windsor(windsor温莎大学)

The world’s largest and oldest continuously occupied fortress, Windsor Castle is a majestic vision of battlements and towers. Ud for state occasions, it’s one of the Queen’s principal residences; when she’s at home, the Royal Standard flies from the Round Tower.

Frequent, free guided tours introduce visitors to the castle precincts, divided into the Lower, Middle and Upper Wards. Free audio tours guide everyone through its lavish State Apartments and beautiful chapels; certain areas may be off limits if in u.

It was William the Conqueror, just five years after his successful invasion of England, who commanded that an earth-and-timber fortress be built beside the Thames. Completed in 1080, it was rebuilt in stone by his great-grandson, Henry II, in 1170. Successive monarchs made their own marks, with Edward III turning Windsor into a Gothic palace and Charles II adding baroque flourishes to emulate Louis XIV’s Versailles outside Paris. George IV swept in with his team of artisans to establish what’s still Windsor’s identity, as a palace within a medieval castle. Thanks to all this rebuilding, the castle now holds almost a thousand rooms, in architectural styles that range from half-timbered fired brick to Gothic stone.

Queen Mary’s Dolls’ Hou

Filling a side chamber as you approach the State Apartments from the North Terrace of the Upper Ward, this astonishing creation is not a toy but a masterpiece of artful miniaturisation. Designed at 1:12 scale by Sir Edwin Lutyens for Queen Mary, and completed in 1924, it displays a phenomenal attention to detail. It's equipped with fully functional plumbing, including flushing toilets, plus electric lights, tiny Crown Jewels, a silver rvice and wine cellar, and even a fleet of six cars in the garage.

温莎城堡是世界上最古老的城堡，也是有人居住的城堡中最大的一个。城堡包括大量城垛和塔楼，因此初期主要用于防御外敌，如今则成为英国君主的主要行政官邸，现任英国女王有相当多的时间在温莎城堡度过，并在这里举行国家活动。当女王在城堡内时，城堡圆塔便会升起英国皇家旗。

游客可以跟随免费讲解了解城堡的外围情况——包括塔楼、上区和中区；同时游客也可以选择语音讲解，一览华丽的国家外交大厅、圣乔治教堂的的风采；当然，城堡内另作他用的房间和区域是不能参观的。

征服者威廉在入侵英格兰5年后，下令在泰晤士河畔建造石堡与木栅栏，并于1080年完工，温莎城堡雏形初现。1170年，征服者威廉的曾孙亨利二世对其进行改建，建造了第一个石碉堡。随后，历任英国君主均对城堡进行了不同程度的改造——爱德华三世将哥特风带入温莎城堡；理查二世效仿法国路易十六的凡尔赛，将巴洛克风格引入温莎；而乔治四世则彻底翻修了城堡，将其打造成中世纪城堡中的行宫，而这种风格也延续至今。而温莎城堡也在一次次的翻修中成为不同建筑风格的集大成者——如今的城堡有上千个房间，建筑风格从半木质、烧结砖到哥特式全石结构应有尽有。

玛丽皇后玩偶屋

从上区的北庭院到国家外交大厅的路上有一间侧室——玛丽皇后玩偶屋，这里的藏品并非普通的玩偶，而是微型艺术品。这些玩偶是埃德温·勒琴斯爵士于1924年为玛丽皇后按照1:12的比例所打造的微型玩偶，他于对细节的把控令人惊艳。玩偶屋中有功能齐全的冲水马桶等下水管道系统、电灯、微型珠宝、银器护理工具、酒窖，甚至还有一个藏有六辆汽车的迷你车库。

单词：

1. fortress 堡垒；要塞

2. majestic 庄严、宏伟的

3. battlement 城垛

4. precinct 外围

5. lavish 丰富的、大方的

6. command 命令、指挥

7. the Thames 泰晤士河

8. emulate 效仿、仿真

9. medieval 中世纪的

10. masterpiece 杰作

11. plumbing 管道系统

12. flushing toilets 冲水马桶

13. wine cellar 酒窖

句型：

1. （1）It was William the Conqueror, （2）just five years after his successful invasion of England, （3）who commanded （4）that an earth-and-timber fortress be built beside the Thames.

（1）It……was：主句，表明温莎城堡首位建造者的身份；

（2）just……England：插入语，表明征服者威廉建造温莎城堡的时间；

（3）who……Thames：非限定性定语从句，进一步表明其首位建造者的身份；

（4）that……Thames：宾语从句，表明征服者威廉所下的指令；

2. （1）Thanks to all this rebuilding, （2）the castle now holds almost a thousand rooms, （3）in architectural styles （4）that range from half-timbered fired brick to Gothic stone.

（1）Thanks……rebuilding：原因状语，表明其风格多样的原因；

（2）the……rooms：主句，点明温莎城堡的特色；

（3）in……stone：省略which are，定语修饰房间风格；

（4）that……stone：定语修饰style，具体描述城堡风格；

简说：温莎城堡里的“霸道总裁戏”

作为英国皇室的行宫，温莎城堡见证了一代代王朝的更迭和帝国的兴衰，似乎“温莎”二字或多或少总与“国家命运”相连。其实除却它所展现的“家国情怀”，温莎城堡里其实也上演了一幕幕“霸道总裁戏”。其中最知名的便是爱德华八世“不爱江山爱美人”，除此之外，乔治五世也是如此，他为玛丽皇后所建的玩偶之屋是微型艺术巅峰之作，里面所有的物件不仅摆放到位，而且真实可用，其中的微型书本中甚至有微型文字。而乔治五世其实就是现任英国国家元首——伊丽莎白二世的爷爷。