英文小品词构成的动词短语
在英语中,有动词和小品词(up,down,in,out,on,off,over,away)构成的动词短语
很多,有时很难猜出它们的意义,笔者收集了常见的动词短语,通过分析小品词的意义,对
这一类的短语进行分类,找出它们的规律,以便更好地掌握它们,注意有些短语意义很接近,
这要结合例句和上下文掌握它们的用法。
1)向上(towardorintoahigherposition)
lift~举起climb~爬上come~上升get~起来stand~站起来pick~检起
draw~升起grow~长大hand~拖起put~举起nd~使上升ri~升起
look~抬起头zip~拉上hold~举起pile~堆起dig~挖出take~拿起build
~树立t~建立
2)完成,结束(expressingcompletenessandfinality)
finish~完成drink~喝干eat~吃光burn~烧光wash~洗净u~用光fill
~装满pay~付清ttle~解决lick~甜净sum~总结,open~透露end~
结束let~中止,减少draw~停止clo~停止,关闭swallow~吞没beat~痛
打cover~掩盖break~结束,分解wind~结束
3)离开,消灭(expressingparationanddestroy)
break~拆开,驱散cut~切碎split~分裂divide~分割smash~捣毁blow~
炸毁wither~枯死tear~撕碎give~放弃fold~垮台dry~枯竭,干涸crack~
撞坏clutter~使散乱litter~乱丢杂物
4)增加,变强(toastateofgreateractivity,force,strength,poweranddegree.
(1).mount~增加pick~振作,加快pluck~振作turn~开打,开大,出现shake
~震惊steam~使发怒stir~激起,搅起ea~放松warm~兴奋speak~大
声说heat~变热total~加总ten~紧张gather~收集speed~加速screw
~振作build~增大show~显现cheer~振作起来stir~刺激work~激动,刺
激
(2).用在带"-en"后缀的动词后(udaftertheverbswithsuffixof-en)
brighten~发亮fatten~发胖freshen~使新鲜harden~变硬sharpen~变快
smarten~变精明strengthen~加强sweeten~变甜tighten~使紧密toughen
~使强壮soften~变软
5).变好,改善(astobebetterandproper)bring~抚育check~核对clear~清
理,晴天clean~整理do~整理patch~修理polish~擦亮,改进light~点亮
tune~调整tidy~整理rub~擦亮train~训练,培养make~化装,和解,弥补
buy~囤积figure~计算fix~修理,整理take~从事
6)关住,锁紧,固定住(firmly,tightlyandcloly)
shut~关闭lock~锁住tie~栓住chain~锁住nail~钉住fasten~系住pin
~钉住bind~装订bar~关住block~堵塞choke~堵塞save~存起来store
~贮藏stock~储存cover~掩盖wrap~包住lay~储存hold~延误keep~
坚持
7)向说话人的方向(totheplacewherethespeakeris)
go~run~rush~drive~walk~catch~swim~march~come~
1)向下的位置(toorintoalowerposition)
cast~扔下cut~砍倒get~下来hand~传下来knock~撞倒lay~放下let~
放下pour~倾盆而下pull~拉下t~放下sit~坐下step~走下来throw~
扔下turn~拆下take~取下blow~吹倒bring~打倒hang~垂下sink~沉
落slip~失足squat~蹲下swallow~吞下stoop~伏身splash~飞溅而下
touch~降落bend~弯下bow~鞠躬kneel~跪下lie~躺下strip~脱下
2)减少(强度,量和体积)(adecreainintensity,amount,bulk)
dwindle~减少die~变弱,逐渐停止go~平静下来mark~削减hold~压低
burn~(火)减弱,烧坏slow~慢下来burn~烧掉wash~冲淡clean~弄干净
rub~擦干净bring~降低keep~缩减trim~裁减water~冲淡thin~减少
run~用光衰弱wear~削减,磨损come~下跌knock~降价
3)停止,减弱(toastateoflessactivity,force,strengthandpower)
clo~关闭drop~突然停止break~坏了,中止run~停止ttle~平静下来
cool~冷静下来turn~拒绝die~停止lay~失望put~镇压4)紧紧地,牢牢
地(firmly,tightly)fasten~系牢chain~链住,栓住clamp~夹住nail~钉住pin
~扣牢hammer~钉上tie~栓住bind~捆绑draw~停下来5)写下,记下(on
paperorinwriting)write~写下copy~抄下note~记下take~记下put~记
下get~记下have~写下
3on1)继续(continuously)
carry~drive~fight~hold~keep~live~sleep~sing~walk~go~hurry
~move~read~follow~struggle~insist~坚持
2)连上,固定住,(inorintoastateofbeingconnected)
act~对…起作用catch~抓牢come~跟随count~依赖draw~带上,穿上
fasten~纠缠,抓牢fit~固定get~接近paste~粘住turn~打开switch~打
开pin~钉住put~穿上try~试穿pull~穿上hang~不挂断build~建立于
leave~留住take~穿下rely~依靠depend~依靠
3)向前,向上(forward,onward)
add~加上mark~标上paint~漆上press~向前pass~传递nd~转送
stamp~盖章于get~上车hand~传送
4)开始某活动(inorintoanactiveoperation)
work~从事fall~攻击hit~突然向起bring~引起get~取得进展look~旁观,
观看call~拜访figure~打算,希望fix~决心get~进步,友好相处pick~批评
plan~打算decide~决定reflect~思考,反思remark~评论,议论ttle~决
定spur~鼓励urge~督促
1)离开(indicatingdeparture)blow~吹掉drive~击退get~下车,动身lift~离
开地面make~逃走move~离去pack~打发走e~送行ship~运往start
~动身nd~送行,解雇call~叫走let~放出take~起飞touch~发射give
~发出clear~走开carry~夺走
2)去掉,断开(indicatingremovalordisconnection)
cut~切断tear~扯掉take~拿走chip~切下come~脱落cross~除去
drop~跌落fall~脱落flick~弹掉peel~剥掉pull~撕开rub~擦掉scrape
~挂去shave~剃去wash~洗掉shake~抖落throw~扔开rip~扯开turn
~关掉strip~脱去switch~关掉take~脱掉shut~关掉wear~磨损go~
爆炸break~中断
3)完成,停止(indicatingcompletion)
finish~结束pay~付清break~停止,中断nd~结束leave~停止pass~
终止,停止sign~停止播音wear~消失,write~注销,购销bring~完成call~
取消lay~停止,解雇
4)着地(downtotheground)
fall~落下jump~跳下knock~击倒slip~滑倒
1)进入,向里(into,inside,indoors)
barge~闯入beat~打进break~闯入,插嘴breathe~吸入burst~闯入,打断
drop~偶然拜访fall~跌入get~插入,收进knock~打入lead~导入let~进
入,嵌入move~迁入step~走进ttle~迁入smuggle~偷偷运进cut~插
嘴call~来访draw~(火车)进站intervene~介入involve~卷入
2)包围,关闭(tobesurrounded,orenclod)
clo~包围,封闭lock~禁闭shut~关进wall~围住
3)加入,记入(tobeadded,orincluded)
book~登记check~签到count~记入fill~填入hand~交上take~吸收
nd~呈交
1)向外(awayfromtheinside,outside)
keep~使在外take~拿出put~放出,伸出come~长出,bring~拿出bar~
关在外breathe~呼吸出eat~出去吃get~弄出go~出去lay~摆开,展示
lock~关在外面look~向外看move~搬出point~指出pour~诉说pull~拉
出ship~运出stick~伸出spit~吐出beat~敲出knock~敲出dine~外出吃
饭drive~驾车外出leak~漏出draw~拉出e~送出门去draw~出站let~
放出,释放
2)结束,消失,取消(tooratanend,nottobethereornottoexist)
burn~烧尽,烧断clear~清除dust~清除fade~消失put~扑灭run~用完
u~耗尽give~耗尽comb~淘汰kick~逐出wipe~消灭die~灭绝rub~
擦掉blot~除去blow~吹熄bleach~漂白carry~完成,执行leave~省去e
~完成go~熄灭come~罢工,结果cut~删去,停止hold~坚持到底ll~买
完tire~筋疲力尽wear~磨损
3)大声(inaloudvoice,aloud)
sing~cry~shout~call~,喊,申斥spell~speak~scream~read~yell~
sob~burst~咆哮
4)分发,传开(toanumberofpeopleorinalldirections)
give~分发spread~传开t~出发hand~分发share~分配divide~分配
call~出动start~出发nd~发送break~爆发,逃脱rve~分发口粮drop
~离开,退出
5)搞清,弄明白(inorintonoticeandclearness)
find~找出figure~算出,解决make~弄清count~点清come~出版,出现
catch~看出carry~完成,bear~证明bring~发表,说出fill~使完全,添满
write~写出
1)向下(downwardsfromanuprightposition)
knock~撞倒turn~翻转fall~脸朝下跌倒trip~拌倒bend~伏身look~从…
上面看
2)自始至终,通过,重复(frombeginningtoend,through,againandagain)
look~调查think~考虑e~查看run~匆匆看talk~商量call~点名read
~读一遍go~复习do~重复glance~浏览skip~略过ponder~思考
3)向上,向外,(indicatingmotionupwardsoroutwards)
run~溢出spill~溢出boil~因沸溢出throw~呕吐
4)经过(fromonesidetotheother,acrossaspaceordistance)
jump~climb~come~go~swim~pass~walk~move~fly~run~
5)结束,完成(finished,atanend)
get~结束,熬过stand~延期stop~逗留hang~延期throw~抛弃go~看
完leave~剩下
6)转变,改变(indicatingtransferenceandchange)
hand~移交take~接管buy~收买come~过来get~战胜,克服gain~争
取过来win~争取过来switch~转交turn~变动,交付make~移交
7)由于(becauof)
cry~因…哭laugh~笑…fuss~因…着急
1)离开(toadistance,toanotherplace)
go~走开run~跑开walk~走开ride~开走move~移开take~拿走carry
~运走clear~收走draw~拉走get~逃走,离开put~收起来break~逃脱
come~离开keep~不准接近
2)减少,减弱(indicatingloss,lesning,weakening)
burn~烧尽brush~刷掉die~消失drain~流走melt~融化pass~消失
rub~擦掉wash~冲走wipe~擦掉boil~汽化
3)(indicatingparation,apart)
cut~切掉give~赠送put~抛弃,收起
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