英语人物介绍

GeorgeWashington

OnApril30,1789,George

Washington,standingonthe

balconyofFederalHallonWall

StreetinNewYork,tookhisoathof

officeasthefirstPresidentofthe

UnitedStates."Asthefirstofevery

thing,inoursituationwillrveto

establishaPrecedent,"hewroteto

JamesMadison,"itisdevoutly（虔诚

地）wishedonmypart,thatthe

precedentsmaybefixedontrue

principles."

Bornin1732intoaVirginiaplanter

family,helearnedthemorals,

manners,andbodyofknowledge

requisite（必备的）foran18th

centuryVirginiagentleman.

Hepursuedtwointertwined（互相交

织的）interests:militaryartsand

16hehelped

surveyShenandoah（谢南多尼河，

美国弗吉尼亚州河流）landsfor

Thomas,LordFairfax.

Commissioned（受任命的）a

lieutenantcolonel（陆军中校）in

1754,hefoughtthefirstskirmishes

（小规模战斗）ofwhatgrewintothe

FrenchandIndianWar.（法国印第安

人战争（1754-1760），在北美大陆

进行的法英战争，以法国失败而告

终，英国获得法属北美殖民地）The

nextyear,asanaide（助手，副官）

Braddock,he

escapedinjuryalthoughfourbullets

rippedhiscoatandtwohorswere

shotfromunderhim.

From1759totheoutbreakofthe

AmericanRevolution,Washington

managedhislandsaroundMount

Vernon（芒特弗农，地名）andrved

intheVirginiaHouofBurgess.

（下议院，殖民地时期弗吉尼亚及马

里兰州的民选政府）Marriedtoa

widow,MarthaDandridgeCustis,he

devotedhimlftoabusyand

ehisfellow

planters,Washingtonfelthimlf

exploited（剥削）byBritish

merchantsandhampered（受阻碍

的）

quarrelwiththemothercountry

grewacute,hemoderatelybut

firmlyvoicedhisresistancetothe

restrictions.

WhentheSecondContinental

Congress（大陆会议）asmbledin

PhiladelphiainMay1775,

Washington,oneoftheVirginia

delegates,walectedCommander

July3,1775,atCambridge,

Massachutts,hetookcommand

ofhisill-trainedtroopsand

embarkedupon（着手，开始）awar

thatwastolastsixgrueling（累垮人

的，折磨人的）years.

Herealizedearlythatthebest

strategywastoharass（反复袭击）

rtedtoCongress,

"weshouldonallOccasionsavoida

generalAction,orputanythingto

theRisque（伤风败俗的，指英国人），

unlesscompelledbyanecessity,

intowhichweoughtnevertobe

drawn."Ensuing（接着发生的）

battlessawhimfallback（后退）

slowly,thenstrikeunexpectedly.

Finallyin1781withtheaidof

Frenchallies--heforcedthe

surrenderofCornwallis（将军名）at

Yorktown.（约克城，地名）

Washingtonlongedtoretiretohis

oon

realizedthattheNationunderits

ArticlesofConfederation（十三州邦

联宪法，美国第一部宪法）wasnot

functioningwell,sohebecamea

primemover（发起者）inthesteps

leadingtotheConstitutional

Convention（1787年美国制宪会议）

e

newConstitutionwasratified(批准),

theElectoralCollege(选举团)

unanimously（全体一致地）elected

WashingtonPresident.

Hedidnotinfringeupon（侵犯，侵

害）thepolicymakingpowersthathe

felttheConstitutiongaveCongress.

Butthedeterminationofforeign

policybecamepreponderantly（占优

势的，多数的）aPresidentialconcern.

WhentheFrenchRevolutionledto

amajorwarbetweenFranceand

England,Washingtonrefudto

acceptentirelythe

recommendationsofeitherhis

SecretaryofState（国务卿）Thomas

Jefferson,whowaspro-French（亲

法的）,orhisSecretaryofthe

Treasury（财政部长）Alexander

Hamilton,whowaspro-British.

Rather,heinsisteduponaneutral

couruntiltheUnitedStatescould

growstronger.

Tohisdisappointment,twoparties

weredevelopingbytheendofhis

dofpolitics,

feelingold,heretiredattheendof

arewellAddress,

heurgedhiscountrymento

forswear（发誓抛弃）excessive

partyspirit（贬义，指对本党派的热

情）

foreignaffairs,hewarnedagainst

long-termalliances.

Washingtonenjoyedlessthanthree

yearsofretirementatMountVernon,

forhediedofathroatinfection

December14,thsthe

Nationmournedhim.