallengestothemiddleagedgroupunder50.

Tosumup,theniorcitizennjoysmorecontentthantheyoungandmiddle-agedpeopleunder50.

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题

Directions:thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhich

allpaymentsaremadeelectronically.___1___,,predictionsof

suchasocietyhavebeen___2___mple,BusinessWeekpredictedin

1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery___3___ofmoneyitlf,”onlyto___4___itlf

themovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso___5___incoming?

Althoughe-moneymightbemoreconvenientandmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembadonpaper,veral

factorswork__6___,itisvery___7___totupthecomputer,cardreader,and

telecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe___8___,papercheckshave

theadvantagethatthey___9___receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto___10___.Third,theuofpaper

checksgivesconsumersveraldaysof"float"-ittakesveraldays___11___acheckiscashedandfundsare___12___from

theissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.___13___

electronicpaymentsareimmediate,,electronicmeansofpayment___14___

nhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputer

databaandtoalterinformation___15___there.

Becauthisisnotan___16___occurrence,unscrupulouspersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronic

paymentssystemsand___17___fundsbymovingthemfromsomeoneel’___18___ofthis

typeoffraudisnoeasytask,andawholenewfieldofcomputersciencehasdevelopedto___19___er

concernisthattheuofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic___20___thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonal

reworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthedata,thereby

encroachingonourprivacy.

1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwi

2.[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around

3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role

4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]rever

5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady

6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on

7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]nsitive[D]productive

8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant

9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print

10.[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdown

11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when

12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]relead[D]withdrawn

13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Becau[D]Though

14.[A]hide[B]express[C]rai[D]ea

15.[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed

16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear

17.[A]steal[B]choo[C]benefit[D]return

18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification

19.[A]copewith[B]fightagainst[C]adaptto[D]callfor

20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trail

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:thequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,ur

answersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmucha

moderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”isthereto

feedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”

Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuch

stubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauoftheadvancesinbothglobalization

andtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.

Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaveragelifestyle,But,today,averageis

veragejustwon’’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmore

accesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.

Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfield

ofemployment.

Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,re’dsonnotes,”

Inthe10yearndingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyeradalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70

years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.

Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,onethingweknowforsureisthatwitheach

tion,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomake

themlvesaboveaverage.

Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwould

rthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccessto

poet-highschooleducation.

einParagraph1isudtoillustrate_______

[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances

[B]thealleviationofjobpressure

[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills

[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes

ingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______

[A]workoncheapsoftware

[B]askforamoderatesalary

[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle

[D]contributesomethingunique

tationinParagraph4explainsthat______

[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerad

[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed

[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore

[D]newjobsandrviceshavebeenoffered

ingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____

[A]tion

[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople

[C]roadvanceeconomicglobalization

[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury

fthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

[A]NewLawTakesEffect

[B]TechnologyGoesCheap

[C]AverageIsOver

[D]RecessionIsBad

Text2

Acenturyago,iththemanyfolkslooking

tomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethowhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout

quarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,enhad

anaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.

Today,denemcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.

WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.

Wedon’tneedmorecategories,tolookbeyondstrick

t,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,tholivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.

Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.

Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamong

today’eenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyand

efertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyin

another.

Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,themtoimaginetheUnited

Statesasaplacewheretheycanbthemto

feelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.

Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigration

gbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthat

mingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplish

legallyintheexistingsystem.

26“Birdsofpassage”referstothowho____

[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.

[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.

[C]stayinaforegintemporaily.

[D]findpermanentjobsoveras.

27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationstystemintheUS____

[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories.

[B]hasloonedcontroloverimmigrants.

[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.

[D]hasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.

28Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant___

[A]fiancialincentives.

[B]aglobalrecognition.

[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs.

[D]thefreedomtostayandleave.

29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated__

[A]asfaithfulpartners.

[B]witheconomicfavors.

[C]withlegaltolerance.

[D]asmightyrivals.

30whichofthebesttitleforthepassage?

[A]comeandgo:bigmistake.

[B]livingandthriving:greatrisk.

[C]withorwithout:greatrisk.

[D]legalorillegal:bigmistake.

Text3

Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowweare

likelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredrespons.

Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefenmechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsand

bodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,rately

tellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,sawhiletojudgecomplex

aspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.

Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’logistsattheUniversity

ofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillicondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhough

nsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoimpuls

intowhateverelwe’redoing,Subjectxpodtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.

owwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweea

happyface(onereasongoodsalesreprentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbefore

owfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstand

theirbias-orhireoutsidescreeners.

JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuch

snapreactionsin“thicksliced”nreallywantstoassswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,

heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodays,nottwoconds.

Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthe

toricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthe

ghtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’lhavetheimaginative

capacitytoriabovetemptationandreverthehigh-speedtrend.

eneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.

[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation

[B]provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction

[C]dependontheimportanceoftheasssment

[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment

ctiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnaodecisions____.

[A]canbeassociative

[B]arenotunconscious

[C]canbedangerous

[D]arenotimpulsive

rthenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould____.

[A]trustourfirstimpression

[B]doaspeopleusuallydo

[C]thinkbeforeweact

[D]askforexpertadvice

ttmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebadon____.

[A]criticalasssment

[B]‘‘thinsliced’’study

[C]nsibleexplanation

[D]adequateinformation

hor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis____.

[A]tolerant

[B]uncertain

[C]optimistic

[D]doubtful

Text4

icular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily—friendly

untilwomenarepartofniormanagementdecisions,andEurope,stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelmingly

,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.

TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionof

ar,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentViviane

invitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemale

appealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.

DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily?

“Personally,Idon’tlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“Butilikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetaction:they“openthe

waytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,”accordingtoReding,aresulteninFranceandothercountrieswith

legallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.

IunderstandReding’’tlikequotaither;theyruncountertomybeliefin

meritocracy,,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslook

asifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.

Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratic

hiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”mendo

breakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower--as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattract

massiveattentionprecilybecautheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.

Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen---whetherCEOsortheirchildren’scaregivers--andall

families,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.

uropeancorporateworkplace,generally_____.

[A]womentakethelead

[B]menhavethefinalsay

[C]corporategovernanceisoverwhelmed

[D]niormanagementisfamily-friendly

opeanUnion’sintendedlegislationis________.

[A]areflectionofgenderbalance

[B]areluctantchoice

[C]arespontoReding’scall

[D]avoluntaryaction

ingtiReding,quotasmayhelpwomen______.

[A]gettopbusinesspositions

[B]ethroughtheglassceiling

[C]balanceworkandfamily

[D]anticipatelegalresults

hor’sattitudetowardReding’sappealisoneof_________.

[A]skepticism

[B]objectiveness

[C]indifference

[D]approval

nteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof______.

[A]moresocialjustice

[B]massivemediaattention

[C]suitablepublicpolicies

[D]greater“softpressure”

PartB

Directions:

themostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumbered

paragraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Livelikeapeasant

[B]Balanceyourdiet

[C]Shopkeepersareyourfriends

[D]Remembertotreatyourlf

[E]Sticktowhatyouneed

[F]Planningivervthing

[G]Wastenot,wantnot

ThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.

Afterbills,Tonyhas£60aweektospend,£40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewaarning£130,000aIyear

workingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon'sbetftrestaurants'"smarriagefailed,

hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecamerious."ltlikethat

again,toacertaindegree,methevalidationandconfidencethatI'

it'sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe''sfeelingpositive,but

he'llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworstate,withbarely

anymoneytospendonfood"-'shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.

41._____________________

Impulsivespendingisn'tanoption,soplanyourweek'smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsin

nExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,ughing:it'snotjustcost

'salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,becau,being-human,you'll

sometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.

42____________________________________________________________

Thisiswheresupermarketsandthci;em,there'snotthesameembarrassmentaswhen

ouplanproperly,you'llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefand

sixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.

43_________

Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that'filledwithleftovers,bread,

stock,ngaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou'lldoavegetablesoup,

andallfruitsthreateningto"gooff'willbecookedorjuiced.

44___________________________________

Everyonesaysthis,butchers,delisandfish-llersregularly,evenfor

smallthings,u'llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,or

beefbones,chickencarcassandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,Theyilletyouhaveforfree.

45__________________

Youwon'tbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourlftoatlunchatagood

restaurant-£1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou£21-morethan"enoughforathree-courlunchat

's£16.95there-or£12.99foralargepizzafromDomino's:IknowwhichI'drathereat.

SectionIIITranslation

ions:ourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15

points)

Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayof

theweek,I’vebeenabletodothis,sinceIwas4.

emstobeabletocopeandthe

hinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes–'t

thinkit'ulmemorydoesn'tmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteor

callthedaymygrand

rememberthatthemusicalHairopenedonBroadwayonthesameday–theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.

SectionIVWriting

47Writing

ourclassmatesanemailto

1)informthemaboutthedetailsand

2)'twriteyouraddress.(10points)

PartB(15points)

48Writeanessaybadonthefollowingchartinyourwriting,youshould

(1)interpretthechart,and

(2)giveyourcomments

Youshouldwriteabout150words.

答案：

1-5:ADBDC6-10:BBDBA11-15:ADCCC16-20:CABAD41F42E43G44C45D

46.从过去的53年里随便找出一天，我都能够立刻想起那一天我在哪里，那一天发生了什么新闻，甚至那一天

是星期几。从4岁起，我就能这么做了。

我从来没有为自己所记住的大量的事情而感到不知所措。我似乎能够应对这种状况，能够有条理地将这些信息记

在脑子里。当我想起悲伤的事情时，我会像每个人一样，尽力把它放在一边，不去想它。我并不认我因为我的记忆非

常清晰，这么做对我来说就很难。强大的记忆力并不能使我的情感更加敏锐和生动。我能够记得我祖父去世的那一天，

以及前一天我们去医院的路上所感到的悲伤。同样，我也能记得同一天在百老汇上演的音乐剧《Hair》——这些事情都

以同样的方式在我脑海里突然浮现。

47.

DearClassmates,

ailedarrangementsareasfollows.

ThiventwillbeheldintheplaygroundofouruniversityonMay10,2013,anditwillstartat7andendat10o’clockin

peningceremony,ourMonitorwillmakeclearthatthepurpoofthesaleistohelpchildrenwhohave

thetimefordonatingactivity.

Givingyourloveisavirtue,soIreallyappealtoallthestudentstotakepartinthiventandIwillbegratefulifyoucome

andgiveyourdonation.

Sincerelyyours,

LiMing

48.某高校学生兼职情况

TheChangeinCollegeStudents’ThinkingPatterns

Asisillustratedbythefigureinthechart,thenumberofcollegestudentsdoingpart-timejobshasbeenonri

steadilyfrom66.77%echangeinthechart,itgoeswithoutsayingthat

moreandmorecollegestudentschootoengageinoutsideprogramsrecently.

Consideringthechanges,y,withgrown-upofthestudents,mostparents

moreimportant,thefastchangingsociety

horitiesofChineuniversityorcollegehavebeen

encouragingtheirstudentstodopart-timejobsinthehopethatcollegestudentswouldbroadentheirviewtoknowmore

abouttore,morestudentsgoout

travelingordoingsocialpracticesduringthevacations.

Asacollegestudent,Ithinkthechartreflectstheexcitingprogressonthecollegestudents’thinkingpatternsfrom

becomemuchmaturetorealizehowtospendoursparetimemeaningfullyandpractically.

Fromthechangesinthecharts,itiasyforustopredictthatmoreandmorecollegestudentswillwalkouttheirhome

andthrowthemlvesintomorevariousvacationactivities.

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语（二）试题

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWER

SHEET.(10points)

Thinnerisn'rofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactat

rearehealthconditionsforwhich

beingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiency

thanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.

Ofevengreater___5___ten

defined___6___bodymassindex,___7__t

r

y,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobe,verelyobe,andvery

verelyobe.

Whilesuchnumericalstandardsem___9___,yisprobablylessamatterofweight

oplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,___10___otherswithalowBMImay

beinpoor___11___.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers___12___asobe,though

ly,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta___13___

BMI.

Todaywehavea(an)___14___rweightaresometimes___15___in

types___16___withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,

rs,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharbor

biasagainsttheobe.___17___veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasing

aboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.

Negativeattitudestowardobesity,___18___inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberof

anti-obesity___19___.ployers

leObamahaslaunchedahigh-visibility

campaign__20___childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitreprentsourgreatestnationalcuritythreat.

1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured

2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome

3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewi[D]Therefore

4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example

5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

6.[A]intermsof[B]incaof[C]infavorof[D]inof

7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

8.[A]inesnce[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

9.[A]complicated[B]conrvative[C]variable[D]straightforward

10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless

11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay

13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]ttled[D]associated

17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

18.[A]despid[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

19.[A]discussions[B]business[C]policies[D]studies

20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,ur

answersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecently

emergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotin

opeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddowor

thanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.

Thetwoacademicsuanarrayofbehavioralrearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospend

iesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravagant

isfactionwiththematerialpurchaswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingand

newbecomesold-hat;rbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMr

Norton,likeinterestingtrips,urchasoftenbecomemore

valuablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.

Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happiness

bangforyourbuck."Itemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,

spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmerican

spendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharity

isoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforonelf,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhenthey

apparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopular

McRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobssion.

Readersof"HappyMoney"areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,

maynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoinpoor

linkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeenamongrichandpoorpeople

aroundtheworld,ryonewillagree

withtheauthors'policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentives

tpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.

ingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurcha?

[A]Abighou[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar[D]Arichmeal

hor'sattitudetowardAmericans'watchingTVis________.

[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous

ismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat_______.

[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

[D]raritygenerallyincreaspleasure

ingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney_______.

[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders'criticism

[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurcha

[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus

[D]maygiveitsreadersanofachievement

xtmainlydiscusshowto______.

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalrearchsaysthat,actually,youthink

you'adeep-atedneedtofeelgoodaboutourlvesandwenaturally

employanumberoflf-enhancingstrategiestorearchintowhatthecallthe"aboveaverageeffect",

or"illusorysuperiority",andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourlvesasaboveaverageinleadership,

93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers-allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

Wmedefensivewhen

criticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe're

hotstuff.

PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintolf-enhancementand

thathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemto

identifyanoriginalphotograghofthemlves'fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredto

recognition,readsthestudy,is"anautomaticpsychologicalprocess

occurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation".Ifthesubjectsquickly

choafallyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.

thereanyevidencethat,thowho

lf-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)

thowhothoughtthattheimageshigherup

theattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththowhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigher

lf-esteem."Idon'tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion",says

Epley."It'sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemlves'.Ifyouaredepresd,

youwon'gtheresultsofEpley'sstudy,itmakesnthatwhypeopleheat

photographsofthemlvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon'tevenrecognizethepersoninthepictureas

themlves,Facebooktherefore,isalf-enhancer'sparadi,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemost

flatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit'snotthatpeople's

profilesaredishonest,saysCatalinatomaofWiscon-Madisonuniversity,"buttheyportrayanidealized

versionofthemlves.

ingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.

[A]ourlf-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

[B]illusorysuperiorityisbalesffect

[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

[D]lf-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

recognitionisbelievedtobepeople's______.

[A]rapidwatching

[B]consciouschoice

[C]intuitiverespon

[D]automaticlf-defence

oundthatpeoplewithhigherlf-esteemtendedto______.

[A]underestimatetheirincurities

[B]believeintheirattractiveness

[C]coveruptheirdepressions

[D]oversimplifytheirillusions

d"Viscerally"(Line2,para.5)isclostinmeaningto_____.

[A]instinctively

[B]occasionally

[C]particularly

[D]aggressively

einferredthatFacebookislf-enhancer'sparadibecaupeoplecan_____.

[A]prenttheirdishonestprofiles

[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles

[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits

[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides

Text4

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,

railways,gisldommentioned.

Whyisthat?notbeengoodat

coereisthescaleof

rdtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructure

project,hapsthemostsignificantreason

isthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,glistsincreaallthetimeand

wearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespe

needstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

munitiesminister,DonFoster,

hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrent

capontheceshowsthat

60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby

0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhave

asignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

hemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,

wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting?4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,

ttoexpirein2015,ourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthat

itwillretainalargepartofthecoalition'singctorneeds

toaccepttoadjust

tothischangingclimate.

horbelievesthatthehousingctor__

[A]hasattractedmuchattention

[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors

[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

elearnedthataffordablehousinghas__

[A]increaditshomesupply

[B]offeredspendingopportunities

[C]sufferedgovernmentbias

[D]disappointedthegovernment

ingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_______.

[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

[D]releaaliftedGDPgrowthforecast

einferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_______.

[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

[B]lesntheimpactofgovernmentinterference

[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments

[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities

horbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay______.

[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingctor

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthat

retwoextrachoicesinthe

uranswersonANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)

UncommonGround-LandArtinBritain

ThetermLandArtbringstomindepicinterventionsinthelandsuchasRobertSmithson'sSpiralJetty,

6,500tonsofbasalt,earthandsaltprojectingintoUtah'sGreatSaltLake,orRodenCrater,anextinct

volcanoinArizona,whichJamesTurrellhasbeentransformingintoanimmennaked-eyeobrvatorysince

1979.

RichardLong'sALineMadeByWalking,however,involvednothingmorestrenuousthana20-minutetrain

gotoffsomewhereinsuburbia,theartistwalkedbackwardsandforwardsover

apieceofgrassuntilthesquashedturfformedaline-akindofdrawingontheland.

EmerginginthelateSixtiesandreachingapeakintheSeventies,LandArtwasoneofarangeofnew

forms,includingBodyArt,PerformanceArt,ActionArtandInstallationArt,whichpushedartbeyondthe

thanportrayinglandscape,landartistsudthe

physicalsubstanceofthelanditlfastheirmedium.

ThemessageofthissurveyofBritishlandart-themostcomprehensivetodate-isthattheBritish

variant,typifiedbyLong'spiece,wasnotonlymoredomesticallyscaled,butalotquirkierthanitsAmerican

,whileyoumightassumethatanexhibitionofLandArtwouldconsistonlyofrecords

ofworksratherthantheworksthemlves,Long'is"action"

isinthepastthephotographisitssoleembodiment.

Thatmightemratheranobscurepoint,butittsthetoneforanexhibitionthatcontainsalot

ofblack-and-whitephotographsandrelativelyfewnaturalobjects.

LongisBritain'sbest-knownLandArtistandhisStoneCircle,aperfectringofpurplishrocksfrom

Portisheadbeachlaidoutonthegalleryfloor,reprentstheelegant,le

Family,ontheotherhand,standforitsdirty,singartistsMarkBoyleandJoanHills

andtheirchildren,laf

StreetStudy,asquareofbrick-strewnwasteground,isoneofthefewworksheretoembracethemundanity

thatcharacterismostofourexperienceofthelandscapemostofthetime.

Parksfeature,particularlyintheearlierworks,suchasJohnHilliard'sveryfunnyAcrossthePark,

inwhichalong-hairedstrollerisvariouslysmiledatbyaprettygirlandunwittinglyassaultedinaquence

ofimagesthatturnouttobedifferentpartsofthesamephotograph.

GenerallyhoweverBritishlandartistspreferredtogetawayfromtowns,gravitatingtowardslandscapes

thataretraditiont

probablywasn'tapparentatthetime,muchofthisworkispermeatedbyaspiritofromanticescapismthat

arman'syellow-tintedfilmTowardsAvebury,

acollectionoflong,mostlystillshotsoftheWiltshirelandscape,evokesatraditionofEnglishlandscape

paintingstretchingfromSamuelPalmertoPaulNash.

InthecaofHamishFulton,youcan'thelpfeelingthattheScottishartisthassimplyfoundaway

alwork,suchasSevenDays,consistsofasinglebeautiful

black-and-whitephotographtakenonanepicwalk,withthemileageandnumberofdaystakenlistedbeneath.

BritishLandArtasshowninthiswelllected,butrelativelymodestlyscaledexhibitionwasn'tabout

imposingonthelandscape,moreakindoflandscape-orientatedlightconceptualartcreatedpassingthrough.

Ithaditsoriginsinthegreatoutdoors,buttheresultswereasgallery-boundasthepaintingsofTurner

andConstable.

[A]originatesfromalongwalkthattheartisttook

ircle[B]illustratesakindoflandscape-orientatedlightconceptualart

reetStudy[C]remindspeopleoftheEnglishlandscapepaintingtradition.

thePark[D]reprentstheeleganceoftheBritishlandart

sAvebury[E]depictstheordinarysideoftheBritishlandart

ays[F]embodiesaromanticescapeintotheScottishoutdoors

[G]containsimagesfromdifferentpartsofthesamephotograph.

SectionIIITranslation

ions:

ourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15

points)

Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismandlesslyhappy,withaglassthat'

that'xactlythekindoffaldeerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn'trecommend."Healthy

optimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality."saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-

Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthowhobelieve

everythinghappensforthebest.

feelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrants

ndshimlfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewill

reconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglessons,for

thefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn'y,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledging

thatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn'tmatter.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

ions:SuppoyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent.

Writehimtoemailto

1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and

2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.

Donotuyourownname.

PartB

ions:WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Youshould

retthechart,and

urcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

英语（二）试题答案

完型填空

1Bconcluded2Aprotective3Clikewi4Aindicator

5Dconcern6Aintermsof7Cequals8Cinturn

9Dstraightforward10Bwhile11Ashape12Bqualify

13Cnormal14Dtendency15Bpictured16Dassociated

17Aeven18Dgrounded19Cpolicies20Bagainst

阅读理解

T1．21BAspecialtour

22Acritical

23Draritygenerallyincreaspleasure

24Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurcha

25Abalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

T2．26Aourlf-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

27Cintuitiverespon

28Bbelieveintheirattractiveness

29Ainstinctively

30Dwithholdtheirunflatteringsides

T3．31Atoreviewthefactorsthataffecteconomicoperation

32Btheeconomyofanation

33Cregulationmayaffectbusinessoperationbyincreasingthecost

34CBecautherearetoomanyreasonsbehindit.

35Dcooperatewithbusinessmenandpoliticians

T4．36Binvolvescertainpoliticalfactors

37Csufferedgovernmentbias

38Aallowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

39Ccontributetofundingnewdevelopments

40Dstopgenerousfundingtothehousingctor

翻译

大多数人将乐观定义为永远快乐，总觉得杯子里的水还有一半。但积极心理学家并不提倡这种虚假的快乐。“健康的

乐观是与现实联系在一起的，”哈佛大学教授泰•本•萨哈说道。根据他的观点，现实的乐观主义者是去积极实现事情

的圆满，而不是坐等事情自己圆满。

本•萨哈提出了乐观训练的三个阶段。当他心情低落时——比如，一个糟糕的演讲之后——他宽慰自己这是人之常情。

他提醒自己不是每一次演讲都要求诺贝尔标准，有些演讲的效果就是不如其他。第二个阶段是重塑。他会分析这次失

败的演讲，哪些地方可取，哪些不可取，为将来的演讲积累经验。第三个阶段是前瞻，我们要认识到在生命的宏伟蓝

图中，一次演讲根本算不上什么。

新题型

41．DreprentstheeleganceoftheBritishlandart

42．EdepictstheordinarysideoftheBritishlandart

43．Gcontainsimagesfromdifferentpartsofthesamephotograph.

44．CremindspeopleoftheEnglishlandscapepaintingtradition.

45．Aoriginatesfromalongwalkthattheartisttook

小作文

DearJohn,

IamLiMing,yourprospectiveroommate,ting

thislettertotellyouaboutmylivinghabitsaswellasaskforyouradviceonmylivingthere.

OutgoingasIam,,theflexible

’smore,sinceitisthefirsttimeIgo

thereIwouldliketoaskforyouradviceconcerningthelifeinyourcountry,yourlocalcustoms,climate

andacademicatmospheretonamebutafew.

kingforwardtoyourreply.

SincerelyYours,

LiMing

大作文

TheabovebarchartprecilyreflectsthechangeofurbanandruralpopulationinChinaoverthepast

pictedinthechart,from1990to2010,theurbanpopulationincreaddrastically,

changingfrom300millionto670million,whiletheruralpopulationwitnesdamoderatedecrea,

efigureconveysisthought-provokingand

far-reaching.

Thoughthecausforthephenomenonmaybeverycomplex,therearethreemainfactorswhichcan

maryoneisthatthe21stcenturyhaswitnesdtheunparalleleconomic

rfactorthatweshouldn’toverlookisthatpeople’s

tnotleast,thebuildofcitiesalso

contributestothismatter,whichhasluredincreasingnumberofpopulationfromthecountriespourinto

thecity.

Asdiscusdabove,rmlybelievethatthistablishedtrend

willcontinueanddueimportanceshouldcontinuebeplacedonthefactorsthatleadtothetrendinthe

forthcomingyears.